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PubMed1993

Influence of hypercholesterolemia on adrenal steroid metabolism and electrolyte balance in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are frequently associated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The interactions between hypercholesterolemia and the regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure are poorly understood. In this study we investigated the effects of hypercholesterolemia on salt metabolism and its hormonal control mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Six-week-old SHR were randomly assigned to either a high (1%) cholesterol diet or a matched regular diet for 6 weeks, followed by a 2-week dietary washout. A group of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats received the high cholesterol diet and was used as a control. Plasma cholesterol increased significantly (P < 0.001) in both cholesterol-fed SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Blood pressure was unaffected by 6 weeks of a high cholesterol diet. Hypercholesterolemia caused a significant increase in aldosterone (by analysis of variance: F = 8.40; P < 0.01) associated with a significant decrease in corticosterone (F = 4.64; P < 0.05) in the SHR, but not in the normotensive rats. In addition, in the cholesterol-fed SHR, urinary sodium excretion was reduced (P < 0.01), and the urinary potassium/sodium ratio was increased (P < 0.01) compared to those in the remaining groups of rats. The hormonal and urinary differences between the hypertensive subgroups were not detectable after withdrawal of cholesterol. These results demonstrate that diet-induced hypercholesterolemia specifically promotes reversible mineralocorticoid accumulation and sodium retention in SHR.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2003

Hypercholesterolemia and obesity in adult patients with hypopituitarism: a report of a nation-wide survey in Japan.

Dyslipidemia and obesity are common in adult patients with hypopituitarism. Possible contributions of age, sex and hormone deficiencies to hypercholesterolemia and obesity in adult hypopituitary patients were analyzed in 1, 272 Japanese cases based on a database of a national survey on adult hypopituitarism. In patients on routine hormone replacement therapy, 30.5% of male and 40.7% of female subjects were considered hypercholesterolemic. In univariate analysis, hypercholesterolemia was more prevalent in female, aged, untreated Gn-deficient and TSH-deficient groups. In multivariate analysis, sex of female, age older than 40 yr and TSH deficiency were the independent contributing factors to hypercholesterolemia. Obesity (body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg/m2) was more prevalent in male, TSH-deficient and ADH-deficient groups. Severe obesity (BMI > or = 30) was observed in high prevalence in the youngest group. These findings suggest that hypercholesterolemia and obesity were prevalent in different age and gender groups in Japanese adult patients with hypopituitarism. Insufficient replacement of thyroid hormone and possibly gonadotropin deficiency might contribute to hypercholesterolemia. In contrast, hypothalamic dysfunction as well as hormone deficiencies might play roles in obesity in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Hypercholesterolemia and its risk factors among schoolchildren].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors of hypercholesterolemia among schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 years, Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among 172 children matched by sex and age +/-3 months in Campinas, Brazil. Cases were defined as hypercholesterolemia when cholesterol (3)200 mg/dL and controls when cholesterol 140 and 170 mg/dL. Besides drawing a blood sample for cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index and family history of cardiovascular diseases were documented. Data were analyzed through bivariate correlation using t-test for quantitative variables and Chi-square for family history of cardiovascular diseases. Odds ratio was used to estimate the risk of hypercholesterolemia. RESULTS: On average, a cholesterol of 215 mg/dL for cases and 154 mg/dL for controls was found. The mean systolic blood pressure was 107 mmHg for cases and 106 mmHg for controls. The mean of diastolic blood pressure was 67 mmHg for cases and 68 mmHg for controls. The mean body mass index was 18.2 kg/m(2) in the case-group and 17.1 kg/m(2) in the control group. Bivariate analysis showed an association between hypercholesterolemia and body mass index (p=0.048). The odds ratio revealed obesity as a risk factor in this study population (OR=2.17; CI=1.05 to 4.45). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed obesity as a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prolonged hypercholesterolemia induces reversible alterations in venous vasomotor function.

