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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

ARX-derived auditory evoked potential index and bispectral index during the induction of anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil.

UNLABELLED: A new commercial auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor (A-line AEP monitor) was developed to calculate an index (ARX AEP index; AAI) by automatically using the amplitudes and latencies of the AEP. We investigated 30 patients before spine surgery. AAI; bispectral index (BIS); relative (%) delta, theta, alpha, and beta; spectral edge frequency; median frequency; mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate; and oxygen saturation were obtained simultaneously during stepwise (1.0 micro g/mL) induction of target-controlled propofol concentration until 5.0 micro g/mL, followed by an infusion of 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of remifentanil. Every minute, the patients were asked to squeeze the observer's hand. Prediction probability (Pk), receiver operating characteristic, and logistic regression were used to calculate the probability to predict the conditions AWAKE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS (first loss of hand squeeze), and steady-state ANESTHESIA (5.0 micro g/mL of propofol and 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of remifentanil). Although a statistically significant difference among the conditions was observed for AAI, BIS, mean arterial blood pressure, median frequency, and %alpha, only AAI and BIS were able to distinguish UNCONSCIOUSNESS versus AWAKE and ANESTHESIA versus AWAKE with better than Pk = 0.90. The modern electroencephalographic variables AAI and BIS were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables to distinguish the observed anesthetic conditions. IMPLICATIONS: The modern electroencephalographic ARX-derived auditory evoked potential index and the bispectral index were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables for predicting anesthetic conditions. Variables derived from the auditory evoked potential did not provide an advantage over variables derived from spontaneous electroencephalogram.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cladding mode reorganization in high-refractive-index-coated long-period gratings: effects on the refractive-index sensitivity.

We theoretically and experimentally investigated the reorganization of cladding modes in high-refractive-index- (HRI-) coated long-period gratings (LPGs), focusing on the influence of refractive-index sensitivity. When azimuthally symmetric nanoscale HRI coatings are deposited along LPG devices, a significant modification of the distribution of cladding modes occurs, depending on the layers' features (refractive index and thickness) and on the external refractive index. In particular, if these parameters are properly chosen, a transition between cladding modes and overlay modes occurs. Numerical and experimental effects of the mode transition on the sensitivity of the surrounding refractive index are described.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Utility of a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic performance (Tei index) for detecting hypoxic cardiac damage in newborns.

The purpose of this study was to assess cardiac function of newborns with mild asphyxia by a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic performance (Tei index). We studied 20 preterm infants with mild asphyxia. A control group consisted of 20 gestational age-matched preterm infants without asphyxia. Echocardiograms were performed during the fourth and seventh days after birth. Peak velocities of an early filling wave (E) and an atrial contraction wave (A) were measured from the mitral inflow velocity profile and the ratio of peak E to A was calculated. Ejection time was measured from the left ventricular outflow Doppler signal. The sum of isovolumetric times was obtained by subtracting the ejection time from the interval between cessation and onset of mitral inflow. The index was the sum of isovolumetric times divided by ejection time. Ejection fraction was also calculated. The ratio of peak E to A and ejection fraction were the same in both groups. The myocardial performance index in patients with asphyxia was higher than that in patients without asphyxia. We concluded that patients with mild asphyxia have a mild cardiac dysfunction and this change can be detected by a myocardial performance index.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1999

[Measurement of the quality of life in chronic hepatitis C: validation of a general index and specific index. First French results].

OBJECTIVES: To report the validation of 2 questionnaires of quality of life in chronic hepatitis C and the first results in 100 patients. METHODS: The questionnaire included 118 items and took 30 to 45 minutes to answer. It included a general index, the Nottingham Health Profile, with 38 items in 6 themes (physical mobility, social isolation, emotional reactions, pain, sleep and energy) and a specific index, the Montpellier Specific Index, with 80 items in 7 themes: symptoms, food, alcohol and tobacco, work, relations with other people, perception of disease. RESULTS: The questionnaires were self-administered to the 100 first patients with chronic hepatitis C without cirrhosis before treatment; 55 men, 45 women, average age 40 year-old, median Knodell's score 8 and median METAVIR score A2 F1. Reduction in the quality of life was frequent and was not highly correlated with biological, virological and histological parameters; it was associated with psychological disorders, reduced sexuality and apprehension of the future. CONCLUSION: This study showed the feasibility, validation, sensitivity and agreement of a quality of life questionnaire, which included a general index and a specific index of chronic hepatitis C in France. These initial results must be confirmed in studies during antiviral treatment of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Distribution of feeding index and association between feeding index and growth of infants and young child aged 6 - 24 months].

