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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

New concepts of coxofemoral joint stability and the development of a clinical stress-radiographic method for quantitating hip joint laxity in the dog.

From mechanical principles and postmortem observations of coxofemoral joints of dogs, a hydrostatic mechanism influencing hip joint stability was discovered. This discovery led to the development of a stress-radiographic positioning method to quantitate hip joint laxity in dogs. The method incorporated 2 views with the dog in supine position and hips at neutral flexion/extension angle: a compression view, with the femoral heads fully seated in the acetabula; and a distraction view, with the femoral heads at maximal lateral displacement. An index measurement method was formulated to quantitate the relative degree of joint laxity appearing in either the compression or distraction view. Clinical evaluation of 6 dogs was done to compare the compression/distraction method with the standard hip-extended radiographic method. Also, the stress-radiographic method was performed on 16-week-old Borzoi and German Shepherd Dogs to compare the characteristics of inherent hip joint laxity in these breeds. In all dogs tested, hip joint laxity was masked by the standard hip-extended view as indicated by a 2.5-fold improvement in sensitivity to hip joint laxity of the new method (P less than 0.00001). Moreover, the mean hip joint laxity of 16-week-old German Shepherd Dogs exceeded the mean hip joint laxity of Borzois by 79% (P less than 0.00001). Reports in the literature document the incontrovertible association of hip joint laxity to the development of hip dysplasia in dogs. We believe the ability to accurately quantitate hip joint laxity will provide key diagnostic and prognostic criteria for the selection of pet dogs, and more importantly, breeding stock.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Isolated anterior inguinal dislocation of the hip joint.

Anterior dislocation of the hip joint is rare, accompanied usually by a fracture of adjacent bony structures. A case of isolated anterior inguinal dislocation of the hip joint is hereby presented with 22 months of followup. The mechanism of this rare injury is usually forcible abduction and extension of the hip joint. Early diagnosis and reduction, with immediate post-reduction roentgenograms to discover any fragments in the joint space, should be done. In this patient, X-rays 11 and 22 months after reduction appeared normal.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New aspects in the use of artificial hip joints].

The implantation of hip joint endoprosthesis is one of the greatest achievements in orthopedic science. At present, research is aimed at permanent fixation of endoprosthesis into the bone bearing. Refinements of both endoprosthesis and cementation techniques are being made. Uncemented endoprostheses are usually applied in younger patients and in revision surgery. Personal experience in use of uncemented endoprosthesis of patients under 50 years of age is presented. Reconstruction of the hip joint by using endoprosthesis enables overcoming of numerous problems of young persons such as limping, difference in length of the lower extremities, painfulness, early development of degenerative changes and for some persons very important visible cosmetic problems and sexual difficulties. Use of the special tumor modular uncemented endoprosthesis which is a highly differentiated surgical procedure, necessitates special technical preparations and the experience of most distinguished centralized orthopedic institutions. Use of most up-to-date hip endoprosthesis now makes it possible to restore painlessness, movability and to improve the quality of life of treated patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Early, asymptomatic stage of degenerative joint disease in canine hip joints.

The early stages of degenerative joint disease were investigated in coxofemoral joints from dogs with a hereditary predisposition to hip dysplasia. Alterations observed included mild nonsuppurative synovitis, increased volume of both synovial fluid and the ligamentum teres, and focal degenerative articular cartilage lesions. On radiologic examination, subluxation of the femoral head was seen, but only in the most severely affected joints. Synovial inflammation with increased synovial fluid and ligament volumes were indicators of early degenerative joint disease in dogs. These changes seemed to coincide with, or perhaps to precede, microscopic evidence for articular cartilage degeneration and occurred before radiologic abnormalities were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Standards for ultrasonographic measurements of the hip joint in Indian adults.

Synovitis in the hip joint, in contrast to that in other limb joints, is extremely difficult to evaluate clinically. In the hip joint synovitis manifests as an increase in the distance between the iliofemoral ligament and the femoral neck. The present ultrasonographic study was undertaken in 110 healthy Indian adults to establish standards for the depth of the normal hip joint space in the normal Indian adult population. The shortest distance was 4 mm, the longest was 9 mm. The mean distance was 6.4 (S.D. 1.1) mm. The mean difference between the right and left hips was 0.42 (S.D. 0.49) mm. An age-specific reference curve with 95% confidence limits was constructed. No correlation was found between hip joint space and the subjects' height, weight, age or sex. It is concluded that a distance between the iliofemoral ligament and the femoral neck of more than 9 mm or a difference in measurement between the hips of 1 mm or more suggests an intracapsular effusion or active synovitis. These figures are at variance with the measurements obtained in studies on Western white populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The hip joint as a conchoid shape.