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with altered arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. This study examines the influence of hypercholesterolemia on external jugular venous endothelial and smooth muscle cell vasoreactivity. Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits received a 1% cholesterol diet: in nine animals, this diet was continued until harvest at 8 weeks (hypercholesterolemic group), but in the other nine animals, the diet was changed to standard rabbit chow after 4 weeks and continued for a further 4 weeks (cholesterol reduction group). The change in the diet resulted in a 70% decrease in serum cholesterol concentration. Eight animals received standard rabbit chow for 8 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia induced hypersensitivity and increased maximal contractions to norepinephrine and endothelin-1. In addition, the maximal response to bradykinin increased, and a contraction to serotonin was induced in the veins from the hypercholesterolemic animals. Cholesterol reduction induced bradykinin hypersensitivity but had no effect on endothelin-1 sensitivity. Norepinephrine hypersensitivity returned to normal and the serotonin response disappeared. A decrease in the maximal contractile responses to these agonists was also observed. Hypercholesterolemia interfered with dose-dependent, EDRF (endothelium derived relaxing factor)-mediated relaxation induced by acetylcholine but, following the reduction of serum cholesterol, normal acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation returned. Non-endothelium-dependent relaxation to sodium nitroprusside of precontracted veins was unaffected by the presence of high cholesterol concentrations. There were no morphological changes apparent in the veins of either the hypercholesterolemic or the cholesterol reduction groups. In conclusion, this study suggests that hypercholesterolemia induces reversible functional abnormalities in venous tissue and this ability of the jugular veins to recover may be, in part, linked to the lack of morphological changes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strength training and hypercholesterolemia: an epidemiologic study of 8499 employed men.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the relation between the quantity of strength training and hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dl) in men. A secondary objective was to ascertain the effects of age, smoking, alcohol use, body mass, and participation in physical activities other than strength training on the association between strength training and hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional research design was used. SETTING: Data were collected at the worksites of subjects throughout the United States. SUBJECTS: The participants were 8499 male employees of more than 50 companies. MEASURES: Blood was drawn while the subjects were in a fasting state, and a questionnaire was used to collect the demographic and lifestyle information, including the data about strength training. The subjects were divided into five groups according to their self-reported duration and frequency (i.e., quantity) of participation in strength training. RESULTS: Subjects who reported regular involvement in strength training had a reduced risk of hypercholesterolemia. However, after controlling for all the potential confounders, only the high-quantity lifters, those who completed 4 to 7 hours of strength training each week, maintained a reduced risk of hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality strength training is strongly associated with a reduced risk of hypercholesterolemia, even after controlling for numerous, potentially confounding factors (odds ratio = .46; 95% confidence interval = .23 to .91).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between isolated hypercholesterolemia, isolated hypertriglyceridemia and coronary artery disease in south Indian type 2 diabetic patients.

Very high prevalence rates of coronary artery disease have been reported among Indians. The aim of this study was to determine the relative importance of isolated hypercholesterolemia, isolated hypertriglyceridemia, isolated high low-density lipoprotein and isolated low high-density lipoprotein in coronary artery disease among South Indian type 2 diabetic subjects. The study group comprised of 17,885 type 2 diabetic patients attending our institute. A history of documented myocardial infarction was considered as the diagnostic criteria for coronary artery disease. Isolated hypercholesterolemia was defined as serum cholesterol over 200 mg/dL with normal serum triglyceride levels (< or = 200 mg/dL); isolated hypertriglyceridemia was defined as serum triglyceride level over 200 mg/dL with normal serum cholesterol levels (< or = 200 mg/dL). Isolated low high-density lipoprotein was defined as one below 35 mg/dL with normal serum triglyceride levels. Isolated high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was defined as one over 150 mg/dL with normal serum triglyceride levels. Normolipidemia was defined as serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride both upto 200 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein 35 mg/dL or above and low-density lipoprotein upto 150 mg/dL. The prevalence of coronary artery disease was significantly high among patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia (4.1%; p < 0.001), isolated high low-density lipoprotein (4.5%; p < 0.001) and isolated low high-density lipoprotein (3.9%; p = 0.005) compared to normolipidemic individuals (2.8%), but not in those with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (3.4%). The odds ratios for coronary artery disease increased with each quartiles of isolated cholesterol, isolated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio and reached statistical significance in the last quartile (p < 0.05). There was no significant increase in the odds ratios for coronary artery disease in relation to quartiles of isolated triglycerides. For isolated low high-density lipoprotein, when the last quartile was taken as the reference, the odds ratio for coronary artery disease in the first quartile reached statistical significance (p = 0.03). Multivariate regression analysis revealed age (odds ratio 1.06; p < 0.001), male sex (odds ratio 1.7; p < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio 1.26; p = 0.07) and high low-density lipoprotein levels (odds ratio 1.22; p = 0.043) to be strongly associated with coronary artery disease. Among South Indian type 2 diabetic subjects, serum isolated hypercholesterolemia and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not isolated hypertriglyceridemia appear to be associated with coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Changes in the activity of platelet L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in hypercholesterolemia patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of the platelet L-arginine (L-Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in hypercholesterolemia patients. METHODS: The platelet NO production in 21 hypercholesterolemia (HC) patients and 26 normal individuals was assayed by spectrum, the NOS activity and the transportation of L-Arg were determined by (3)H-labelled L-Arg. RESULTS: The NO production in hypercholesterolemic platelets [(24.06 +/- 3.70) nmol/10(8) platelets] was decreased significantly as compared with normal controls [(28.39 +/- 4.45) nmol/10(8) platelets] (P < 0.01), and so did the NOS activity [(1.46 +/- 0.47) pmol/10(8) platelets] vs (1.81 +/- 0.50) pmol/10(8) platelets]. The transportation of L-Arg by hypercholesterolemia platelets also decreased significantly than that by normal controls. The Vmax in the former [(46.84 +/- 3.39) pmol x (10(7) platelets)(-1) x min(-1)] was significantly lower than that in the latter [(53.89 +/- 3.45) pmol x (10(7) platelets)(-1) x min(-1)]. There was no difference between the two groups in K(d) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The activity of the L-arg/NO pathway in hypercholesterolemia platelets is decreased significantly as compared with normal controls, implying that it is probably one of the reasons for the hyperactivity of hypercholesterolemia platelets.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Incidence and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Portugal: a systematic review. Part I.