OBJECTIVE: Data from the Nutrition and Health Survey of the Chinese People on 2002 were use to explore the feasibility of creating a composite feeding index and examine the association between feeding practices and growth of infants and young child. METHODS: The variables used for index were as follows: current breast-feeding, introduction of complementary foods, the past month and feeding frequency. The index was made age specific for 6- to 9-, 9- to 12- and 12- to 24-month-old age groups, age-specific feeding terciles were created to evaluate the association between feeding index and growth. RESULTS: the socres of feeding practice were different significantly between urban and rural. Bivariate analyses showed that feeding practices were strongly and significantly associated with child growth in China, especially with increasing age, the scores of feeding practices were increasing. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that better feeding practices were more important for children of lower socioeconomic status, The data available in CNHS data can be used effectively to create a composite child feeding index which could be targeted by nutrition education and behavior change interventions.

Body Height↗
PubMed1981

[Application of the biotic index and the diversity index to the study of macro-benthons in a river].

Using the Biotic Index and the Diversity Index the results are analysed of a study of the macrobenthic community sampled in the course of one year at three stations along he lowest-lying stretch of the River Simeto. The results obtained from applying the two different indices are not in perfect agreement one with the other. Whereas with the Biotic Index one could be led to consider the fluvial environment situation a good one, the Diversity Index shows the environment to be partially compromised by organic substances. On the basis of results of chemico-physico-microbiological analyses as well as data concerning the nutritive habits of the species found, we conclude that the Diversity Index is a more suitable instrument for measuring the biological reality of the Simeto.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of systolic intervals, cardiac index and systolic index. Changes in frequency induced by a pacemaker].

We have compared the systolic time intervals, cardiac index and stroke index in 15 patients with complete atrio-ventricular block and ventricular rate of less than 50 beats per minute. In all of them we placed a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter into the pulmonary trunk and transvenous temporary pacing in right ventricular cavity. In each patient we have simultaneously measured the systolic time intervals and cardiac output with different pacing rates, ranging between 50 and 120 beats per minute. With increasing heart rates we observed the following: PEP did not suffer significative changes; LVET and QS2 always decreased, and the ratio PEP/LVET increased in a constant manner. We could not find any statistical correlation between cardiac index and PEP/LVET; but the individual correlation between stroke index and PEP/LVET was very significant in each patient (r > -0.900). This proves that PLEP/LVET suffer modifications when changes in heat rate occur due to the LVET which reflects the changes of stroke index. This fact must be kept in mind when drugs which change heart rate without inotropic action are used.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1995

[Muscle enzymes in differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and rhabdomyolysis. Evaluation of the parameter creatine kinase isoenzyme MB index (CKMB index)].

Both serum creatine kinase activity (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB mass concentration (CKMB) may be elevated in patients with either skeletal muscle damage or myocardial infarction. In a prospective study we evaluated the parameter CKMB index in discriminating these different events in 70 hospitalised patients with elevated CK-values, of whom 38 satisfied the WHO criteria for acute myocardial infarction. The sensitivity and specificity of the index for diagnosing myocardial infarction with various cut-off values between negative and positive tests are presented. A maximal CKMB index in a series of blood samples exceeding 5.0 is diagnostic of myocardial infarction, while a maximal value lower than 3.0 virtually excludes this diagnosis. An index of more than 3.0 in a single test makes rhabdomyolysis improbable and is strongly indicative of acute myocardial infarction. We conclude that CKMB index may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction versus muscle damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Peer review in journals indexed in Index Medicus.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether peer review policies are published in English-language journals indexed in Index Medicus and, secondarily, to obtain information on the peer review practices of such journals. DESIGN: Examined one issue of a sample of all journal titles written in English and indexed in Index Medicus, and all indexed English-language journals in four subject fields. A questionnaire was sent to the editors of journals in the subject fields requesting information on their peer review practices. SETTING: Journals received at the National Library of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Editors of journals in four subject fields. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Existence of a printed statement of the peer review process for manuscripts. RESULTS: Although the editors queried in the four subject fields indicated that overall, 56% to 65% of the articles were peer reviewed, clear statements about their peer review practices were not found in half of their journals or in the overall sample. CONCLUSIONS: Editors should publish clear statements of the peer review process followed for each type of article published in their journals.

