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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Information system development in support of national health programme monitoring and evaluation: the case of the Philippines.

The Department of Health of the Philippines has recognized that data collection is an integral part of most, if not all, health service delivery elements of the primary health care approach. Indeed, considerable resources had already been invested in such activities. It had been estimated that up to 25% of local health workers' time was used to record and report data, usually to a higher level. Given that such a substantial proportion of a programme's budget was invested in the data it collected, it was essential that the process should have some tangible benefit. The Department has developed a policy and begun implementing an information support capability aimed at improving the performance of its health programmes at all levels of administration and management. The redesign process began with the Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS), which is responsible for the collection and dissemination of data regarding activities in all public-sector health facilities in the country, with the exception of those taking place on a hospital inpatient basis. This development places the Philippines in a leadership position among governments in overcoming the principal constraint in evaluating the progress towards achieving the goal of health for all by the year 2000, that constraint being inadequate information support to the managerial process.

Health Policy↗
PubMed2006

Projected benefits from integrating NTD programs in sub-Saharan Africa.

The integration of preventive chemotherapy programs (PCPs) targeting multiple neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with similar strategic approaches offers opportunities for enhanced cost-effectiveness. To estimate the potential cost savings and health outcomes of integrated programs, the data available for five NTDs (lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, intestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis and trachoma) can be used to define eligible target populations, the probable overlap of at-risk populations, and the cost per person treated in stand-alone and integrated programs. If all targets for 2006 in sub-Saharan Africa are met, then savings of 26-47% can be projected from such integration (a cost of US dollar 58-81 million versus dollar 110 million for stand-alone PCPs). These first estimates can be refined as empirical data become available from integrated PCPs in the future.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed2003

The application of geographic information systems and global positioning systems in humanitarian emergencies: lessons learned, programme implications and future research.

Geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems and remote sensing have been increasingly used in public health settings since the 1990s, but application of these methods in humanitarian emergencies has been less documented. Recent areas of application of GIS methods in humanitarian emergencies include hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessments; rapid assessment and survey methods; disease distribution and outbreak investigations; planning and implementation of health information systems; data and programme integration; and programme monitoring and evaluation. The main use of GIS in these areas is to provide maps for decision-making and advocacy, which allow overlaying types of information that may not normally be linked. GIS is also used to improve data collection in the field (for example, for rapid health assessments or mortality surveys). Development of GIS methods requires further research. Although GIS methods may save resources and reduce error, initial investment in equipment and capacity building may be substantial. Especially in humanitarian emergencies, equipment and methodologies must be practical and appropriate for field use. Add-on software to process GIS data needs to be developed and modified. As equipment becomes more user-friendly and costs decrease, GIS will become more of a routine tool for humanitarian aid organisations in humanitarian emergencies, and new and innovative uses will evolve.

Altruism↗
PubMed2026

From fragmentation to coordination: strengthening One Health research to support H5N1 preparedness in Cambodia.

OBJECTIVES: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) remains a major zoonotic threat, characterized by persistent transmission in Cambodia since its re-emergence in 2023. Despite strengthened surveillance and the establishment of the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Committee on One Health, limited integration of research across sectors constrains preparedness and response. This viewpoint examines how research supports the One Health system in Cambodia. METHODS: This viewpoint draws on insights obtained from the first national multistakeholder workshop on H5N1, held in March 2026. RESULTS: Fragmentation across epidemiological, clinical, behavioral, environmental, and genomic domains limits the generation of actionable evidence and delays its translation into policy. CONCLUSION: We propose the establishment of a multisectoral technical working group on H5N1 research embedded within the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Committee on One Health to align research priorities, strengthen data integration, and improve evidence-to-policy translation. This approach could enhance national preparedness while simultaneously positioning Cambodia as a model for coordinated One Health research in the Western Pacific region and beyond.

Avian influenza A (H5N1)↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Data mining a diabetic data warehouse.