INTRODUCTION: Over 50% of the mortality and disability caused by ischemic heart disease and stroke could be avoided by controlling individual risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and obesity). The ignorance of the extent and impact of hypercholesterolemia (HC) in Portugal prompted us to undertake this systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of hyperlipidemia in Portugal, based exclusively on work published nationally. METHODS: We included every study published in the country that could provide data on the prevalence or incidence of hypercholesterolemia. The search strategy included an electronic search of national and international biomedical databases (Medline, Index Revistas Médicas Portuguesas, the Portuguese Directorate-General for Health and the Portuguese National School of Public Health), screening of reference lists from the individual studies, and personal contacts with institutions, groups and authors (such as the Portuguese Foundation of Cardiology). The data--recorded in electronic format--was collected independently by two of the authors (JC and MB), with consensus achieved with a third (AVC) when there were differences in the study coding. RESULTS: We could only identify one paper on the incidence of HC in Portugal, which gave an incidence of 559 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, increasing with age up to 54 years for men and 64 years for women. There was a higher incidence in men than in women up to the age of 54, but at more advanced ages this relationship was reversed. Prevalence studies on HC included 53,445 individuals overall, with sample size lower than 1000 in most of the individual studies. The most frequently used criterion for HC was > 200 mg/dL, with the mean level being higher in most studies. We calculated the mean prevalence for several cut-off points (190 mg/dL: 63.8%; 200 mg/dL: 56.7%; 240 mg/dL: 31.7%; 250 mg/dL: 21%). Due to the heterogeneity of the data, these results are to be interpreted with caution, even though they are consistent across individual studies. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) was highly variable across studies. Most of them used a baseline criterion of 150 mg/dL (11-26%) or 200 mg/dL (8.9-33.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the obvious heterogeneity and a certain paucity of studies, we found consistent results concerning the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Portugal, and we can state that this constitutes a serious health problem in our country. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was higher than that of arterial hypertension in our population. The results of this study should serve as a basis for a commitment to action from the health authorities and health professionals as well as patients.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Incidence and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Portugal: a systemic review. Part II.

