SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study in 37 patients indicate that terfenadine, 60 mg bid, is significantly more effective than placebo and as effective as hydroxyzine, 25 mg qid, in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria without causing the somnolence that was associated with the use of hydroxyzine.
The efficacies of three antiasthamatic bronchodilator combinations were compared using data obtained from sixteen patients. During the trial the patients measured their peak expiratory flow (PEF) every day at 7.00 a.m., 10.00 a.m. and 9.30 pm. Six patients also measured their PEF at 1.30 a.m. The frequency and severity of symptoms and side-effects as well as the auxiliary use of isoprenaline inhalations were also recorded. This double-blind cross-over trial consisted of five four-day periods including three periods with different drug combinations and two placebo periods. By increasing the sympathomimetic activity of the basic oral drug combination of theophylline and hydroxyzine with salbutamol or ephedrine the therapeutic effect of the combination was also increased although not statistically significantly. All combinations tested differed significantly from placebo in their effect. Harmful side-effects increased in proportion to the potency of the sympathomimetic drug used in the combination; they were minimal during treatment with the basic theophylline-hydroxyzine combination. Circadian variation of bronchial obstruction was a constant phenomenon in all asthmatics participating in this trial.
Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) were measured in chronic schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia before and three weeks after the initial treatment with sodium valproate (VPA), cyproheptadine, oxypertine or hydroxyzine pamoate. HVA levels significantly decreased after the administration of VPA, cyproheptadine or oxypertine. Cyclic GMP levels significantly increased after the administration of VPA or cyproheptadine. Elevation of the cAMP level was observed after the administration of VPA, cyproheptadine or oxypertine. An elevation of the MHPG level was observed during oxypertine treatment and a reduction of the 5-HIAA level was observed during hydroxyzine pamoate treatment. Decreases in HVA and increases in cGMP levels during treatment might be indicative of normalization of the dopaminergic-cholinergic imbalance in the brain. Lumbar CSF HVA and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were also measured in patients with tardive dyskinesia before and eight weeks after Ca-hopantenate treatment. No significant changes were observed before or after this treatment. The hypothesis is discussed that the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia may involve functional disorders not only of the dopaminergic or cholinergic system but also of the norepinephrinergic, serotoninergic and GABA-ergic systems.
The effects of doxepin and hydroxyzine on the cognitive performance of 60 patients with anxiety were compared under different levels of experimentally induced motivation and experience of success or failure. Both drugs reduced the inhibiting effects of failure on concept learning. The combination of high motivation and failure interfered more with the performance of control patients than the drug groups. The cognitive facilitation effects of doxepin were most pronounced in the low motivation-failure condition, while hydroxyzine yielded superior performance in both success and failure conditions, regardless of motivation level.
Allergic rhinitis patients were challenged with intranasal allergen aerosols after pretreatment with hydroxyzine and phenylpropanolamine, singly and in combination. Hydroxyzine protected against itching, sneezing and hypersecretion but aggravated obstruction. Phenylpropanolamine had a subtle but measurable anti-congestive effect. This model quantitates and confirms the complementary effects of combined antihistamine-decongestant therapy.
In this study, the utility and safety of granisetron alone (Group G) and granisetron plus hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Group G/H) for nausea and vomiting were evaluated in patients with head and neck cancer treated by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the severity of nausea or frequency of vomiting, although all patients in the G/H group showed complete response (no nausea or vomiting) from the fifth day after cisplatin administration. The clinical utility rate was higher in Group G/H than in Group G. The only side effect observed was headache in one patient from Group G. No drug-related abnormality in laboratory tests was observed. These results demonstrate that the antiemetic efficacy of granisetron can be augmented by the addition of hydroxyzine hydrochloride, providing superior control of emesis induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.
Hydroxyzine is a piperazine, tricyclic, H1-receptor antagonist with unique properties, especially the inhibition of mast cell and neuronal secretion. Preliminary results indicate is has an unusual ability to reduce interstitial cystitis symptoms. The long history, lack of major side effects, wide availability, low cost, and apparent effectiveness of hydroxyzine compel presentation of these preliminary results.
To our knowledge, this is the first report of a neonatal withdrawal syndrome associated with maternal usage of 600 mg daily of hydroxyzine hydrochloride throughout pregnancy. This observation suggests that the use of high doses of this agent in pregnancy should be avoided.