Diabetes is a major health problem in the United States. There is a long history of diabetic registries and databases with systematically collected patient information. We examine one such diabetic data warehouse, showing a method of applying data mining techniques, and some of the data issues, analysis problems, and results. The diabetic data warehouse is from a large integrated health care system in the New Orleans area with 30,383 diabetic patients. Methods for translating a complex relational database with time series and sequencing information to a flat file suitable for data mining are challenging. We discuss two variables in detail, a comorbidity index and the HgbA1c, a measure of glycemic control related to outcomes. We used the classification tree approach in Classification and Regression Trees (CART) with a binary target variable of HgbA1c >9.5 and 10 predictors: age, sex, emergency department visits, office visits, comorbidity index, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, end-stage renal disease. Unexpectedly, the most important variable associated with bad glycemic control is younger age, not the comorbiditity index or whether patients have related diseases. If we want to target diabetics with bad HgbA1c values, the odds of finding them is 3.2 times as high in those <65 years of age than those older. Data mining can discover novel associations that are useful to clinicians and administrators [corrected].

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Multimodal artificial intelligence and machine learning in oncology: from data integration to precision cancer care.

Cancer remains a major global health burden, with approximately 20 million new cases and 9.7 million cancer-related deaths reported globally in 2022. While advances in radiological imaging, molecular profiling, and clinical data have enhanced the interpretation of disease progression, the availability of multiple such modalities still does not meet the needs of a large patient population. This narrative review focuses on the role of multimodal artificial intelligence and machine learning in bridging the gap in interpreting heterogeneous modalities to improve risk prediction, prognostic assessment, and treatment decision-making in precision oncology. Multimodal frameworks such as Pathomic Fusion illustrate how complementary histopathological and genomic information can be integrated for cancer diagnosis and prognostic modeling. Multimodal models have demonstrated potential in virtual biopsy, cancer screening, prognostic prediction, radiotherapy planning, intraoperative guidance, and clinical-trial design using digital twins and synthetic control arms. The major limitations of incorporating multimodal artificial intelligence and machine learning in oncology include data heterogeneity, demographic or institutional biases, and reproducibility challenges that hinder translation. Accordingly, appropriate data-governance strategies, fairness audits, and privacy-preserving approaches such as federated learning should be considered where appropriate. Future progress will depend on the development of standardized benchmarking datasets, robust external validation, seamless integration with electronic health records and picture archiving and communication systems, and the implementation of explainable, secure, and clinically validated multimodal artificial intelligence frameworks that support precision oncology in routine clinical practice.

deep learning↗
PubMed1997

Noncompliance in psychiatric aftercare.

The focus of the present study was to examine the extent of noncompliance in psychiatric aftercare in an integrated hospital and community mental health service. Characteristics of those patients who were noncompliant were explored in order to facilitate the prediction of treatment noncompliance at the point of discharge from hospital. A consecutive cohort of patients discharged from an acute psychiatric general hospital unit into an integrated community mental health service provided data regarding demography, disease state, attitude to treatment and actual treatment availed in aftercare. At six months follow-up 36% of the initial cohort of 128 patients had met the study criteria of noncompliance in psychiatric aftercare. A number of demographic and clinical criteria distinguished this group including the engagement in skilled employment and the presence of an anxiety rather than psychotic disorder. Noncompliant patients were less symptomatic with more disturbed behavior than those patients remaining in treatment. Noncompliant patients were significantly more likely to have a case manager of lessor experience, to have committed serious crimes and to have predicted their default from treatment at the time of discharge. Noncompliance in psychiatric aftercare persists (despite the availability of integrated hospital and community mental health services) raising te question of the goodness of fit between patient need and service provision.

Aftercare↗
PubMed2001

On the methodological, theoretical and philosophical context of health inequalities research: a critique.

The integration of survey data with psycho-social theories is an important and emerging theme within the field of health inequalities research. This paper critically examines this approach arguing that the respective models of health inequality which these approaches promote, the related concepts of 'social cohesion' and 'social capital' suffer from serious methodological, theoretical and philosophical flaws. The critique draws particular attention to the limitations of survey-derived data and the dangers of using such data to develop complex social explanations for health inequalities. The paper discusses wider epistemological issues which emerge from the critique addressing the fundamental but neglected question of 'what is inequality'? The paper concludes by introducing a structure for questions regarding health inequalities emphasising the need for those question to be attached to real communities.