INTRODUCTION: Over 50% of the mortality and disability caused by ischemic heart disease and stroke could be avoided by controlling individual risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and obesity). The ignorance of the extent and impact of hypercholesterolemia (HC) in Portugal prompted us to undertake this systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of hyperlipidemia in Portugal, based exclusively on work published nationally. METHODS: We included every study published in the country that could provide data on the prevalence or incidence of hypercholesterolemia. The search strategy included an electronic search of national and international biomedical databases (Medline, Index Revistas Médicas Portuguesas, the Portuguese Directorate-General for Health and the Portuguese National School of Public Health), screening of reference lists from the individual studies, and personal contacts with institutions, groups and authors (such as the Portuguese Foundation of Cardiology). The data--recorded in electronic format--was collected independently by two of the authors (JC and MB), with consensus achieved with a third (AVC) when there were differences in the study coding. RESULTS: We could only identify one paper on the incidence of HC in Portugal, which gave an incidence of 559 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, increasing with age up to 54 years for men and 64 years for women. There was a higher incidence in men than in women up to the age of 54, but at more advanced ages this relationship was reversed. Prevalence studies on HC included 53,445 individuals overall, with sample size lower than 1000 in most of the individual studies. The most frequently used criterion for HC was > 200 mg/dL, with the mean level being higher in most studies. We calculated the mean prevalence for several cut-off points (190 mg/dL: 63.8%; 200 mg/dL: 56.7%; 240 mg/dL: 31.7%; 250 mg/dL: 21%). Due to the heterogeneity of the data, these results are to be interpreted with caution, even though they are consistent across individual studies. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) was highly variable across studies. Most of them used a baseline criterion of 150 mg/dL (11-26%) or 200 mg/dL (8.9-33.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the obvious heterogeneity and a certain paucity of studies, we found consistent results concerning the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Portugal, and we can state that this constitutes a serious health problem in our country. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was higher than that of arterial hypertension in our population. The results of this study should serve as a basis for a commitment to action from the health authorities and health professionals as well as patients.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Incidence and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Portugal: a systematic review. Part III.

INTRODUCTION: Over 50% of the mortality and disability caused by ischemic heart disease and stroke could be avoided by controlling individual risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and obesity). The ignorance of the extent and impact of hypercholesterolemia (HC) in Portugal prompted us to undertake this systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of hyperlipidemia in Portugal, based exclusively on work published nationally. METHODS: We included every study published in the country that could provide data on the prevalence or incidence of hypercholesterolemia. The search strategy included an electronic search of national and international biomedical databases (Medline, Index Revistas Médicas Portuguesas, the Portuguese Directorate-General for Health and the Portuguese National School of Public Health), screening of reference lists from the individual studies, and personal contacts with institutions, groups and authors (such as the Portuguese Foundation of Cardiology). The data--recorded in electronic format--was collected independently by two of the authors (JC and MB), with consensus achieved with a third (AVC) when there were differences in the study coding. RESULTS: We could only identify one paper on the incidence of HC in Portugal, which gave an incidence of 559 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, increasing with age up to 54 years for men and 64 years for women. There was a higher incidence in men than in women up to the age of 54, but at more advanced ages this relationship was reversed. Prevalence studies on HC included 53,445 individuals overall, with sample size lower than 1000 in most of the individual studies. The most frequently used criterion for HC was > 200 mg/dL, with the mean level being higher in most studies. We calculated the mean prevalence for several cut-off points (> or = 190 mg/dL: 63.8%; > or = 200 mg/dL: 56.7%; > or = 240 mg/dL; 31.7%; > or 250 mg/d; 21%). Due to the heterogeneity of the data, these results are to be interpreted with caution, even though they are consistent across individual studies. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) was highly variable across studies. Most of them used a baseline criterion of 150 mg/dL (11-26%) or > or = 200 mg/dL (8.9-33.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the obvious heterogeneity and a certain paucity of studies, we found consistent results concerning the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Portugal, and we can state that this constitutes a serious health problem in our country. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was higher than that of arterial hypertension in our population. The results of this study should serve as a basis for a commitment to action from the health authorities and health professionals as well as patients.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Hypocholesterolemic activity of some novel azetidin-2-ones in diet and diabetes induced hypercholesterolemia in rats.

Some novel substituted azetidin-2-ones (5-8) were synthesized via [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of imines and ketenes and evaluated for their ability to prevent diet and diabetes induced hypercholesterolemia. The test compounds 5a and 7a significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the rise in serum total cholesterol induced by peanut oil (5.5%), cholesterol (1.5%) and cholic acid (0.5%) diet in both acute and chronic models in a dose dependent manner. Compound 5a also raised the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in chronic diet models by peanut oil (5.5%), cholesterol (1.5%) and cholic acid (0.5%). In a diabetes induced model of hypercholesterolemia, the test compounds were evaluated for preventing diabetes-induced hypercholesterolemia (protocol 1) as well as for lowering post diabetic hypercholesterolemia (protocol 2). Test compounds 5a-g and 7a-d significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol with a greater reduction in protocol 1 as compared with protocol 2. Based on SAR studies, the substituents that favor hypocholesterolemic activity around the azetidin-2-one nucleus are discussed and a possible mechanism of action is proposed on the basis of their differential effects in two protocols of diabetes-induced hypercholesterolemia.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Xanthomatosis and extreme hypercholesterolemia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Total reversibility following surgical treatment of iatrogenous stenosis of the common bile duct].

