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PubMedDate not supplied

Computer assisted information resources navigation.

In this paper, the design and development of Computer Assisted Information Resources Navigation (CAIRN) is discussed. CAIRN system is a medical information retrieval system that allows physicians and students to store full text medical information from any resource, organize and retrieve it. The most important feature of CAIRN is its capability to assist the user, physician, student etc. in selecting documents against a submitted query in Natural Language. The retrieved documents are presented in decreasing order according to their similarity to the submitted query. The nearest neighbour method is used. An alternative similarity measure based on a new calculation of the length of documents is proposed and some experimentation with it is discussed.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1994

Data compression for medical report archiving.

In a hospital environment, where large numbers of reports are compiled, data compression offers a method for substantially reducing the required disk space whilst protecting the confidentiality of patient data. An analysis is given of the most important parameters that influence compression of free-text data, to realize an efficient implementation of an archiving system for medical reports. An overall reduction of the required disk space by more than 50% can be attained, as well as supplementary level of protection. A slight increase in access time is thereby inevitable, but almost insignificant. Such an archiving system constitutes a necessary component for an intelligent information retrieval system. The access to information contained in medical documents (by means of natural language processing and artificial intelligence techniques) is considered to be one of the key issues in the field of medical informatics for the coming decades.

Archives↗
PubMed2006

Using hit curves to compare search algorithm performance.

Databases continue to grow but the metrics available to evaluate information retrieval systems have not changed. Large collections such as MEDLINE and the World Wide Web contain many relevant documents for common queries. Ranking is therefore increasingly important and successful information retrieval systems, such as Google, have emphasized ranking. However, existing evaluation metrics such as precision and recall, do not directly account for ranking. This paper describes a novel way of measuring information retrieval performance using weighted hit curves adapted from the field of statistical detection to reflect multiple desirable characteristics such as relevance, importance, and methodologic quality. In statistical detection, hit curves have been proposed to represent occurrence of interesting events during a detection process. Similarly, hit curves can be used to study the position of relevant documents within large result sets. We describe hit curves in light of a formal model of information retrieval, show how hit curves represent system performance including ranking, and define ways to statistically compare performance of multiple systems using hit curves. We provide example scenarios where traditional measures are less suitable than hit curves and conclude that hit curves may be useful for evaluating retrieval from large collections where ranking performance is crucial.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Decision-theoretic information pretrieval: a generalization of reminding.

Reminder systems and clinical medical librarian services often provide information to clinicians without requiring that a clinician actively seek information. This characteristic may explain in part the effectiveness and high clinician acceptance of these systems. We term systems with this characteristic "information pretrieval systems" to distinguish them from information retrieval systems, which require a clinician to articulate an information need in the form of a query. Because of the increasing importance of information pretrieval systems in medical care, we have developed a decision-theoretic model of an ideal information pretrieval system. In this paper, we present this model and suggest its use as an analytic framework for understanding existing approaches, and as a formal basis for a functioning pretrieval system.

Decision Support Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Medical telecommunications--fundamental changes in the art and science of medicine.

The availability of easy to use microcomputers and medical information retrieval systems will result in fundamental and important changes in medical practice. The acquisition of information literacy and fluency will be mandatory techniques for the future practice of medicine and should be taught at the institutional level by faculty sophisticated in the use of information retrieval systems. The resulting improvements in the practice of medicine go beyond simple cost savings to fundamentally alter the ways patients and their disorders are looked upon and handled.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effect of textual variation on concept based information retrieval.

Accounting for textual variation in the documents and queries processed by information retrieval systems is considered essential for achieving good retrieval. Recent research has called into question several of the techniques used to support this endeavor. This paper reports on experiments with a concept based information retrieval system which relies on a program called MetaMap to account for textual variation in the process of mapping biomedical text such as MEDLINE bibliographic citations to the UMLS Metathesaurus. The experiments confirm that the effort expended in handling textual variation is well-spent for at least one type of concept based information retrieval.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of information needs of users of the Stanford Health Information Network for Education.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the information needs of users of the Stanford Health Information Network for Education (SHINE), an integrated information retrieval (IR) system. METHODS: A subset of queries from the SHINE log were categorized into one or more of 33 categories. RESULTS: Drugs and infectious disease accounted for 25% of categorizations, and otherwise the distribution of categorizations was quite broad. CONCLUSIONS: Attention should be paid to the selection of drug information resources in medical knowledge information retrieval systems. The distribution of query categorizations also suggests that IR systems include a wide range of knowledge resources.

