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Results for “Helping Behavior”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Adults mourning suicide: self-reported concerns about bereavement, needs for assistance, and help-seeking behavior.

This study empirically characterized the experiences of 227 adult next-of-kin as they mourned suicides that had occurred in New York City during 1997. Next-of-kin reported psychosocial problems including family difficulties, comorbid stressors, psychiatric symptomatology, and unresolved bereavement. Professional intervention was the most frequently reported need and the most frequently reported type of desired help. In terms of actual receipt of assistance, participants reported having received help from families, friends, and communities as well as from professionals. Although some next-of-kin had not sought help because they felt able to cope without assistance, others encounted barriers to receiving desired help. These findings warrant increased and sustained community outreach to this population. Recommendations include public education regarding de-stigmatization of suicide and the needs of the suicidally bereaved, enhancement of internal and external coping supports, facilitation of access to both professional and community help, and better coordinated and more culturally appropriate services.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of premenstrual symptoms in a nonclinical sample. I. Prevalence, natural history and help-seeking behavior.

A stratified sample of 996 nursing school graduates from 1963 to 1984 was surveyed by mail regarding menstrual cycle characteristics. The 730 respondents reported an 87% overall lifetime prevalence of premenstrual symptoms. When the symptoms were categorized according to severity, only 3.2% of the respondents reported severe symptoms. Symptomatic women used diet change (24.6%), exercise (41.8%) and vitamins (18.9%) as self-help measures. Seventeen percent sought advice from a physician. Drug use was common; 22% were using a drug for symptoms at the time of the survey. Despite the common use of treatment, few women reported a significant work impairment. These findings support the conclusion that premenstrual symptoms are common but do not usually interfere with functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Challenging two mental illness stigmas: personal responsibility and dangerousness.

Two stigmatizing attitudes related to dangerousness and personal responsibility may undermine the opportunities of persons with serious mental illness. This study set out to examine path models that explain how these attitudes lead to discriminatory behavior and to assess the impact of antistigma programs on components of personal responsibility and dangerousness models. Two hundred thirteen persons were randomly assigned to one of five antistigma conditions: education on personal responsibility, education on dangerousness, contact with a person with serious mental illness where personal responsibility is discussed, contact where dangerousness is discussed, or no change. Persons completed an attribution questionnaire (AQ) representing personal responsibility and dangerousness path models at pretest, posttest, and 1-week followup. They also completed tasks that represented helping behavior. Goodness of fit indexes from linear structural modeling were mixed for both models but suggested that fear of dangerousness was a key attitude leading to discriminatory behavior. Results also showed that subjects who had contact with persons with serious mental illness experienced greater changes than subjects in the education or control groups did on measures of attribution and helping behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Sexual coercion experience and help-seeking behavior of college women.

In a study of 656 college women enrolled in elective health education classes at three midwestern universities, results showed that 42% of the women had been victims of sexual coercion in dating situations while in college. Seventy percent of those who had experienced sexual coercion had intercourse when they did not want to as a result of overwhelming arguments and pressure. Only 28% of the sexual coercion victims sought any type of help. Of those who sought help, 75% sought help from a friend. Because the experience of victimization can disrupt various aspects of women's lives, it is important that victims seek help in their attempts to cope successfully after the sexually coercive event. If campus help providers--administrators, educators, residence hall staff, and health center personnel--are more aware of the incidence and dynamics of sexual coercion, they can be more effective in encouraging college student victims to seek the help they need.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Organizational behavior: affect in the workplace.

The study of affect in the workplace began and peaked in the 1930s, with the decades that followed up to the 1990s not being particularly fertile. Whereas job satisfaction generally continues to be loosely but not carefully thought of and measured as an affective state, critical work in the 1990s has raised serious questions about the affective status of job satisfaction in terms of its causes as well as its definition and measurement. Recent research has focused on the production of moods and emotions at work, with an emphasis, at least conceptually, on stressful events, leaders, work groups, physical settings, and rewards/punishment. Other recent research has addressed the consequences of workers' feelings, in particular, a variety of performance outcomes (e.g., helping behaviors and creativity). Even though recent interest in affect in the workplace has been intense, many theoretical and methodological opportunities and challenges remain.