INTRODUCTION: Hypercholesterolemia and xanthomatosis are known complications of chronic cholestasis. This is the first report on xanthomatosis and severe hypercholesterolemia caused by common bile duct stenosis following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. CASE REPORT: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in a 32-year old woman because of numerous tiny gallstones. Bile leakage was observed in the early postoperative period which stopped spontaneously. Six months later itching, progressively increasing serum bilirubin level, cholestasis syndrome, xanthelasma and widespread eruptive xanthomatosis developed in a few months. The cholesterol level was extremely high (92.3 mmol/l), while the triglyceride level was normal. Though the ultrasound and the cholangio-MR did not showed any dilatation of bile ducts, the ERCP verified a 2 mm long, hair's-breadth thin stenosis of choledochus in the level of cystic duct. Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis were excluded, no evidence for familial hypercholesterolemia was found. Choledochojejunostomy was performed and the patient became complaint- and symptom-free within two months. All xanthomas disappeared, the extremely high cholesterol level gradually decreased to the normal level, and all the laboratory data became normal. The anticholesterol antibody level was undetectable at presentation, but later reached the level of the healthy controls. CONCLUSION: The presented case is an example for laparoscopic cholecystectomy caused bile duct stenosis and for extra-hepatic cholestasis induced xanthomatosis and severe hypercholesterolemia. The bile leakage as early complication of bile duct damage may predict the later developed stenosis. Even severe xanthomatosis and extreme hypercholesterolemia can be totally reversible following elimination of biliary obstacle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between hypercholesterolemia and vitamin C deficient diet].

The deficiency of ascorbic acid in the diet affects the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl-transferase enzyme and transformation of cholesterol to its main catabolic product the biliary acids. Fifteen patients with normal blood levels of cholesterol and fifteen patients with hypercholesterolemia were submitted to a comparative study as to the dietary ingestion of ascorbic acid. Besides this the presence of the varicosity of the sublingual vein--indicating hypovitaminosis C--was investigated in both groups of patients. The "t" Student test and Control-Case test of the results showed that regarding the cholesterol level there was a significant difference between the patients with hypercholesterolemia (422 +/- 116.2018 mg/100 ml) and those with normal cholesterolemia (160.73 +/- 29.5356 mg/100 ml). The ingestion of ascorbic acid in he diet of the normal cholesterolemia group was found to be significantly higher than that of patients with hypercholesterolemia. The ingestion of cholesterol was high in the group of patients with hypercholesterolemia but in comparison with other groups there was no significant difference. The varicosity of the sublingual vein was observed with significantly higher frequency (p < 0.0001) in the group of patients with hypercholesterolemia and lower ingestion of ascorbic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Thrombin-induced inositol phosphate production by platelets from rats with diet-induced or genetically determined hypercholesterolemia.

Platelets from rats with diet-induced or genetically determined hypercholesterolemia are hypersensitive to thrombin through a pathway that is independent of the effects of released ADP or formation of thromboxane A2. We examined production of inositol phosphates by platelets from these hypercholesterolemic rats to determine whether the enhanced responsiveness to thrombin is associated with increased production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3). The opportunity to study rats with hypercholesterolemia determined genetically or induced by diet makes it possible to determine whether any differences in inositol phosphate production are caused by hypercholesterolemia alone rather than to any other effect of the diet used to induce hypercholesterolemia. Platelets were prelabeled with [3H]inositol so that increases in inositol phosphates (IP, IP2, and IP3) upon stimulation with thrombin could be assessed by measuring the amount of label in these compounds. Platelets were preincubated with CP/CPK, to inhibit effects of released ADP, and aspirin, to inhibit formation of thromboxane A2/endoperoxides. In platelets from rats with either form of hypercholesterolemia, the percentage increase in labeling of IP3 was significantly greater 30 seconds after stimulation with low concentrations of thrombin than in platelets from control rats. Increased IP3 formation in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rats indicates that there is increased activity of a pathway(s) leading to IP3 formation and that this may be a mechanism responsible for the thrombin-induced hypersensitivity of these platelets.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation, alpha-tocopherol and their combination on lipoprotein lipid metabolism in the blood plasma of rabbits with hypercholesterolemia].