MEDLARS↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proposal of a concise index for the evaluation of the exposure to repetitive movements of the upper extremity (OCRA index)].

In the light of data and speculation contained in the literature, and based on procedures illustrated in a previous research project in which the authors describe and evaluate occupational risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs (WMSDs), this article proposes a method for calculating a concise index of exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs. The proposal, which still has to be substantiated and validated by further studies and applications, is conceptually based on the procedure recommended by the NIOSH for calculating the Lifting Index in manual load handling activities. The concise exposure index (OCRA index) in this case is based on the relationship between the daily number of actions actually performed by the upper limbs in repetitive tasks, and the corresponding number of recommended actions. The latter are calculated on the basis of a constant (30 actions per minute) which represents the action frequency factor, and is valid-hypothetically-under so-called optimal conditions; the constant is diminished case by case (using appropriate factors) as a function of the presence and characteristics of the other risk factors (force, posture, complementary elements, recovery periods). Although still experimental, the exposure index can be used to obtain an integrated and concise assessment of the various risk factors analysed, and to classify occupational scenarios featuring significant and diversified exposure to such risk factors.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Severity of Illness Index and the Adverse Patient Occurrence Index. A reliability study and policy implications.

Seven hundred fifty-two randomly selected charts from seven teaching hospitals were rated by pairs of medical record analysts. The Severity of Illness Index was unreliable with an interrater-agreement rate of 73% (kappa statistic = 0.41), and demonstrated a significant (P less than 0.0001) association with the Adverse Patient Occurrence (APO) Index. This suggests that the Severity of Illness Index is not differentiating severity of illness from quality of care. The fair to poor field reliability stems from underlying instrument subjectivity, lack of clear referent groups, and time pressure. The APO Index was also found to be unreliable (r = 0.33 and range = -0.05-0.58). Greater attention should be directed to improving objective discharge abstract, billing, and laboratory data for measuring patient severity and adverse patient occurrences.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of the proliferative index as a prognostic factor in diffuse large cell lymphoma: correlation with the International Index.

The reasons for differences in outcome between groups of patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) defined by clinical prognostic factors are largely unknown. Measures of cell proliferation may offer a biological explanation for these differences. This study tested the hypothesis that these survival differences between the groups defined by established prognostic factors were due to the proliferative index. The bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (LI), a measure of the S-phase fraction, was prospectively determined on fresh tumor specimens obtained at initial diagnosis in 80 patients with DLCL seen between 1986-1993 at a single institution. Patients were grouped using prognostic factors that were significant in a univariate analysis as well as the International Index (IPI). The LI in each of these groups was compared to determine whether the differences in outcome between the groups could be explained by differences in the LI. The median LI for all patients was 5.1% (range: 0.1-25%). When the predictive effect of the LI on response and survival was analyzed, the LI did not correlate with complete response or disease-free survival (DFS). There was a trend, however, for patients with a lower LI to have a poorer overall survival (p=0.06). When the patients were analyzed using the International Index (IPI), the mean LI for patients in the low-risk, low-intermediate, high-intermediate and high risk groups was 7.1%, 10.0%, 6.4% and 6.6% respectively (p=0.41). When analyzed separately, there was no significant difference in the LI for any of the patient groups defined by significant prognostic factors. The only difference in the LI was that the median LI in patients with T-cell DLCL was significantly lower than the LI in patients with B-cell DLCL (p=0.001) and these patients had an inferior complete response rate (p=0.001), disease-free survival (p=0.003) and overall survival (p=0.015). In this study, the LI, a measure of lymphoma cell proliferation, was not a significant prognostic factor for response, disease-free survival or overall survival. Furthermore, the LI did not explain the differences in outcome between patient groups defined by the IPI. However, a lower LI seen in patients with T-cell DLCL may account for their poorer response to therapy and inferior survival when compared to patients with B-cell DLCL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Knowledge-based indexing of the medical literature: the Indexing Aid Project.

