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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[A computer system for the systematization of MR findings in knee joint diseases].

An inexpensive, easy-access computer-based system is proposed, which was developed for the systematization of the clinical series of knee joint disorders studied with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The system is based upon the integration of multimedia technology and Data Base Management Systems (DBMS). The hardware configuration for this project included an Apple Macintosh workstation based on a Motorola 68040 microprocessor and a customized application developed by the authors with the 4th Dimension software. The MR images available only on film were digitized off-line with a solid-state Charge Coupled Device (CCD) scanner with back-light cover for transparency. Otherwise, MR images were acquired on-line through an Ethernet-based local area network from the MR unit or from a SparcStation-Advantage Windows workstation connected with the MR unit. Image post-processing was performed with the Adobe PhotoShop software. The system was devoted to the systematization and analysis of a clinical series of 800 MR studies of the knee. A mean of 10 significant MR images were stored for each examination with a standard image compression algorithm--the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). This permitted us to save the system's storage space and at the same time to preserve image quality for consultation and teaching purposes, not for diagnosis which is made on the backboard or on the MR unit's or Advantage Window's monitor. Finally, MR findings were indexed with a customized check-list specific for knee joint disorders. On the basis of stored and selected information, it was thus possible to carry out a statistical analysis and to make detailed reports which are useful for scientific purposes, such as the preparation of lectures and papers. Moreover, the system was very useful for patients' follow-up and for the preparation of hypermedia teaching applications on knee joint disorders which are available on the Internet at our World-Wide Web server (URL: http://mbox.unipa.it/radpa/radpa ++ +.html). In conclusion, the system is a cost-effective and user-friendly solution for the multipurpose management of radiologic series.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[CASUS model trial. A computer-assisted author system for problem-oriented learning in medicine].

The CASUS-project, a three year publicly funded effort to improve the quality of continuing medical education in Germany, has one major goal: The development and evaluation of an easy-to-handle author-system for problem-oriented learning in medicine. On the theoretical basis of the cognitive apprenticeship-approach, the concept of a teaching and learning database as a hypermedia system was built. The student should learn to manage authentical problems in the form of authentical clinical cases. The step-by-step learning process is expert-guided by the clinical authors of each case. The creation of various differential diagnoses by the learner is strongly supported in the process. The structure of the program can also be used for case-based examinations. In parallel to the technical development, a case-selection process for medical students students in internal medicine was initiated. About 120 relevant diseases were identified to be represented in the CASUS-case library. Prevalence, transferability of knowledge, treatability, urgence of treatment and preventive aspects were used as selection criteria. The system will be evaluated during the implementation of test cases and will then be available to be used by authors and students on a routine basis in 1997.

Authorship↗
PubMed1998

Canopy computing: using the Web in clinical practice.

The rain forest canopy is a seamless web through which arboreal creatures efficiently move to reach the edible fruits without any attention to the individual trees. Individual health care computer systems are rich with patient data, but rather than a canopy linking all the trees in the forest, the data "fruit" come from a diverse forest of individual computer "trees"-laboratory systems, word processing systems, pharmacy systems, and the like. These different sources of patient information are difficult or impossible to reach by individual physicians, especially from their offices. The World Wide Web and other standardization technology provide physicians and their institutions the tools needed for seamless and secure access to their patients' data and to medical information, when and where they need it. We and others have adopted these tools to combine independent sources of clinical data. Physicians who assist in the purchase of clinical information systems should demand products in their practice settings that are Web enabled, use standard coding systems, and communicate with other computer systems via broadly accepted protocols.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed1999

AnatomyBrowser: A novel approach to visualization and integration of medical information.

In this article, we present a novel technique for visualization of three-dimensional (3D) surface models, as well as its implementation in a system called AnatomyBrowser. Using our approach, visualization of 3D surface models is performed in two separate steps: a pre-rendering step, in which the models are rendered and saved in a special format, and an actual display step, in which the final result of rendering is generated using information from the prerendering step. Whereas prerendering requires high-end graphics hardware, the final image generation and display can be implemented efficiently in software. Moreover, our current implementation of AnatomyBrowser interface uses the Java programming language and can therefore be readily run on a wide range of systems, including low-end computers with no special graphics hardware. In addition to visualization of 3D models and 2D slices, AnatomyBrowser provides a rich set of annotation and cross-referencing capabilities. We demonstrate several possible applications for AnatomyBrowser, including interactive anatomy atlases, surgery planning, and assistance in segmentation.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1997

Using hypertext and the Internet for structure and management of observational studies.

