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PubMed1992

Histological investigation for comparison of cartilaginous tumors of unknown biological course with unequivocal chondrosarcomas.

Morphological findings recorded from chondromatous tumors of unknown biological behaviour (n = 40) were compared with those obtained from unequivocal chondrosarcomas (n = 27), and the histological results were evaluated by clinical outcome. The morphological details were analysed by histological set up and summarized by Mirra et al. (1985): Two benign patterns, the enchondroma encasement pattern and the island of cartilage patterns, were the most common findings in cartilaginous tumors of unknown biological behaviour. Malignant patterns, such as chondrosarcoma permeation, invasion of the Haversian system, soft tissue mass and bands of fibrosis patterns were detected only in unequivocal chondrosarcomas. However, the enchondroma encasement pattern could be focally demonstrated also in central chondrosarcomas (n = 3), a phenomenon, which in our opinion could not be interpreted as being indicative of a preexisting benign lesion. Morphological classification of chondromatous tumors of unknown biological behaviour, as a group of benign cartilaginous tumors, enables their discrimination from unequivocal chondrosarcomas. This was also confirmed by the significant difference (p = 0.0065; Mantel-Cox) among survival curves after Kaplan and Meier (1958). We conclude that the above criteria, when applied with due caution, are helpful in classifying chondromatous tumors.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distraction osteogenesis versus autogenous onlay grafting. Part II: biology of regenerate and onlay bone.

PURPOSE: Few studies have directly compared the quality of bone generated by distraction osteogenesis with that generated by autogenous onlay grafting. The purpose of this study was to compare rates of bone turnover at 5 months in bone produced by distraction osteogenesis and onlay grafting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Alveolar defects created in jaws of American foxhounds were augmented with distraction osteogenesis or onlay grafting and allowed to heal for 5 months. The animals were then sacrificed and the jaws were resected and prepared for decalcified and undecalcified histologic examination. RESULTS: Both procedures produced bone containing a mixture of haversian systems and trabecular bone. A significantly greater ratio of osteoblast-covered bone surface to total trabecular bone surface (mean +/- SEM) was noted in distraction bone (0.124 +/- 0.049) compared to onlay bone (0.081 +/- 0.048) or control host bone (0.085 +/- 0.042 microm) (P < .05). In addition, significantly (P <.05) greater numbers of osteoclasts per microm of bone surface were noted in distraction bone (0.939 +/- 0.07) compared to onlay bone (0.605 +/- 0.06) or control host bone (0.725 +/- 0.08). No differences in rates of mineralization were noted between the groups. DISCUSSION: While bone from both experimental groups appeared adequate for implant placement, distraction bone appeared to be remodeling at a higher rate than either onlay or control bone. CONCLUSION: Given that the state of healing of the bone in each of these comparative groups was examined at a static point in time, it is premature to draw conclusions about the efficacy of one procedure over the other.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2006

Effect of autocontrol micromotion intramedullary interlocking nail on fracture healing: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of autocontrol micromotion locking nail (AMLN) on experimental fracture healing and its mechanism. METHODS: 16 goats undergoing both sides of transverse osteotomy of the femoral shafts were fixed intramedullary with AMLN and Gross-Kempf (GK) nail, respectively. The follow-up time was 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Roentgenographic, biomechanical, histological, scanning electromicroscopic and biochemical analyses were done. RESULTS: (1) The strength of anticompression, antiflexion and antitorsion in the fractural end in the AMLN-fixed group was higher than that of GK nail-fixed group; whereas, the rate of stress shelter in the fractured end decreased significantly (P<0.01). (2) The content of the total collagen, insoluble collagen, calcium and phosphate in the AMLN-fixed group was higher than that in the GK nail-fixed group (P<0.05). (3) Histological observation and quantitative analysis of calluses revealed that AMLN could promote the growth of bridge calluses and periosteum calluses. Hence the fracture healing and remolding process achieved early, which was much better than traditional GK nail fixation. (P<0.05). (4) 7-14 days postoperation, the calluses of AMLN-fixed group was flourish and camellarly arranged and the collagen fibril formed constantly in the absorption lacuna of bone trabecula. 28-56 days postoperation, the collagen fibril was flourish around the absorption lacuna and was parallel to the bone's longitudinal axis. Active bony absorption and formation were seen, so was remolding and rebuilding. Haversian system was intact and the bony structural net was very tenacious because of the deposition of calcium salt. None of the above findings was observed in the GK nail-fixed group. CONCLUSIONS: The design of AMLN accords well with the plastic fixation theory. As the geometry ametabolic system constituted by the intramedullary fixation instruments and the proximal and distal end of the fracture is very firm and stable, the disturbance to the physical stress distributed in the fractural end is light. The generation and conduct of the intermittent physical stress between the fractural parts could reach the balance between stress conduct and stress protection. The feature that the healing and remolding take place at the same time speeds up the fractural healing process.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Linear scanning analysis of prehistoric human bones in Xigongqiao Site, Tengzhou, Shandong Province by use of SEM-EDS].