This article describes the Indexing Aid Project for conducting research in the areas of knowledge representation and indexing for information retrieval in order to develop interactive knowledge-based systems for computer-assisted indexing of the periodical medical literature. The system uses an experimental frame-based knowledge representation language, FrameKit, implemented in Franz Lisp. The initial prototype is designed to interact with trained MEDLINE indexers who will be prompted to enter subject terms as slot values in filling in document-specific frame data structures that are derived from the knowledge-base frames. In addition, the automatic application of rules associated with the knowledge-base frames produces a set of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) keyword indices to the document. Important features of the system are representation of explicit relationships through slots which express the relations; slot values, restrictions, and rules made available by inheritance through "is-a" hierarchies; slot values denoted by functions that retrieve values from other slots; and restrictions on slot values displayable during data entry.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1999

Sensitivity of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Index, and Systemic Lupus Activity Measure in the evaluation of clinical change in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 3 disease activity indices commonly used to evaluate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in adults are sensitive to clinical change in children, and thus suitable for the use in the management of childhood-onset SLE. METHODS: Thirty-five SLE patients who were newly diagnosed between 1993 and 1997, had an age at onset of 6-16 years (26 female and 9 male), and were currently being followed up at The Hospital for Sick Children (followup of 9 months to 4 years) were reviewed. The SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index), BILAG (British Isles Lupus Assessment Group index), and SLAM (Systemic Lupus Activity Measure) were applied at up to 4 occasions during the disease course: at the time of diagnosis, 6 months postdiagnosis, at the time of a flare (a deterioration in clinical presentation or laboratory results requiring initiation or increase of either corticosteroids or "second-line" drugs), and 6 months postflare. The sensitivity of the 3 measures to change, as gauged by the effect size (ES), effect size index (ESI), standard response mean (SRM), responsiveness statistic (RS), and relative efficiency index (REI), were compared. RESULTS: All 3 tools were very sensitive to change in disease activity (ES >0.8, ESI >2.3, SRM >0.6, RS >0.86, REI >0.72), but were ranked differently depending on the statistic used for comparison. CONCLUSION: All 3 measures of disease activity are highly sensitive to clinical change in children; none showed an overall superiority. The SLEDAI, BILAG, and SLAM can all be used to study response to treatment in children with SLE.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (IA-2) autoantibodies index in a regional population is related to glucose intolerance and body mass index.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aims were to investigate the concentrations and prevalence of autoantibodies against the Mr 65.000 isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) and the tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (IA-2) in adults and to test the hypothesis that GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies in a regional population are related to abnormal oral glucose tolerance. METHODS: We analysed serum from 2157 Swedish subjects aged either 30, 40, 50 or 60 years old who, in 1988-1992, participated in the Västerbotten County Health Project and were subjected to the World Health Organisation (WHO) standard oral glucose tolerance test at entry into the study. RESULTS: We found 23 of 2157 (1.1%) and 17 of 2152 (0.8%) subjects exceeded the 99th centile of GAD65 autoantibody index and IA-2 autoantibody index, respectively. In 18 subjects with diabetic oral glucose tolerance test, GAD65 autoantibody concentrations were higher than in those with normal oral glucose tolerance test (p = 0.02). Subjects with IGT (n = 185) [corrected] and diabetes (n = 18), i.e. abnormal OGTT (n = 203) [corrected], had higher GAD65Ab [corrected] index compared with those with normal OGTT (p = 0.026) [corrected]. A stepwise multiple logistic regression test showed that the odds ratios for subjects in the highest BMI group to exceed the 95th or 99th GAD65 autoantibody centile were 3.6 (CI 1.4-8.9) and 17.6 (CI 2.6-121.6), respectively. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies, are associated with impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance in an adult regional population. This observation together with the association between GAD65 autoantibody concentrations and body mass index indicate a possible relation between islet autoimmunity and beta-cell function abnormalities with obesity and insulin resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prognostic indexes in breast cancer: comparison of the Nottingham and Adelaide indexes.