When tested in adulthood, male rats that had been treated daily with 50 mg/kg hydroxyzine HCl SC at 10--29 or 23--29 days of age were significantly facilitated in performance of delayed spontaneous alternation relative to saline-injected rats. Treatment at 10--16 days of age did not produce significant facilitation in the delay task, nor were there any significant differences between groups in spontaneous alternation with no intertrial delay. The facilitative effect may be attributable to anomalies in areas, such as the limbic system, that continue to develop postnatally and mature in late infancy.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, study was carried out in which the effects of midazolam (0.08 mg.kg-1) and hydroxyzine (1.5 mg.kg-1), with or without atropine (0.4 mg) or hyoscine (0.4 mg) were compared as intramuscular premedicants. Midazolam produced quicker onset of action, greater anxiolysis for the first hour, greater amnesia, less local irritation and a higher overall rating by the patients. Drowsiness, while also greater after midazolam, was neither marked nor prolonged. Both drugs were given similar overall ratings by the anaesthetists who administered the anaesthetics. Neither drug produced systemic toxicity. Of the two drugs known to produce amnesia, midazolam had a more profound effect and had an earlier onset than hyoscine. Midazolam (0.08 mg.kg-1) shows good potential as an intramuscular premedicant, especially when anaesthetic induction occurs 30 to 60 minutes later. Hyoscine, but not atropine, enhances the effects of the sedative drugs.
By use of a modified heat-suction, skin blister technique, we found that oral hydroxyzine, 25 mg four times a day, inhibits antigen-induced ultrastructural changes of mast cells and in vivo histamine release in the skin of ragweed-sensitive individuals. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration that an orally active antihistamine can inhibit in vivo cutaneous anaphylactic reactions.
In this work the interaction of Hydroxyzine, Promethazine and Thioridazine with Langmuir films of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dpPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (dpPA), is studied. Temporal variations in lateral surface pressure (pi) were measured at different initial pi (pi(i)), subphase pH and drug-concentration. Drugs with the smallest (PRO) and largest (HYD) molecular size exhibited the lowest adsorption (k(a)) and the highest desorption (k(d)) rate constant values, respectively. The affinity binding constants (K(b)) obtained in monolayers followed the same profile (K(b,PRO) < K(b,HYD) < K(b,THI)) of the egg-PC/water partition coefficients (P) determined in bilayers. The drug concentration required to reach the half-maximal Deltapi at pi(i) = 14 mN/m (K(0.5)), was very sensitive to pH. The maximal increment in pi upon drug incorporation into the monolayer (deltapi(max)) will depend on the phospholipid collapse pressure (pi(c)), the monolayers's compressibility and drug's size, shape and charge. The higher pi(c) of dpPC lead to higher pi(cut-off) values (maximal pi allowing drug penetration), if compared with dpPA. In dpPC and dpPA pi(cut-off) decreased as a function of the molecular size of the uncharged drugs. In dpPA, protonated drugs became electrostatically trapped at the monolayer surface hence drug penetration, monolayer deformation and pi increase were impaired and the correlation between pi(cut-off) and drug molecular size was lost.
Randomized double-blind trials using doxepin and several conventional antihistamines were carried out for treatment of patients with idiopathic cold urticaria. In the first double-blind trial, eight of nine patients preferred doxepin (10 mg three times daily) to cinnarizine (10 mg three times daily). In the second double-blind trial, the results of ice cube tests suppressing the effect of cyproheptadine (4 mg three times daily), doxepin (10 mg three times daily), and hydroxyzine (10 mg three times daily) did not statistically differ. However, doxepin was subjectively the most effective and it had fewer side effects than other treatments that were compared. Doxepin effectively suppressed the wheal and itching responses and shortened the duration of the wheal response in the ice cube test in all patients with cold urticaria who were studied.
The analytical problem was to control the quality of imported antiasthmatic tablets containing ephedrine hydrochloride, theophylline, papaverine hydrochloride and hydroxyzine hydrochloride. The aim of the analytical method for the assay was to separate, identify and quantify all compounds, at the same time. A gradient capable RP-LC system was used, using a commercially packed Nucleosil C18 column connected to a dual channel variable, programmable wavelength detector. The analysis was performed in the gradient program of increasing concentration of acetonitrile in water. The influence of pH of the mobile phase was established. The proposed method is reliable, reproducible, easy to perform and satisfies the aim.