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) led to acceleration of free-radical oxidation of blood plasma lipids, reduction of the fraction of linoleic acid residues in phospholipids, and inhibition of the fractional rate of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase reaction in rabbits with severe hypercholesterolemia. In group 2 of rabbits with similar hypercholesterolemia administration of alpha-tocopherol increased the content of high density lipoprotein phospholipids, the activity of hepatic endothelial lipase and the cholesterol esterifying activity of blood plasma, and accelerated hypercholesterolemia regression. Combination of HBO and alpha-tocopherol in group 3 of rabbits with hyper-cholesterolemia decelerated the accumulation of the products of free-radical oxidation in blood plasma; the activity of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase reaction increased in this case, while the regression of hypercholesterolemia was accelerated. It is concluded that some unfavourable changes of lipid metabolism occurring under the effect of HBO in hypercholesterolemia can be corrected with alpha-tocopherol.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Hypercholesterolemia. Use of laboratory analysis].

The article summarizes the use of laboratory analysis as described in the recently published Norwegian program for diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults. Serum cholesterol is used both to diagnose hypercholesterolemia and to monitor the effect of treatment. Serum triglycerides should be measured when hypercholesterolemia has been found and dietetic treatment is considered. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol should be measured when dietetic treatment has not reduced hypercholesterolemia sufficiently and drug treatment is considered. We do not at present recommend measurement of apolipoproteins and factors within coagulation/fibrinolysis, but such measurements might be of importance in the near future. Blood cholesterol exhibits large biological variations, which makes retesting necessary before hypercholesterolemia is diagnosed. Analytical variation is usually less than biological variation, but requires use of quality control materials. This control is equally important for small dry chemistry analyzers as for wet chemistry analyzers.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1994

Antiplatelet effects of ticlopidine are reduced in experimental hypercholesterolemia.

This study determines the antiplatelet effects of oral ticlopidine (100 mg/kg x day) in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Rabbits were fed either a standard diet or a cholesterol-enriched diet (0.5% for 3 months, 1% for 1 month). In normocholesterolemic controls ADP-, but not collagen-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by ticlopidine treatment. This was accompanied by a significantly enhanced inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by iloprost. Hypercholesterolemia considerably attenuated the inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation by ticlopidine but did not change its effect on the iloprost-induced inhibition of platelet function and cyclic AMP formation. ADP-induced platelet-derived thromboxane formation was considerably greater in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and not reduced by ticlopidine. Ticlopidine did also not significantly influence the extent and severity of atherosclerotic plaque formation although a tendency for improvement was observed in a subgroup of animals. The data suggest that hypercholesterolemia attenuates the inhibitory effect of ticlopidine on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. This might be related to the stimulation of thromboxane formation by ADP in hypercholesterolemia. The maintained protection from ADP-induced inhibition of cAMP accumulation suggests a minor role of this mechanism in the progression of hypercholesterolemia-induced vessel disease in this model.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Role of dietary cholesterol in the optimal diet for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

OBJECTIVE: This paper discusses studies in which the effects of dietary cholesterol on the plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins have been evaluated in adult human subjects including patients with hypo- and hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: The dietary studies were conducted on an outpatient basis in the Clinical Research Center. Each dietary period was four weeks in duration and an adequate washout period was interposed between each dietary phase. SETTING: A university medical centre. PATIENTS: The participants in these studies were adult men or women with hypocholesterolemia, normal volunteers or patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. INTERVENTIONS: The dietary periods consisted of three separate dietary phases in which dietary cholesterol was a single variable. The diets contained 50 mg/day of cholesterol for the low cholesterol diet, 350 mg/day for the moderate cholesterol diet and 650 mg/day for the high cholesterol diet. RESULTS: Concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increased in all three patient groups from the low cholesterol to the moderate cholesterol to the high cholesterol diet but the magnitude of increase in LDL cholesterol concentrations was greater in the patients with pre-existent hypercholesterolemia and least in the patients with hypocholesterolemia. In all three patients groups an increased intake of dietary cholesterol was associated with suppression of endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis as assessed by the urinary excretion of mevalonic acid. CONCLUSIONS: An increased intake of dietary cholesterol results in increases in the plasma concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol in patients with inherently low, normal or high concentrations of LDL cholesterol but the magnitude of increase is greatest in those patients with pre-existent hypercholesterolemia. These results support the view that restriction of dietary cholesterol leads to a reduction in the plasma concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol and is an appropriate recommendation for patients with known hypercholesterolemia or patients in whom medical recommendations call for a reduction in the plasma concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol.

Adult↗