Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “HS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Expansion and transduction of nonenriched human cord blood cells using HS-5 conditioned medium and FLT3-L.

Cord blood (CB) stem cell transplantations have been associated with delayed hematopoietic engraftment. This has most likely been due to the limited numbers of hematopoietic short-term repopulating cells in CB. Ex vivo expansion of CB has been attempted, and expansion of CD34-enriched CB has been successful; however, CD34 enrichment procedures are in general associated with substantial cell loss. Thus, we have studied culture conditions for expansion of nonenriched CB. Nonenriched CB cells were cultured for 21 days in the presence of conditioned medium from the HS-5 stromal cell line and FLT3-L or alternatively in the presence of FLT3-L, stem cell factor (SCF), megakaryocite growth and development factor (MGDF), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (FSMG), either on fibronectin fragment CH-296-coated dishes or on uncoated dishes. With all four culture conditions, the number of mononuclear cells initially decreased until day 7 and then increased until the end of the expansion cultures. Overall expansion using HS-5 and FLT3-L resulted in superior expansion of MNC and CFU-C (44-/34-fold) for both cultures with and without CH-296 compared to FSMG (18-/17-fold). Expansion on CH-296 was less efficient than expansion on tissue culture-treated wells without CH-296 for both conditions. We then studied the best time for transduction on nonenriched CB. In contrast to enriched CD34 cells, we found for both conditions, HS-5/FLT3-L and growth factor cocktail, higher transduction efficiencies when cells were transduced on day 7 as compared to day 2. Gene transfer rates up to 45% were achieved with both conditions, which corresponded with the increased number of cells in S phase on day 7 compared to day 2. We conclude that HS-5 and FLT-3L allow efficient expansion and transduction of nonenriched CB.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1990

Inducibility of the HS II enhancer depends on binding of an erythroid specific nuclear protein.

An erythroid specific, inducible enhancer associated with hypersensitive site II (HS II) plays a central role in the function of the human beta globin dominant control region. The HS II enhancer consists of tandem AP-1 binding sites and has been shown to bind members of the ubiquitous jun and fos families of proteins. The same sites are now shown to bind the erythroid specific protein, NF-E2. Inducibility of the HS II enhancer depends on NF-E2 binding, even in the presence of another hypersensitive site. Further, increased activity of the enhancer in induced K562 cells correlates with the presence of NF-E2, which appears to be present in a modified form. NF-E2 is distinct from some enhancer binding proteins in K562 nuclear extracts, in that it does not contain Fos or Fra-1 protein. Thus, binding by NF-E2 may be the mechanism, whereby tandem AP-1 binding sites confer erythroid specificity on the HS II enhancer.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Multiple elements in human beta-globin locus control region 5' HS 2 are involved in enhancer activity and position-independent, transgene expression.

The human beta-globin Locus Control Region (LCR) has two important activities. First, the LCR opens a 200 kb chromosomal domain containing the human epsilon-, gamma- and beta-globin genes and, secondly, these sequences function as a powerful enhancer of epsilon-, gamma- and beta-globin gene expression. Erythroid-specific, DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS) mark sequences that are critical for LCR activity. Previous experiments demonstrated that a 1.9 kb fragment containing the 5' HS 2 site confers position-independent expression in transgenic mice and enhances human beta-globin gene expression 100-fold. Further analysis of this region demonstrates that multiple sequences are required for maximal enhancer activity; deletion of SP1, NF-E2, GATA-1 or USF binding sites significantly decrease beta-globin gene expression. In contrast, no single site is required for position-independent transgene expression; all mice with site-specific mutations in 5' HS 2 express human beta-globin mRNA regardless of the site of transgene integration. Apparently, multiple combinations of protein binding sites in 5' HS 2 are sufficient to prevent chromosomal position effects that inhibit transgene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of nedocromil sodium on bronchospasm and HS-NCA release induced by allergen inhalation in asthmatic patients.