Ancient human bones in Xigongqiao Site, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, were analyzed by use of SEM-EDS. SEM indicated that the microstructure of Haversian system was destroyed under the impact of bone diagenesis. The apparent difference in elemental distribution in the bone cross section showed that the enrichment or loss of elements can occur not only in the inner and outer surface, but also in the middle. This study will have great influence on how to deal with the ancient human bones before any palaeodietary research in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Growth and remodeling of bone. An investigation in chicken with special reference to the mechanism of bone resorption.

Bone resorption was studied in chicken by means of histologic and microradiographic examination after intravital injections of three boneseeking fluorochromes. The fluorochromes were injected at intervals from 36 hours to 5 days, and the chicken were killed at 36 hours to 10 days after injection of the third fluorochrome. Signs of osteolysis, such as enlarged osteocyte lacunae surrounded by a metachromatic zone in toluidine blue stained sections, and confluence of osteocyte lacunae in microradiographs, were compared with the fluorochrome labelling pattern. There was no correlation between the histologic findings of osteolysis and the fluorochrome resorption pattern which indicated that existence of so-called bone flow. In the "haversian systems" at midshaft level, the color pattern remained unchanged till resorption took place from the endosteal side. Osteoclasia seemed to be the dominant mode of resorption. The conclusion was drawn that bone flow does not exist in the tibiae of chicken.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Substance P immunohistochemical study of the sensory innervation of normal subchondral bone in the equine metacarpophalangeal joint.

Serial sections of bone and soft tissue from the metacarpophalangeal joints of 2 mature and 2 immature horses were evaluated for substance P immunoreactive sensory nerve fibers. Formalin-fixed specimens were sectioned, either nondemineralized or demineralized with formic acid or EDTA. Rabbit antiserum to substance P (SP) was used in the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method for immunolocalization of SP antigen, and staining with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine was used for permanent identification of SP fibers. Abundant sensory nerve fibers were identified in the joint capsule, synovial membrane subintimal layers, collateral ligaments, suspensory ligament and distal sesamoidean ligament attachments to the sesamoid bones, and the periarticular periosteal layers. Sparse SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in subchondral bone plates of the metacarpus, proximal first phalanx, and dorsal articular surface of the sesamoid bones. Most SP fibers were associated with blood vessels in the small cancellous spaces and haversian canals of the subchondral bone. The deeper marrow spaces contained increased numbers of SP sensory fibers; a few appeared in small groups and as several SP-immunoreactive fibers in a larger nerve. Cortical bone contained only a few SP fibers in the haversian canals. Substance P fibers were not identified in the osteocytic lacunae, canaliculi, or the bony lamellae of the haversian systems of the subchondral bone plate, and its extension to the metaphyseal and diaphyseal cortical bone. Equine metacarpophalangeal joint soft tissues have an abundant sensory nerve supply, similar to that of other species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1978

[Histological examination of changes due to aging in the femur compacta of laboratory and house mice].

The age changes in the histological structure of the femur corticalis in ICR laboratory mice (from 20 to 300 days) and in house mice (from 50 to 520 days) were studied. In both forms of mice the circumferential lamellae prevailed, with increased age they are substitued by secondary but mainly primary Haversian systems and the interstitial systems of vartious shape. Certain differences in the construction of the femur corticalis, were found in both species of mice; from among the latter the mouse is more suitable for the demonstration of age changes.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Microscopical observations of the osseous responses in early loaded human titanium implants: a report of two cases.

The authors present the histological picture of the surrounding tissues of two screw-shaped titanium plasma-sprayed implants retrieved for a fracture of the abutment after 18 and 42 months, respectively. These two implants were loaded after two months. The microscopical examination showed that both implants were covered in a large part of the implant surface by compact, mature lamellar bone with the presence of many Haversian systems and osteons. With von Kossa staining it was possible to see that the bone at the interface with the implant was highly mineralised. No connective tissue or inflammatory cells were present at the interface.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental findings and a new screw endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

Based on his own experimental findings, the author provides strong evidence for negative consequences of the deranged vascular network of haversian systems while screwing the screw pedicles of hip joint endoprostheses into the endostalic margin of the cortical layer of the diaphysis. It is shown that it is not advisable to use a endoprosthetic assembly unit in the intertrochanteric area for biomechanical reasons. The latest endoprosthesis of the author's own design, which has a monolithic transition of the neck into the pedicle, is described, with emphasis on driving the endoprosthetic screw pedicle into the diaphysis rather than on its screwing. The prosthesis has a pedicle with a specific trapezoidal thread and a knock-down mobility unit.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Japanese cases of hyperostosis frontalis interna].

Although hyperostosis frontalis interna is common in the western countries, it has been rarely reported in the literature in Japan. We had a chance to observe 5 cases diagnosed as hyperostosis frontalis interna. They were found among 10,902 patients who came to our hospital from August 1, 1993 to September 30, 1995. All the patients in these five cases are females aged 67 to 85 (mean = 74.2 years). Four of the 5 cases had been treated as hypertension, 2 as diabetes mellitus, and 1 as hyperlipoidemia. Two cases were accompanied by unruptured aneurysms. The pathology of one case accompanied by chronic subdural hematoma revealed no apparent development of Haversian systems of bone. It seems that the prevalence of this disease in Japan would increase from now on due to the fact that the life style and the diet among Japanese people has been getting westernized.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Experimental studies of segmental bone defects treated by skeletal external fixation].