The search for single independent prognostic factors in breast cancer has often produced conflicting results. Therefore, prognostic indexes have been compiled by combining several parameters. In this study we compare the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), which is based on traditional prognostic factors (diameter of the neoplasm, lymph node status and histological grade) with the Adelaide Prognostic Index (API), which is based on the tumour diameter and two biological parameters: oestrogen receptors and cell kinetics. We considered 82 cases of breast cancer observed over the period 1987-1990 with a minimum follow-up of 60 months. The NPI gives a better definition of the prognostic profile for each patient. Our results indicate three prognostic groups (good, moderate, unfavourable), which differ with respect to disease-free survival (DFS; P=0.0024) and overall survival (OS; P=0.0033). In contrast, the API scores showed no significant correlation with OS or DFS. The use of prognostic indexes, especially when compiled using traditional parameters, is a useful aid to the clinician, since they can provide a reliable indication of how individual tumours will evolve.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sedentarism affects body fat mass index and fat-free mass index in adults aged 18 to 98 years.

OBJECTIVE: Body mass index does not discriminate body fat from fat-free mass or determine changes in these parameters with physical activity and aging. Body fat mass index (BFMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) permit comparisons of subjects with different heights. This study evaluated differences in body mass index, BFMI, and FFMI in physically active and sedentary subjects younger and older than 60 y and determined the association between physical activity, age, and body composition parameters in a healthy white population between ages 18 and 98 y. METHODS: Body fat and fat-free mass were determined in healthy white men (n = 3549) and women (n = 3184), between ages 18 and 98 y, by bioelectrical impedance analysis. BFMI and FFMI (kg/m2) were calculated. Physical activity was defined as at least 3 h/wk of endurance-type activity for at least 2 mo. RESULTS: Physically active as opposed to sedentary subjects were more likely to have a low BFMI (men: odds ratio [OR], 1.4; confidence interval [CI], 0.7-2.5; women: OR 1.9, CI 1.6-2.2) and less likely to have very high BFMI (men: OR, 0.2; CI, 0.1-0.2; women: OR, 0.1; CI, 0.02-0.2), low FFMI (men: OR, 0.5; CI, 0.3-0.9; women: OR, 0.7; CI, 0.6-0.9), or very high FFMI (men: OR, 0.6; CI, 0.4-0.8; women: OR, 0.7; CI, 0.5-1.0). Compared with subjects younger than 60 y, those older than 60 y were more like to have very high BFMI (men: OR, 6.5; CI, 4.5-9.3; women: OR, 14.0; CI, 9.6-20.5), and women 60 y and older were less likely to have a low BFMI (OR, 0.4; CI, 0.2-0.5). CONCLUSIONS: A clear association was found between low physical activity or age and height-normalized body composition parameters (BFMI and FFMI) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physically active subjects were more likely to have high or very high or low FFMI. Older subjects had higher body weights and BFMI.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

The interstitial cystitis symptom index and problem index.

OBJECTIVES: To develop 2 brief self-administered indices for measuring lower urinary tract symptoms and their impact in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC). METHODS: An initial set of questions was developed and evaluated in focus groups. The index was revised, shortened, and validated with patients diagnosed in 3 large urologic practices with experience in interstitial cystitis (N = 45). Controls were recruited from a group of healthy volunteers in a gynecology clinic (N = 67). Internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. RESULTS: The IC symptom index and the IC problem index measure urinary and pain symptoms and assesses how problematic symptoms are for patients with interstitial cystitis. Psychometric performance of both instruments is good, with the symptom index demonstrating excellent ability to discriminate characteristics between patients and controls. CONCLUSION: Both indices should be useful in the evaluation and management of patients with IC and should be particularly useful in clinical trials of new therapies for this condition, where reliable, validated, and reproducible outcome measures are critically important.

Cystitis, Interstitial↗