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of nedocromil sodium (NS) to prevent the immediate asthmatic reaction and the increase in the serum level of heat stable neutrophil chemotactic activity (HS-NCA) induced by antigen inhalation. In a double-blind, cross-over study, 13 atopic subjects affected with seasonal asthma underwent a bronchial provocation test with a preselected dose of grass pollen allergen (enough to cause a decrease of > or = 20% in FEV1:FEV1 PD20) after pre-treatment with 4 mg NS or placebo. Serum samples were withdrawn from 11 subjects for HS-NCA determination. After NS administration the decrease in FEV1 was significantly less than after placebo administration at all time points after challenge (2 min P = 0.0004; 7 min, P = 0.0005; 17 min P = 0.0002 and 27 min P = 0.0005). The percentage increase in HS-NCA was significantly higher after placebo than after NS inhalation, both 10 (P = 0.0048) and 20 (P = 0.0068) min after challenge. Our study confirms previous investigations, showing that NS inhibits the immediate asthmatic response to allergen inhalation in atopic, asthmatic subjects and moreover it shows that this drug prevents in vivo the increase of the serum HS-NCA. This last finding has not been previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A new human pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma cell-line, HS-RMS-1, exhibiting MyoD1 and myogenin.

A number of human cell lines derived from alveolar or embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have been described. To our knowledge, however, no cell line established from pleomorphic RMS has been reported. We describe here the establishment and characterization of a new human cell line, HS-RMS-1, which originated from a typical pleomorphic RMS arising in the gluteal muscle of a 26-year-old man. HS-RMS-1 cells had pseudotetraploid complex karyotypes with no specific abnormalities. Both in vitro and in vivo the cells on light microscopic examination exhibited pleomorphic features with immunopositive reaction for myogenic antigens including MyoD1 and myogenin, although no Z band-like structures were detected electron-microscopically. RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of MyoD1 and myogenin in HS-RMS-1 cells at the mRNA level, and direct sequencing analysis revealed cDNAs of MyoD1 and myogenin identical to those previously reported. This cell line, HS-RMS-1, established from pleomophic RMS will be useful for further studies including the molecular aspects of human RMS.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Linkage and gene localization of hereditary spherocytosis (HS).

Fifteen kindreds with dominant hereditary spherocytosis (HS) were studied. Expansion of the data from a family with an 8/12 translocation provided further evidence that at least one locus for HS is located near the breakpoint of the translocation. Linkage analysis of all families showed a lack of linkage with all marker loci studied except for Gm (IgG). Linkage between Gm and HS was shown to be significant with a maximum lod score of 3.42 at a recombination fraction of 22%. No heterogeneity of the recombination fraction was observed either between sexes or between families. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that HS is not a heterogeneous disorder.

Female↗
PubMed2001

OxLDL induces macrophage gamma-GCS-HS protein expression: a role for oxLDL-associated lipid hydroperoxide in GSH synthesis.

Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) produced a rapid depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) followed by an adaptive increase in J774 A.1 macrophages. OxLDL also induced a transient increase in the levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (gamma-GCS-HS), representing the catalytic subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo GSH synthesis. The induction took place within 3 h, with maximum levels observed by 10 h of treatment. Pretreatment of oxLDL with ebselen inhibited GSH depletion and attenuated the gamma-GCS-HS induction. OxLDL-associated lipid hydroperoxides and their decomposition product aldehydes are two major components thought to account for GSH depletion in macrophages. Ebselen pretreatment had only a minor effect on malondialdehyde levels, whereas peroxide content was essentially abolished, suggesting that oxLDL-associated hydroperoxides may mediate both GSH depletion and gamma-GCS-HS induction. Acetylated LDL (AcLDL) also caused a moderate induction of gamma-GCS-HS protein along with a 30% transient increase in GSH by 3;-6 h, suggesting a minor involvement of scavenger receptor-mediated signaling of GSH synthesis. However, the level of gamma-GCS induction by AcLDL was insufficient to cause a sustained increase in GSH. Macrophages with higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity experienced a more rapid and extensive depletion of GSH when treated with oxLDL under similar conditions, along with greater resistance to oxLDL- or peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. We conclude that oxLDL-associated peroxides are primarily responsible for GSH depletion, creating an oxidizing environment required for gamma-GCS induction and compensatory GSH synthesis. This is facilitated in cells expressing high GPx activity through a rapid depletion of GSH in the face of a peroxide challenge.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2003

Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1.