A 32-year-old epileptic patient with a lengthy history of multiple-drug abuse and psychotic disorders was found to have an elevated serum carbamazepine concentration of 40.5 mg/L (therapeutic range 4-12 mg/L) using particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA). Serum reanalysis by LC-DAD revealed only high hydroxyzine (HDZ) concentration (HDZ = 0.55 mg/L; therapeutic range <0.1 mg/L), suggesting cross-reactivity between HDZ and PETINIA. To confirm this hypothesis, the authors tested 2 commercially available carbamazepine immunoassays, PETINIA and EMIT 2000, for in vitro cross-reactivity with HDZ and 2 HDZ metabolites (cetirizine and norchlorcyclizine). To determine the frequency of this interaction in a clinical setting, 40 sera of 39 patients taking HDZ without carbamazepine were tested by both immunoassays. For some samples, LC-ESI-MS analysis of HDZ metabolites was performed. Additionally, cross-reactivities produced by other benzhydrylpiperazine drugs were evaluated. in vitro, 5 mg of HDZ, cetirizine, and norchlorcyclizine cross-reacted with PETINIA at 85%, 125%, and 66%, respectively. Conversely, EMIT 2000 showed no cross-reactivity. For PETINIA, erroneous carbamazepine concentrations were detected in 35 out of 40 sera of patients taking HDZ. The magnitude of interference correlated moderately with serum HDZ concentrations (Spearman rho coefficient 0.58, P < 0.001), suggesting a major role for the multiple HDZ metabolites (4 serum metabolites were detected by LC-ESI-MS). Furthermore, other benzhydrylpiperazine drugs (eg, oxatomide) showed in vitro cross-reactivity with PETINIA. In conclusion, HDZ and its metabolites cross-react with carbamazepine PETINIA immunoassay, which could significantly affect the correct interpretation of serum carbamazepine concentrations in patients treated with HDZ.
1. Enzymic and ion-exchange chromatographic analyses were used to measure adenosine triphosphate (ATP), diphosphate (ADP) and monophosphate (AMP) in brain extracts from rats treated with a wide range of centrally acting drugs. Phosphocreatine (PC) was assayed by the acid molybdate method.2. An anaesthetic dose of phenobarbitone caused an increase in brain levels of ATP and PC, and a reduction in ADP and AMP. A convulsant dose of leptazol gave rise to precisely opposite effects. Subanaesthetic (hypnotic) and subconvulsive doses of the two drugs, respectively, produced no alterations in brain nucleotide levels.3. Among the psychotropic drugs, dexamphetamine, LSD and hydroxyzine, at the doses used, caused no changes in brain levels of the adenine nucleotides. Iproniazid and imipramine caused slight increases in the ATP level and ATP / ADP ratio, respectively. Chlorpromazine failed to give rise to any effect in the nucleotides 3 hr after administration, but produced a rise in brain ATP after 6 hr. Reserpine, on the other hand, caused a fall in the ATP/ADP ratio 6 hr after injection.4. These results indicate that some psychotropic drugs can cause small changes in the rat brain ATP/ADP ratio but do not support claims by certain workers that such changes correlate closely with the behavioural effects of these drugs.
This investigation proposed and evaluated a submucosally administered standard dose drug combination containing .6 mgm/kgm alphaprodine hydrochloride and .3 mgm/kgm hydroxyzine hydrochloride, in conjunction with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and lidocaine with epinephrine, in the sedation and treatment of uncooperative pediatric dental patients. Observations from this study include: The technique was successful in attaining a desirable, conscious sedation level that was characterized by rapid onset, maintenance throughout treatment, and rapid reversibility with naloxone and 100% oxygen. The protective airway reflexes remained intact during the procedures. Vital signs remained fairly constant throughout the treatment. Respiratory rate was slightly depressed during the sedation, but hemoglobin oxygen saturation levels remained constant. There were no incidences of respiratory depression, hypoxia, or apnea either during or after treatment, and no emergency medical or resuscitative efforts were necessary. Twenty-four hours after the appointment, few patients complained of the experience and more than half stated that they looked forward to returning. In view of these findings, the techniques and drug combination described in this investigation appear to provide a safe and effective means for the sedation and treatment of uncooperative pediatric dental patients. It should be emphasized, however, that the dentist using these methods should have a thorough knowledge of the agents involved, the ability to monitor patients and recognize possible adverse reactions, and the capacity to respond to any emergency situations should they arise. Consequently, only practitioners who have had extensive training and experience in all forms of anesthesia, especially pediatric anesthesia, should consider the use of these agents in their practices. It should be emphasized further that the agents and techniques should be used only for conscious sedation, the light level of sedation during which the patient retains the ability present before sedation to independently maintain an airway and respond appropriately to verbal command, and not for any deeper forms of anesthesia.
Forty-one patients with anxiety and tension or various conditions associated with neuroses were treated with hydroxyzine hydrochloride tablets. Of the 41 patients, eight had an excellent response, 14 a good response, 16 were improved and three responded poorly. The only side reaction in this series was temporary drowsiness which, in the majority of patients, ceased after therapy was steadily continued on the same dosage level.