The hip joint is not an exact ball and socket joint. In a meridian section, the mean deviation from a conchoid shape is quite small, so that this shape might better describe the joint's shape. This conclusion was reached by measuring the cartilaginous and osseous shapes of eight normal hip joints (multiorgan donors with average of age 33 yr, range 19-46 yr) using a CNC coordinate measuring machine (CMM). On two additional hip joints, only the osseous shape was determined. A rotational axis was first determined by finding parallels of latitude at the femoral head and acetabulum. At the meridian sections, the best-fitting circle or conchoid was determined from the scanned measuring points, using least-squares regression. Two perpendicular meridians were then measured for each sample and used to evaluate the three-dimensional shape. The medium squared deviation showed a better fit for a conchoid shape compared to a sphere for all samples tested. Furthermore, the equation of the conchoid for the femoral head (r = a + b cos phi) and that for the acetabulum (r' = a' + b' cos phi) were related in that a = b' and b = a' within mean deviation factors of 4%. Their special shape makes the joint less likely to sublux compared to a ball and socket joint. In addition, the rolling and gliding mechanisms between the two shapes may result in less wear.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1998

Correlation between hip joint laxity and subsequent coxarthrosis in dogs.

In a prospective study the degree of hip joint laxity was compared with subsequent hip joint development. A total of 70 non-selected adult dogs from 34 breeds presented for hip dysplasia screening was examined. The degree of hip laxity was quantitated using a newly developed radiographic stress technique. The dogs were re-examined according to the standard radiographic technique after 1 year or more. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.58) between the degree of subluxation (SI) and the subsequent Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) grade. All dogs with an SI value of up to 0.35 developed hip joints ranging between normal and mildly dysplastic at worst. Of the dogs with an SI value higher than 0.35, 76% developed hip dysplasia. Of those 40 dogs grading normal or borderline normal on standard radiographs, 15% demonstrated lax hip joints with an SI of more than 0.35. Breed-specific differences in the correlation of degree of hip joint laxity to the development of coxarthrosis were noted. If both excessive hip joint laxity and development of arthrosis are considered exclusion criteria for breeding dogs, then the current mode of selection does not adequately restrict potential breeding stock. Only dogs demonstrating an SI of 0.35 or less on stress radiographs and graded normal or borderline normal on standard radiographs should be used for breeding, equivalent to 49% of all dogs examined in this study. A further 36% of the dogs examined, most of them currently still accepted as breeding dogs, would not pass. Breed-specific acceptable degree of hip joint laxity in breeding dogs should be determined. Selecting breeding dogs based on the results of hip joint laxity assessment may further decrease the incidence of CHD in the offspring.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Biomechanical effect and clinical application of the hip joint moment reduction brace.

A new brace, the hip joint moment reduction brace, has been designed and constructed. The basic construct of the brace incorporates only the thigh, and it minimally restricts one's activities of daily living. The concept of the brace is to reduce the frontal plane moment of the applied force against which the abductor muscle must contract to balance, and this reduction of the frontal plane moment results in reduction of the abductor muscle force. The brace uses the mechanism of the ischial weightbearing and lessens the abductor moment by transmitting load from the ischium through the condyle of the femur. In gait testing, the maximum ischial load taken up by the brace was 36.9% of the ground reaction force in the late stance phase, and the integrated electromyogram of the abductor muscle was reduced by 32.6% during the whole stance phase using this brace. These findings confirmed a reduction in the frontal plane moment of the hip joint and the potential for reduction in the load on the hip joint. The hip joint moment reduction brace is recommended as effective conservative management of hip disorders, such as coxarthrosis, that are caused or worsened by biomechanical insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Ultrasonographic study of the hip joint in infants].