California↗
PubMed2006

Protocol for the Quick Clinical study: a randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of an online evidence retrieval system on decision-making in general practice.

BACKGROUND: Online information retrieval systems have the potential to improve patient care but there are few comparative studies of the impact of online evidence on clinicians' decision-making behaviour in routine clinical work. METHODS/DESIGN: A randomized controlled parallel design is employed to assess the effectiveness of an online evidence retrieval system, Quick Clinical (QC) in improving clinical decision-making processes in general practice. Eligible clinicians are randomised either to receive access or not to receive access to QC in their consulting rooms for 12 months. Participants complete pre- and post trial surveys.Two-hundred general practitioners are recruited. Participants must be registered to practice in Australia, have a computer with Internet access in their consulting room and use electronic prescribing. Clinicians planning to retire or move to another practice within 12 months or participating in any other clinical trial involving electronic extraction of prescriptions data are excluded from the study. The primary end-points for the study is clinician acceptance and use of QC and the resulting change in decision-making behaviour. The study will examine prescribing patterns related to frequently prescribed medications where there has been a recent significant shift in recommendations regarding their use based upon new evidence. Secondary outcome measures include self-reported changes in diagnosis, patient education, prescriptions written, investigations and referrals. DISCUSSION: A trial under experimental conditions is an effective way of examining the impact of using QC in routine general practice consultations.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Do clinicians use online evidence to support patient care? A study of 55,000 clinicians.

OBJECTIVES: To determine clinicians' (doctors', nurses', and allied health professionals') "actual" and "reported" use of a point-of-care online information retrieval system; and to make an assessment of the extent to which use is related to direct patient care by testing two hypotheses: hypothesis 1: clinicians use online evidence primarily to support clinical decisions relating to direct patient care; and hypothesis 2: clinicians use online evidence predominantly for research and continuing education. DESIGN: Web-log analysis of the Clinical Information Access Program (CIAP), an online, 24-hour, point-of-care information retrieval system available to 55,000 clinicians in public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. A statewide mail survey of 5,511 clinicians. MEASUREMENTS: Rates of online evidence searching per 100 clinicians for the state and for the 81 individual hospitals studied; reported use of CIAP by clinicians through a self-administered questionnaire; and correlations between evidence searches and patient admissions. RESULTS: Monthly rates of 48.5 "search sessions" per 100 clinicians and 231.6 text hits to single-source databases per 100 clinicians (n = 619,545); 63% of clinicians reported that they were aware of CIAP and 75% of those had used it. Eighty-eight percent of users reported CIAP had the potential to improve patient care and 41% reported direct experience of this. Clinicians' use of CIAP on each day of the week was highly positively correlated with patient admissions (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). This was also true for all ten randomly selected hospitals. CONCLUSION: Clinicians' online evidence use increases with patient admissions, supporting the hypothesis that clinicians' use of evidence is related to direct patient care. Patterns of evidence use and clinicians' self-reports also support this hypothesis.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of biomedical text-mining systems: lessons learned from information retrieval.

Biomedical text-mining systems have great promise for improving the efficiency and productivity of biomedical researchers. However, such systems are still not in routine use. One impediment to their development is the lack of systematic and rigorous evaluation, comparable to the approaches developed for information retrieval systems. The developers of text-mining systems need to improve both test collections for system-oriented evaluation and undertake user-oriented evaluations to determine the most effective use of their systems for their intended audience.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1975

The first five years of Annals of Clinical Research. Its international use with special reference to citation analysis.

The use of Annals of Clinical Research internationally was studied by citation analysis, its presence in the information retrieval systems and library collections and also by its distribution. According to the journal citation search from ASCA the 308 articles in Annals of Clinical Research published during 1969-73 were cited 297 times between October 1973 and October 1974. The impact factor, ie. the number of citations divided by the number of articles published during 1971-72 was 1,163. Annals of Clinical Research had been mostly cited in the United states, Great Britain, France, Sweden and West-Germany. Occasional citations came from all over the world. It is well included in the biomedical information retrieval systems. On basis of some union catalogues Annals of Clinical Research is in collections of big libraries covering their field widely. 878 subscriptions are distributed to all parts of the world.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Rapid 3D protein structure database searching using information retrieval techniques.