Affect↗
PubMed1999

Why don't men seek help? Family physicians' perspectives on help-seeking behavior in men.

BACKGROUND: Men tend to underuse primary care health services despite their susceptibility to particular types of illness. The purpose of this study was to report the family physician's perspective on why men do not access the health care system for medical problems. METHODS: We used focus group interviews to identify major themes. The participants were family physicians in active practice randomly selected from a list of 500 full- and part-time teachers. Four focus groups were formed from 18 participants (12 men, 6 women), in practice an average of 17 years. Eleven of the physicians were in community practice. RESULTS: Three key themes were identified: (1) Support: Men appear to get most of their support for health concerns from their female partners, little from their male friends. Their pattern of seeking support tends to be indirect rather than straightforward. (2) Help Seeking: Perceived vulnerability, fear, and denial are important influences on whether men seek help. They look for help for specific problems rather than for more general health concerns. (3) Barriers: Personal barriers involved factors related to a man's traditional social role characteristics: a sense of immunity and immortality; difficulty relinquishing control; a belief that seeking help is unacceptable; and believing men are not interested in prevention. Systematic barriers had to do with time and access; having to state the reason for a visit; and the lack of a male care provider. CONCLUSIONS: Many of these findings are supported by psychological theories. Future research should apply these theories in more transferable populations and settings. However, an in-depth understanding of the patterns of men's use of primary care services is needed before we can determine if a regular source of primary care would have a positive impact on their health.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Mental illness and help-seeking behavior among Mariel Cuban and Haitian refugees in south Florida.

Differences in psychopathology and use of the mental health system by recent refugee groups are explored in light of competing hypotheses stemming from theories of immigrant adaptation and minority mental health. Results show that would-be Haitian refugees arriving in South Florida during the early 1980s had relatively small needs for mental health care, but whatever needs they had were largely unattended by the health services system. Mariel Cubans had far greater needs that were mostly met satisfactorily by virtue of their familiarity with service facilities prior to departure and their incorporation into a favorable social environment. These contextual factors are added and compared with the individual-level predictor variables suggested by Andersen and others. The results' implications for theories of immigrant mental health and help-seeking and for the implementation of effective delivery programs are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Having children after breast cancer.

Having children after breast cancer is an important clinical issue. Evidence from clinical studies on pregnancy subsequent to breast cancer has not shown a survival disadvantage. Clinical experience suggests that desire for children, support from family, and quality of life issues are also important factors in decisions about pregnancy. This qualitative study was done (1) to identify reasons why young women decide to become pregnant after breast cancer; (2) to describe concerns about subsequent pregnancy; (3) to describe helpful behaviors in decision making; and (4) to explore the meaning of having children after breast cancer. Twenty-three women were identified who had early-stage breast cancer and became pregnant after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy. Sixteen women participated in a semi-structured interview. Qualitative data were analyzed for content. Results indicate that pregnancy subsequent to breast cancer is a powerful stimulus for young women to "get well" again. Reasons for subsequent pregnancy were related to the women's developmental age. Young women expressed concerns about the potential for future disease recurrence, about breast self-examination and mammography during pregnancy, and about surviving to see their children grow up. Perceived helpful behaviors included developing a realistic perspective, living with uncertainty, love and support of spouse, and delineating differences between personal and medical decision making.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Understanding high school students' risk behaviors to help reduce the HIV/AIDS epidemic in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Of 901 rural learners (X age 16.1, SD = 2.4) at 10 randomly selected high schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, those living with a parent were less likely to drink alcohol (P < 0.0001) or use drugs (P = 0.006). Thirty percent (95% CI 26.9, 33.1) were sexually active, and 53.1% used a condom in the past 30 days. The odds of males being sexually active was 7.27 the likelihood of females (95% CI 5.2, 10.1). Only one-third of male respondents always used condoms. Of sexually active respondents, 46.5% had experienced coercive sex. More males (14.1%) than females (3.6%) smoked cigarettes (P < 0.0001). The odds of males drinking alcohol was 4.5 times that of females (P < 0.0001). Smoking, (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.32, 4.44) and drinking, (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.71, 4.19) among learners increased the likelihood of sexual activity. With youth at increasing risk of HIV/AIDS in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, interventions to reduce learners' risk behaviors are required.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1981

Collagen vascular disease: can behavior therapy help?