Health Care Rationing↗
PubMed2004

[Processes and strategies for developing public health nurse directed community health projects in municipalities of Japan--focusing on setting agendas and making project alternatives].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore processes and strategies for developing community health projects directed by public health nurses (PHNs) in municipalities of Japan. METHOD: Yin's case study design was adopted into the 5-step Policy Making Process Model as the theoretical framework. The first two steps involving agenda setting and project planning were the focus of this study. PHNs who had developed new community health projects in municipalities were interviewed as study participants. In order to maintain the quality of projects at a certain level, only these approved officially by municipalities with a program and budget were selected. RESULTS: Common strategies emerged for developing community health projects in the cases presented by the 5 PHNs. Out of 891 codes, twenty-six sub-categories were identified and integrated into 9 categories. When categories were analyzed in a time series, the following common processes were found: integration of related data, identification of the health problems in the community and recognition of project needs (Phase 1); refining the concept and characteristics of the project plan (Phase 2); and assuring that resources were available for the optimal implementation of the project by consolidating ideas (Phase 3). In Phase 1, PHNs integrated the information about previous experimental cases or social circumstances to identify community health problems needing solution. PHNs' thoughts were given to problems of existing projects and daily practices were grouped to make comprehensive plans for improvement. In Phase 2, PHNs discussed ideas for the project plans and considered resources and strategies that were necessary for putting new projects into place. In Phase 3, PHNs were attentive to the factors reviewed in Phase 2, kept account of necessary resources, and made certain of timing for immediate implementation of plans. The dual roles of PHNs, both as nurses and public servants, helped to clarify and solve the community health problems. CONCLUSION: Common strategies of developing programs were explored; "Identifying the community health problems through analyzing the causes of difficult cases," "Recognizing the necessity of coverall-projects which will improve the existing projects," "Understanding the awareness of those involved and discuss ideas for the project plan." The findings have based solely on the experiences of PHNs, they can provide suggestions that are keys to efficient development of new projects.

Cities↗
PubMed1994

[Innovation-oriented health reporting in Rheinland-Pfalz--on organization of health reporting at the rural level].

Different approaches to health reporting are introduced and partly evaluated. Most published concepts emphasise stock-taking of information for health statistics. However, ideas how to utilize the results for health policy are missing to a great extent. The concept of health reporting in Rhineland-Palatinate takes both aspects into consideration, supply of data and its integration into decision taking in health policy. The future development will show to what extent the approach chosen in Rhineland-Palatinate will be of interest for other states (Länder).

Documentation↗
PubMed2001

Living arrangements, social integration, and change in functional health status.

Limited prospective data have examined the association between living arrangements and emotional wellbeing. The authors assessed whether older women living with a spouse were less likely to experience a decline in mental health, vitality, or physical function compared with women living alone or with nonspouse others. The association between living arrangement and 4-year change in functional health status was examined prospectively among 28,324 women aged 60-72 years in the Nurses' Health Study. After adjustment for age, baseline function, comorbid conditions, and health behaviors, women living alone had lower risk of decline in mental health (relative risk (RR) = 0.73, 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 0.81) and vitality (RR = 0.72, 95 percent CI: 0.65, 0.80) compared with those living with a spouse. Contact with friends and relatives and level of social engagement were significantly protective against a decline in mental health among women living alone but not among women living with a spouse. These results suggest that women living independently are neither socially isolated nor at increased risk for decline in functional health status. In fact, these women actually fare better on measures of psychologic function than do women living with a spouse.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Health information privacy reform.

Statutory protection for personal health information privacy is in clear need of reform. With few exceptions, current legal safeguards provide uneven coverage and limited protection. Absence of a uniform federal code of fair health information practices leaves individual rights in health information compromised, exposes data users, and poses a potential threat to the integrity of the data. Current legislative proposals for national health care reform seek to standardize privacy protection while simultaneously facilitating usage of personal health information in an electronic data network. Reform provisions for confidentiality of health data will establish explicit duties for "health information trustees" and should strengthen privacy safeguards in the workplace.

Computer Security↗