The evolution of computer and communications systems in the past decade brings new opportunities for increased efficiency and accuracy of observational studies. In ongoing, large scale research studies, the problem of bridging organizational and analytical methods of the past to modern methods of data structure and control can consume considerable effort. A model for information flow in an observational study is sketched, and the flow is found inherently complex. This complexity and corresponding managerial demands are compounded by database file proliferation and by evolution of system hardware and software. Interactive, network-based database mapping and documentation tools are described as currently implemented in an SAS-based system for the management and analysis of several large epidemiologic studies.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

MASCOT HTML and XML parser: an implementation of a novel object model for protein identification data.

Protein identification using MS is an important technique in proteomics as well as a major generator of proteomics data. We have designed the protein identification data object model (PDOM) and developed a parser based on this model to facilitate the analysis and storage of these data. The parser works with HTML or XML files saved or exported from MASCOT MS/MS ions search in peptide summary report or MASCOT PMF search in protein summary report. The program creates PDOM objects, eliminates redundancy in the input file, and has the capability to output any PDOM object to a relational database. This program facilitates additional analysis of MASCOT search results and aids the storage of protein identification information. The implementation is extensible and can serve as a template to develop parsers for other search engines. The parser can be used as a stand-alone application or can be driven by other Java programs. It is currently being used as the front end for a system that loads HTML and XML result files of MASCOT searches into a relational database. The source code is freely available at http://www.ccbm.jhu.edu and the program uses only free and open-source Java libraries.

Databases, Protein↗
PubMed1998

Developing online support for clinical information system developers: the FAQ approach.

OBJECTIVE: We investigate a knowledge-based help system for developers of an integrated clinical information system (CIS). The first objective in the study was to determine the system's ability to answer users' questions effectively. User performance and behavior were studied. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of using questions and answers to augment or replace traditional program documentation. DESIGN: A comparative study of user and system effectiveness using a collection of 47 veritable questions regarding the CIS, solicited from various CIS developers, is conducted. Most questions were concerning the clinical data model and acquiring the data. MEASUREMENTS: Answers using current documentation known by users were compared to answers found using the help system. Answers existing within traditional documentation were compared to answers existing within question-answer exchanges (Q-A's). RESULTS: The support system augmented 39% of users' answers to test questions. Though the Q-A's were less than 5% of the total documentation collected, these files contained answers to nearly 50% of the questions in the test group. The rest of the documentation contained about 75% of the answers. CONCLUSIONS: A knowledge-based help system built by collecting questions and answers can be a viable alternative to large documentation files, providing the questions and answers can be collected effectively.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visualizing 3D data obtained from microscopy on the Internet.

The Internet is a powerful communication medium increasingly exploited by business and science alike, especially in structural biology and bioinformatics. The traditional presentation of static two-dimensional images of real-world objects on the limited medium of paper can now be shown interactively in three dimensions. Many facets of this new capability have already been developed, particularly in the form of VRML (virtual reality modeling language), but there is a need to extend this capability for visualizing scientific data. Here we introduce a real-time isosurfacing node for VRML, based on the marching cube approach, allowing interactive isosurfacing. A second node does three-dimensional (3D) texture-based volume-rendering for a variety of representations. The use of computers in the microscopic and structural biosciences is extensive, and many scientific file formats exist. To overcome the problem of accessing such data from VRML and other tools, we implemented extensions to SGI's IFL (image format library). IFL is a file format abstraction layer defining communication between a program and a data file. These technologies are developed in support of the BioImage project, aiming to establish a database prototype for multidimensional microscopic data with the ability to view the data within a 3D interactive environment.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

MR image reconstruction algorithms for sparse k-space data: a Java-based integration.

We have worked on multi-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquisition and related image reconstruction methods that aim at reducing the MRI scan time. To achieve this scan-time reduction we have combined the approach of 'increasing the speed' of k-space acquisition with that of 'deliberately omitting' acquisition of k-space trajectories (sparse sampling). Today we have a whole range of (sparse) sampling distributions and related reconstruction methods. In the context of a European Union Training and Mobility of Researchers project we have decided to integrate all methods into one coordinating software system. This system meets the requirements that it is highly structured in an object-oriented manner using the Unified Modeling Language and the Java programming environment, that it uses the client-server approach, that it allows multi-client communication sessions with facilities for sharing data and that it is a true distributed computing system with guaranteed reliability using core activities of the Java Jini package.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Multiple descriptions based wavelet image coding.