In our previous study, we examined radiation-induced ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage, early apoptotic changes, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction in the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1, which was established from an osteoblastic tumor that arose in the left humerus of an 11-year-old girl and was already morphologically characterized in vitro and in vivo. We found that ROS formation and oxidative DNA damage were scarcely seen after irradiation of up to 30 Gy in these cells; that mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved; and that apoptotic changes were not demonstrated despite the relatively high-dose irradiation of 30 Gy. Based on these results, the radioresistance of the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1, was considered to arise, at least in part, from the low level of ROS formation following irradiation, which in turn may have resulted from the strong scavenging ability of the cells for free radicals, including hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide, which causes a potent oxidative stress and has been demonstrated to be a potent apoptosis-inducer in many kinds of cells. We found that addition of 1 or 10 mM hydrogen peroxide induced ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage, dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and early apoptotic changes in the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1. We therefore concluded that intracellular ROS formation is involved in the hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of HS-Os-1 cells.

Annexin A5↗
PubMed2003

Apoptotic-resistance of the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1 to irradiation is converted to apoptotic-susceptibility by hydrogen peroxide: a potent role of hydrogen peroxide as a new radiosensitizer.

In our previous study, we demonstrated that the radioresistance of the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1, was considered to arise, at least in part, from the low level of ROS formation following irradiation, which in turn may have resulted from the strong scavenging ability of the cells for free radicals, including hydroxyl radicals. Following the study, we found that addition of 1 or 10 mM hydrogen peroxide induced ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage, dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and early apoptotic changes in the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1. We therefore speculated that combined use of irradiation and hydrogen peroxide might exert an additive effect for apoptotic-resistant tumors such as the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1, in terms of preservation of the radiation-induced hydroxyl radical production supported by the intracellular ROS formation that is induced by exogenous hydrogen peroxide addition. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of various doses of irradiation on the existence of 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium. We found that irradiation with 10 or 20 Gy, under the condition of the presence of 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide, induced ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage, dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and early apoptotic changes in the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1, though ROS formation and oxidative DNA damage were scarcely seen in response to irradiation of up to 30 Gy, as was shown in our previous study. We therefore concluded that the combined modality of irradiation and such a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.1 mM) is potentially applicable in clinical radiotherapy for many kinds of apoptotic-resistant neoplasms in terms of achieving both local control and improving survival benefit of patients.

Annexin A5↗
PubMed2004

[Enhanced prognostic information by determining hs CRP on metabolic syndrome].

Long-term observation studies on metabolic syndrome have disclosed that accumulation of clinical features in the syndrome indicated poor prognosis in the subjects. High sensitivity CRP(hs CRP) is generally increased in the obese subjects due to increased TNF alpha and IL-6 in adipose tissue. Hs CRP is also elevated in hypertensive and diabetic subjects. Hs CRP is increased in the subjects with low HDL-cholesterol and high triglyceride. The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study indicated that metabolic syndrome with or without hs CRP more than 3 mg/l predicted definite differences in prognosis for future cardiac outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Immunocytochemical characteristics of human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1: possible implication in apoptotic resistance against irradiation.

In our previous study, we examined reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in T lymphocytes following 5 Gy irradiation. We found that ROS formation occurred immediately after irradiation, continued for several hours, and resulted in oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, the origin of the hyper-radiosensitivity of T lymphocytes seemed to be the high production of ROS in the mitochondrial DNA following irradiation. In the succeeding study, we examined radiation-induced ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage, early apoptotic changes, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction in the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1. We found that ROS formation and oxidative DNA damage were actually scarcely seen after irradiation of up to 30 Gy in these cells, that mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved, and that apoptotic changes were not demonstrated despite the relatively high-dose irradiation of 30 Gy. In the present study, we examined the immunocytochemical characteristics of the apoptotic-resistance of the HS-Os-1 cell line against irradiation in order to clarify its possible implications regarding radiosensitivity. The results showed that these cells lack P53 and Bax protein expression, and strong peroxidase activity was confirmed in the nuclei of the cells. Moreover, SODII (manganese superoxide dismutase II) protein expression was gradually increased in spite of irradiation of up to 30 Gy. Therefore, it is concluded that HS-Os-1 cells are originally apoptotic-resistant and that the cells possess a strong ability to scavenge for free radicals. To convert these cells to a state of apoptotic-susceptibility, a powerful oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide might exert such an effect in terms of the production of hydroxyl radicals in lysosomes in the cells as shown in our previous studies. The origin of the radioresistance of the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1 is considered to to be low degree of ROS formation following irradiation, reflecting the strong scavenging ability of these cells for free radicals including hydroxyl radicals.

Apoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fasting insulin, adiponectin, hs-CRP levels, and the components of metabolic syndrome.

AIM: in this study we report the relationship between fasting plasma insulin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin levels and the components of metabolic syndrome. METHODS: for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome we used the modified NCEP ATP criteria for Asian people. Complete routine physical examinations were performed to all subjects including blood pressure, waist circumference. After 12-hours fasting, blood sample was taken for fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profiles. Fasting insulin was determined by RIA, adiponectin by ELISA, and hs-CRP by sensitive immunometric assay. According to NCEP ATP III, the metabolic syndrome consists of five components. Subjects fulfilling the studied criteria were divided into five groups according to the component/components they had. RESULTS: during the study, 118 adult individuals can be covered, including 88 patients (68,8%) with metabolic syndrome. They consist of 19 subjects who had only 1 component, 21 subjects had 2 components, 31 subjects with 3 components, 34 subjects with 4 components, and 23 subjects had 5 component. All subjects were overweight/obese (BMI > 23 kg/m), but patients with metabolic syndrome were significantly more obese compared to the non-metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in age among all individuals. Fasting insulin, hs-CRP levels is increasing with the increasing number of components of metabolic syndrome, being higher among those with 3-5 components, while adiponectin is decreasing with the number of the components. Fasting insulin 3,5+1,1 uU/ml, 3,6+1,4 uU/ml, 5,9+1,8 uU/ml, 7,8+2,1 uU/ml, 7,9+2,3 uU/ml respectively, hs-CRP 2,8+1,2 mg/L, 5.6+3.4 mg/L, 7.4+4.4 mg/L, 9.0+4.7 mg/L, 9.5+3,9 mg/L, and adiponectin 9.1+3.5 ng/ml, 8.6+1.6 ng/ml, 3.4+1.2 ng/ml, 3.2+1.3 ng/ml, 2.8+0.9 ng/ml in 3,4,5 components respectively. CONCLUSION: there is a relationship between the number of components of metabolic syndrome and the increasing levels of fasting insulin, and hs-CRP, and low levels of adiponectin. These may explain in part the risk of cardiovascular events among individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed1980

comparison of the efficacy of HS-6 versus HI-6 when combined with atropine, pyridostigmine and clonazepam for soman poisoning in the monkey.

Monkeys were exposed to varying doses of soman and given therapy. Therapy consisted of pyridostigmine, clonazepam, atropine and HS-6 or HI-6. Cerebral electrical activity, heart rate, respiration, systemic blood pressure and cholinesterase activity were recorded thoughtout the experiment. The animals in the HS-6 series were divided into 4 groups depending upon the dose of soman; one group received 30 microgram/kg of soman, the second group received 40 microgran/kg. All animals in the HI06 series survived while only one of three monkeys in the fourth group survived. Administration of therapy immediately suppressed all seizure activity and convulsions and the animals appeared awake throughout the experiment. All animals exhibited bradycardia and hypotension following the adminstration of therapy. The cholinesterase activity was depressed after administration of HS-6 therapy. Three of the four monkey that received therapy consisting of HI-6 at a dose of 15 mg/kg survived, while one of two that received HI-6 at a dose of 30 mg/kg survived. The animals that received HI-6 at a dose of 15 mg/kg did not exhibit as severe a decrease in blood pressure as the animals in either the HS-6 series or the monkeys that received HI-6 at 30 mg/kg. In addition, these monkeys were awake and appeared alert throughout the experiment and were up within 4-6 hr post-exposure to soman. The animals that received 30 mg/kg exhibited severe hypotension and did poorly.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The position of the disulfide bonds in human plasma alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and the repeating double disulfide bonds in the domain structure.