Bony tissue of an average of 13.6% of the original length (OL) was resected from the tibia shaft in 26 mature goats. The fracture ends were compressively fixed with skeletal external fixation (SEF). Simultaneously, upper metaphysiotomy was performed to lengthen the tibia with a lengthening rate of 1.0 mm/d and a total lengthening 20.14% of OL. The restoration of blood circulation and the hemodynamic changes during the repair process of the compressively fixed bone ends and the metaphysiotomy site were studied with angiography, microvascular cast, Chinese ink permeated transparent thick slide, and radioactive microsphere measurement of regional blood flow (RBF). It was found that there were abundant vascular networks in the lengthened zone. The blood vessels not only could keep up with the same lengthening rate of growing, but also were gradually converted into the Haversian system in the newly formed cortex of the lengthened area. In the 2nd week after the cessation of bone lengthening, the RBF of the lengthened zone reached the maximum (54.56 +/- 8.53 ml/mm/100 g). It was also found that in the 7th postoperative week, the vessels of the cortex of the osteotomy shortening ends could grow across the space between them and anastomose with each other. The RBF at this time was 31.82 +/- 2.85 ml/mm/100 g. In the 12th week after operation, the RBF was still 2 times higher than that of the normal cortex (3.02 +/- 0.13 ml/mm/100 g). The primary healing could be observed under the wellreduction and stable compressive external fixation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of SEF for the treatment of tibial shaft defects or nonunion associated with limb shortening.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Experimental studies of autograft with cancellous bone in the diaphysis of long bone (author's transl)].

The acceptance of fresh autologous cancellous bone in a wedge-shaped diaphysial cortical defect was examined in 2 groups of 5 dogs microangiographically and histologically 1,2,3,4 and 6 weeks after transplantation. The main recanalisation takes place after one week from the medullary canal, two weeks later periosteal vessels are connected and finally three weeks later the tender vessels of the Haversian canal system within the cortex are being integrated. Histologically, after one week active formation of fibrous bone can be seen adjacent to numerous capillaries originating within the medullary canal. Simultaneously, considerable degradation of transplanted trabeculae by mono- or polynuclear osteoclasts takes place. Formation of new bone occurs according to newly built capillaries. After 4 weeks, transplanted trabeculae can be found only sparsely, the new fibrous bone is being remodelled into lamellar bone. After 6 weeks, the entire fibrous bone has been transformed into lamellar bone and is calcified. A trajectorial orientation of the Haversian system according to that of the host cortical bone can be recognized vaguely.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Animal models of cortical porosity.

Increased cortical porosity (Ct.Po) has been observed as a consequence of aging, disease (hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis), and pharmacologic intervention (thyroid hormone, fluoride, parathyroid hormone, prostaglandins). Whether this is permanent or transient in humans has not been established nor has the impact of Ct.Po on bone strength or fracture incidence been determined. There is a need to understand the causes and consequences of increased Ct.Po and how it relates to disease states and osteoporosis therapies. The mechanism of increased Ct.Po is thought to be an increased activation of Haversian remodeling systems accompanied by increased Haversian canal diameter. Increased activation at the endocortical surface and subsequent trabecularization may also contribute to loss of cortical bone. Ct.Po has been observed in several animal models which can be used to further study the phenomenon. Ct.Po is seen in normal dogs and is increased by treatment with PTH and prostaglandins. In the dog it has also been shown that increased Ct.Po is reversible after anabolic therapy is discontinued. Furthermore, in dogs an antiresorptive agent (risedronate) will block PTH-induced increases in Ct.Po (control 1.6% +/- 0.7; PTH 3.0% +/- 1.1, PTH plus risedronate 1.8% +/- 1.2) without interfering with anabolic effects. In rats, increased Ct.Po occurs following treatment with anabolic agents such as PTH, prostaglandin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). For instance, with IGF-1, Ct.Po increased from 0.4% +/- 0.4 to 5.4% +/- 1.8. Other species in which Ct.Po is observed include primates and ferrets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The canal system in the diaphysial compacta of the femur in some mammals.

The Haversian canal system in the diaphysial compacta of the femur in 4 mammalian species (dog, pig, bovine, horse) was studied on the decalcified bone using a method developed by the authors. In the microscopic studies we found that in all species the network aspects vary with the depth of the compacta layer. In all layers, there is a background of longitudinal canals with more or less regular trajectories describing large curves. The anastomoses linking them are main elements that define the variety of the network aspects both from layer to layer and from species to species. The canal densities vary between broad limits in the dog and horse, but less in the pig and bovine. The mean density decreases in the following order of species: dog, pig, horse and bovine femur. The Haversian canal diameter varies within narrow limits in the dog and pig. The limits are broader in the horse and bovine. The mean diameter diminishes in the following order of species: bovine, dog, horse, pig. We can conclude that the canal network differs from one species to another from all points of view: the canal system is homogeneous in none of these parameters.

Animals↗