We present a simple and efficient scheme that combines multiple descriptions coding with wavelet transform under JPEG2000 image coding architecture. To reduce packet losses, controlled amounts of redundancy are added to the wavelet transform coefficients to produce multiple descriptions of wavelet coefficients during the compression process to produce multiple descriptions bit-stream of a compressed image. Even if a receiver gets only parts of descriptions (other descriptions being lost), it can still reconstruct image with acceptable quality. Specifically, the scheme uses not only high-performance wavelet transform to improve compression efficiency, but also multiple descriptions technique to enhance the robustness of the compressed image that is transmitted through unreliable network channels.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

The Conquest Hospital picture archiving and communications system development, 1992 to 1999.

Conquest Hospital was a UK regional development site for a pre-Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The initial system was installed in mid 1992. Identification has been made of data transfer, ergonomic and single point of failure issues in the original PACS, which was called "iLAN." This has informed respecification of a DICOM/HTML PACS, the first stages of which have been hospital renetworking and installation of new DICOM 3.0 computed radiography/fluorography and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging segments. Final PACS elements are at contract stage. Plans are being completed for linkage of PACS to a clinical information system to create a comprehensive electronic patient record system.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

Numeric and symbolic knowledge representation of cerebral cortex anatomy: methods and preliminary results.

The human cerebral cortex anatomy describes the brain organization at the scale of gyri and sulci. It is used as landmarks for neurosurgery as well as localization support for functional data analysis or inter-subject data comparison. Existing models of the cortex anatomy either rely on image labeling but fail to represent variability and structural properties or rely on a conceptual model but miss the inner 3D nature and relations of anatomical structures. This study was therefore conducted to propose a model of sulco-gyral anatomy for the healthy human brain. We hypothesized that both numeric knowledge (i.e., image-based) and symbolic knowledge (i.e., concept-based) have to be represented and coordinated. In addition, the representation of this knowledge should be application-independent in order to be usable in various contexts. Therefore, we devised a symbolic model describing specialization, composition and spatial organization of cortical anatomical structures. We also collected numeric knowledge such as 3D models of shape and shape variation about cortical anatomical structures. For each numeric piece of knowledge, a companion file describes the concept it refers to and the nature of the relationship. Demonstration software performs a mapping between the numeric and the symbolic aspects for browsing the knowledge base.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1999

World Wide Web and Internet: applications for radiologists.

Global exchange of information is one of the major sources of scientific progress in medicine. For management of the rapidly growing body of medical information, computers and their applications have become an indispensable scientific tool. Approximately 36 million computer users are part of a worldwide network called the Internet or "information highway" and have created a new infrastructure to promote rapid and efficient access to medical, and thus also to radiological, information. With the establishment of the World Wide Web (WWW) by a consortium of computer users who used a standardized, nonproprietary syntax termed HyperText Markup Language (HTML) for composing documents, it has become possible to provide interactive multimedia presentations to a wide audience. The extensive use of images in radiology makes education, worldwide consultation (review) and scientific presentation via the Internet a major beneficiary of this technical development. This is possible, since both information (text) as well as medical images can be transported via the Internet. Presently, the Internet offers an extensive database for radiologists. Since many radiologists and physicians have to be considered "Internet novices" and, hence, cannot yet avail themselves of the broad spectrum of the Internet, the aim of this article is to present a general introduction to the WWW/Internet and its applications for radiologists. All Internet sites mentioned in this article can be found at the following Internet address: http://www.univie.ac. at/radio/radio.html (Department of Radiology, University of Vienna)

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Learning about the dynamic swallowing process using an interactive multimedia program.

The management of dysphagia is the largest recognized subspecialty in the field of speech-language pathology. Practicing speech-language pathologists require a comprehensive theoretical and functional knowledge base to underpin the safe and effective management of people with dysphagia. Students need to develop an understanding of the normal integrated swallow and how it can be affected to appreciate the assessment or treatment of dysphagia. Although students are well motivated to learn this material, assimilating knowledge of the dynamic nature of the swallow has typically been problematic because of its complex character. The limitations of currently available teaching resources have been addressed by the production of an interactive multimedia program that includes integrated presentation of text, graphics, voice-overs, and video and animation sequences to highlight various aspects of the swallowing process. Students can selectively manipulate parts of this process to understand the normal swallow and to simulate different aspects of dysfunction and the consequent effects on swallow safety and efficiency. Feedback from students, faculty, and experts has demonstrated that The Dynamic Swallow would be a valued tool in the teaching of dysphagia.

CD-ROM↗