The positions of the inter- and intra-chain disulfide bonds of human plasma alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein were determined. alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein was digested with acid proteinase and then with thermolysin. The disulfide bonds containing peptides were separated by reversed-phase HPLC and detected by SBD-F (7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diasole-4-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) method. One inter-disulfide bond containing peptide and five intra-disulfide bond containing peptides (A-chain) were purified and identified as Cys-18 (B-chain)--Cys-14 (A-chain), Cys-71--Cys-82, Cys-96--Cys-114, Cys-128--Cys-131, Cys-190--Cys-201 and Cys-212--Cys-229, respectively. The location of the intra-disulfide bonds revealed that the A-chain of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein is composed of three domains. Two domains were shown to possess intramolecular homology judging from the total chain length of the domains, size of the loops formed by the S--S bonds, the location of two disulfide loops near the C-terminal end of domains A and B, the distance between two S--S bonds of each domain, the amino acid sequence homology between these two domains (22.6%), number of amino acid residues between the second S--S loops and the end of domains A and B, and the positions of the ordered structures.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Antibodies to endometrial transferrin and alpha 2-Heremans Schmidt (HS) glycoprotein in patients with endometriosis.

PROBLEM: Identifying the endometrial antigens inciting autoimmunity is important in setting up an antibody assay for a non-invasive diagnosis and clinical monitoring of endometriosis. METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of endometrial extracts, Western blot analysis, passive hemagglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), amino acid sequencing and molecular studies were done on chosen antigens. Forty-six women with endometriosis, 4 women with uterine leiomyomata, 4 with pelvic adhesions, 3 with repeat Cesarean sections (conditions that coexist with or predispose to endometriosis) and 46 controls participated. RESULTS: Antigens with molecular weights (MW) of 64 kDa [isoelectric point (pI) of 3.5-4.0] and 72 kDa (pI of 4.5) bound to IgG in all patients with endometriosis, but not the controls. Amino acid sequencing of the proteins revealed that they had homology to alpha 2-Heremans Schmidt (HS) glycoprotein (MW: 64 kDa) and transferrin (MW: 72 kDa). Endometriosis patients had significant antibody levels to these two proteins (predictive value of 80-90%). The analysis of patients' endometrial RNA detected the message for alpha 2-HS glycoprotein and transferrin. Albumin (pI 5.5) and collagen (pI 3.5) failed to elicit antibody responses. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with endometriosis have significant antibodies to endometrial transferrin and alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein. We can effectively use an antibody assay using these antigens for diagnosing endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

cDNA sequencing of guinea pig alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, its expression in various tissues and acute phase expression.

cDNA encoding alpha 2-HS glycoprotein was amplified from guinea pig liver mRNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, cloned and sequenced. By RT-PCR and nested PCR, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein mRNA was detected not only in liver tissue but also in pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon, spleen, kidney, testis, skeletal muscle, brain, heart and leukocytes, but not in the lung. The alpha 2-HS glycoprotein mRNA levels in the liver were reduced to half at 48 h after subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Further characterization of the human clear cell sarcoma cell line HS-MM demonstrating a specific t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation and hybrid EWS/ATF-1 transcript.

Only a small number of clear cell sarcoma (CCS) cell lines have been reported, including the cell line HS-MM. In the present study, this cell line, maintained for more than 4 years since establishment, was further characterized by cytogenetic studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HS-MM cells both in vitro and in vivo exhibited pseudodiploid karyotypes with the specific t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation. The translocation between chromosomes 12 and 22 was confirmed by FISH analysis and the hybrid EWS/ATF-1 transcript induced by this translocation was detected by RT-PCR. The HS-MM cell line will be useful for further studies of CCS.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of the human alpha globin upstream regulatory element (HS-40) in transgenic mice.

We have analysed the effect of a 1.4 kb segment of DNA containing the upstream alpha globin regulatory element (HS-40) on human alpha globin gene expression in fetal mice and lines of transgenic mice. High levels of tissue-specific, human alpha mRNA expression were seen in all transgenic animals and in this sense expression was position independent. However, the level of human alpha mRNA expression per integrated gene copy decreased during development and was inversely related to copy number. The limitation in expression with increasing gene copy number was shown to be in cis since homozygotes for the transgene produced twice as much human alpha mRNA as hemizygotes. In many respects HS -40 appears similar to single elements within the previously described beta globin locus control region and in cross breeding experiments we have shown that HS -40 behaves in a similar manner to such elements in transgenic mice.

Animals↗