This study examined the efficacy of a simple autogenic and biofeedback treatment package in the management of Raynaud's Phenomenon secondary to diagnosed collagen vascular disease. The patient, diagnosed as suffering from mixed connective tissue disease, had an average of 6.3 vasospastic attacks per day during a 2 week baseline period. The frequency of daily attacks dropped to 4.2 after 10 weeks and 2.5 attacks after 1 yr of training. In addition, the patient displayed a gradual improvement in the ability to maintain digital skin temperature in the presence of ambient cold stress.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1999

Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps prevent relapse and recurrence of panic disorder following alprazolam discontinuation: a long-term follow-up of the Peoria and Dartmouth studies.

The present research evaluated patients from 2 previous studies (1 conducted in Peoria, the other at Dartmouth) during a 2- to 5-year posttreatment period. Results showed that 75% of the Peoria sample and 76% of the Dartmouth sample were able to discontinue alprazolam therapy, remain abstinent of any type of treatment for panic disorder, and maintain their acute-treatment clinical gains over this follow-up period. The degree to which patients' anxiety sensitivity declined during treatment predicted relapse versus survival during the 1st 6 months of follow-up, when most relapses occurred. Implications of these findings for benzodiazepine discontinuation, combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, and relapse prevention in panic disorder are discussed.

Alprazolam↗
PubMed2001

Epidemiology of suicidal ideation and help-seeking behaviors among the elderly in Japan.

This study offers an analysis of the elderly (over 65 years of age) among a general community population in terms of the percentages of: (i) persons with recurring thoughts of death and/or of committing suicide, and (ii) people who have consulted others, including medical professionals, with regard to these problems. Among 433 elderly over the age of 65 in one community in a town in Aomori Prefecture, 358 agreed to participate in the project. Forty-four participants (12.3%) responded that they had either 'thoughts of death' or 'thoughts of suicide', and these thoughts had continued for more than 2 weeks in 12 participants (3.4%). Only 15 of the 44 suicidal elderly responded that they had consulted someone about their problems. Although there are many elderly people exhibiting a subclinical depressive state with recurring thoughts of death or thoughts of suicide, the number of people who consult family members, professionals, or others is very low. This suggests the importance of community networking through educational activities so that people can more readily talk to and support one another.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Perceived risk and help-seeking behavior for breast cancer. A Chinese-American perspective.

Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer diminishes a woman's chance of survival. How do women decide whether and when to seek an evaluation of breast symptoms that may signal breast cancer? Prior studies of African-American, white, and Latino women have described a number of critical factors associated with making the judgment to delay, but at this writing, there have been no studies factors influencing Chinese-American women. By means of focus group methods in English, Mandarin, and Cantonese, a sample of 45, predominantly first-generation Chinese-American women explained their understanding of breast cancer risk and their likelihood of delaying versus seeking evaluation of self-discovered breast symptoms. There was much congruence with the ideas of other American women despite the differing cultural heritage. Unique to these Chinese Americans was a sense of invulnerability to breast cancer, a linking of cancer to tragic luck, and the predominant likelihood of delay. To preserve modesty and to conserve wealth and time, many study participants favored using Chinese medicine and delaying Western therapies. This study suggests ways by which health care providers must approach guidelines for breast cancer early detection in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Help-seeking behavior among select populations of black unmarried adolescent fathers: implications for human service agencies.

This study was undertaken to provide additional information on what are appropriate roles for agencies in relation to unmarried adolescent fathers. The findings indicate that such appropriate roles for agencies would include the provision of psychosocial counseling, vocational guidance, and parenting education. It was concluded that agency personnel would have to reach out assertively to unmarried adolescent fathers in order to serve them more effectively. (Am J Public Health 1981;71:733-735.)

Adolescent↗