MOTIVATION: As the sizes of three-dimensional (3D) protein structure databases are growing rapidly nowadays, exhaustive database searching, in which a 3D query structure is compared to each and every structure in the database, becomes inefficient. We propose a rapid 3D protein structure retrieval system named 'ProtDex2', in which we adopt the techniques used in information retrieval systems in order to perform rapid database searching without having access to every 3D structure in the database. The retrieval process is based on the inverted-file index constructed on the feature vectors of the relationships between the secondary structure elements (SSEs) of all the 3D protein structures in the database. ProtDex2 is a significant improvement, both in terms of speed and accuracy, upon its predecessor system, ProtDex. RESULTS: The experimental results show that ProtDex2 is very much faster than two well-known protein structure comparison methods, DALI and CE, yet not sacrificing on the accuracy of the comparison. When comparing with a similar SSE-based method, namely TopScan, ProtDex2 is much faster with comparable degree of accuracy. AVAILABILITY: The software is available at: http://xena1.ddns.comp.nus.edu.sg/~genesis/PD2.htm

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Argonaute--a database for gene regulation by mammalian microRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of target genes either by decreasing the stability of the target mRNA or by translational inhibition. They are involved in diverse processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Recent evidence also suggests their importance for cancerogenesis. By far the most important model systems in cancer research are mammalian organisms. Thus, we decided to compile comprehensive information on mammalian miRNAs, their origin and regulated target genes in an exhaustive, curated database called Argonaute (http://www.ma.uni-heidelberg.de/apps/zmf/argonaute/interface). Argonaute collects latest information from both literature and other databases. In contrast to current databases on miRNAs like miRBase::Sequences, NONCODE or RNAdb, Argonaute hosts additional information on the origin of an miRNA, i.e. in which host gene it is encoded, its expression in different tissues and its known or proposed function, its potential target genes including Gene Ontology annotation, as well as miRNA families and proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing. Additionally, target genes are linked to an information retrieval system that provides comprehensive information from sequence databases and a simultaneous search of MEDLINE with all synonyms of a given gene. The web interface allows the user to get information for a single or multiple miRNAs, either selected or uploaded through a text file. Argonaute currently has information on 839 miRNAs from human, mouse and rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Information retrieval in medicine: state of the art.

Conventional information retrieval systems usually involve searching by terms from controlled vocabularies or by individual words in the text. These systems have been commercially successful but are limited by several problems, including cumbersome interfaces and inconsistency with human indexing. Research on methods that automate indexing and retrieval has been performed to address these problems. The three major types of automated systems are vector-based, probabilistic, and linguistic. This article describes these systems and provides an overview of the field of information retrieval in medicine.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1983

Automatic query formulations in information retrieval.

Modern information retrieval systems are designed to supply relevant information in response to requests received from the user population. In most retrieval environments the search requests consist of keywords, or index terms, interrelated by appropriate Boolean operators. Since it is difficult for untrained users to generate effective Boolean search requests, trained search intermediaries are normally used to translate original statements of user need into useful Boolean search formulations. Methods are introduced in this study which reduce the role of the search intermediaries by making it possible to generate Boolean search formulations completely automatically from natural language statements provided by the system patrons. Frequency considerations are used automatically to generate appropriate term combinations as well as Boolean connectives relating the terms. Methods are covered to produce automatic query formulations both in a standard Boolean logic system, as well as in an extended Boolean system in which the strict interpretation of the connectives is relaxed. Experimental results are supplied to evaluate the effectiveness of the automatic query formulation process, and methods are described for applying the automatic query formulation process in practice.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The development of an information resource center for academic family medicine.

The discipline of family medicine covers a broad area of interests which often leads to duplication of information and lack of awareness of useful information resources. In an era of limited financial and time resources, it is in the best interest of large departments to consolidate departmental and scholarly information and to educate faculty members, residents, and medical students in the effective use of information retrieval systems and other sources of information. This paper presents the development of a small departmental center to organize and manage family medicine related information and resources and implementation of that information in the activities of an academic family medicine department to support teaching, research, and patient care.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1983

[Intensification and effectiveness of scientific research in hygiene (several problems of information supply)].

The nature of the concept "intensification" and the notions effect and effectiveness, associated with it are discussed. The nature of the separate kinds effect, obtained in hygienic science are determined - primary (health) and secondary (derivative). Effectiveness is determined on that base - as juxtaposition of the kinds of effects obtained with the resources spent in the field of hygienic science. Studies were carried out on the increased intensity of utilization of information resources as factor for the improvement of effectiveness in hygienic science. The place and role of information - retrieval systems are determined. Numerous concrete information systems are discussed as well as some of the factors in the evaluation of their effectiveness.

Bulgaria↗