We performed ultrasonography screening for the hip joint in 145 infants between January 2003 and January 2004 at Nakajo-machi in Niigata Prefecture. This ultrasonographic study was conducted by Graf's method. The method could discriminate normal hip joints and was able to visualize 11 abnormal hip joints as well. All abnormal hip joints were dysplastic. This method is more useful than x-ray examination for infants, since the cartilaginous femoral head and the soft tissues around the hip could be clearly visualized. As a result, ultrasonography appears to be a useful screening method for congenital dislocation of the hip joint, without the hazard of radiation caused by x-rays.

Hip Dislocation, Congenital↗
PubMed2003

Limited effectiveness of sonography in revealing hip joint effusion: preliminary results in 21 adult patients with native and postoperative hips.

OBJECTIVE: The object of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sonography in the detection of hip joint effusions in both native and postoperative adult hips using arthrocentesis as a gold standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of hip joint effusion were examined on sonography by one of five musculoskeletal radiologists with experience in musculoskeletal sonography. All 21 patients underwent diagnostic arthrocentesis (fluoroscopic in 16, sonographic in five) to confirm the presence or absence of joint effusion. A retrospective analysis of the sonograms was made to assess the size of the distention of the anterior joint recess (anteroposterior dimension) and the echogenicity (anechoic or other relative to muscle), and correlation was made to the presence or absence of joint effusion. RESULTS: Joint effusion was seen on diagnostic arthrocentesis in 10 (48%) of the 21 patients. Seven of the 21 patients had native hips and 14 had prior hip surgery. Retrospectively, no significant difference was found with regard to the size of the anterior recess distention (p = 0.34) or echogenicity (p = 0.2) when comparing the patients with and without joint effusion. CONCLUSION: Anterior recess distention and echogenicity could not reliably be used as an indicator of adult hip joint effusion, either in native or postoperative hips. Diagnostic arthrocentesis was necessary to establish or exclude the presence of hip joint effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Biomechanical characterization of passive laxity of the hip joint in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vitro load/displacement characteristics of the hip joints in dogs as a function of joint position. SAMPLE POPULATION: 10 hip joints from 5 healthy dogs. PROCEDURE: A material test system was used to generate load/displacement curves for each joint. Joints were mounted in a custom-designed jig that held the joint in fixed anatomic orientations while plotting displacement and corresponding applied loads. All hips were cycled between 40 N of compression and 80 N of distraction. Each hip was tested at 10 degrees increments from 30 degrees flexion to 70 degrees extension. RESULTS: When the hips were in a neutral orientation (approximately a standing position), load/displacement curves were characteristically sigmoidal (tri-phasic), indicating that, in this position, displacement was not highly dependent on load. The curves had a central low-stiffness region in which most of the lateral displacement took place. In contrast, when hips were positioned at the extremes of flexion and extension, this central, low-stiffness region was less distinct, and load/displacement curves were more linear, indicating a proportional relation between load and displacement. The load/displacement curve of 1 hip joint in the study deviated markedly from the others in a pattern consistent with cavitation of the synovial fluid. CONCLUSIONS: When the hip joint is positioned in a neutral position, load-displacement behavior is sigmoidal, whereas when the hip joint is in an extended position, load/displacement behavior is more linear. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Establishing load/displacement behavior of the hip joints in dogs was an important exercise in establishing the position for and estimating the repeatability of a clinical stress-radiographic method for quantitating joint laxity in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The embryological congruity of the human hip joint.

The embryology of the hip joint has been studied in a series of 32 embryos. The formation of the skeletal elements together with the capsule, glenoid, acetabular ligament, and ligamentum teres is followed until the definitive form is present. The congruity of the hip joint is established as soon as the joint cavity is formed.

Hip Joint↗
PubMed2003

Pose estimation of artificial hip joint using a single radiographic projection.

Total hip joint arthroplasty is commonly used in cases of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A hip joint prosthesis consists of a cup and a stem. The relative pose (position and orientation) of the prosthesis, when the patient is standing naturally, is planned pre-operatively; however, there is no guarantee that the pre-operatively planned pose will be accurate. Prosthesis component malposition, which is inadequate positioning of the acetabular or femoral component, results in limited joint movement and a large prosthetic joint contact area, and this can cause dislocation of the femoral head from the cap. Because the range of motion after total hip joint arthroplasty is determined by the relative pose of the cup and the stem, it is important to know the relative pose after hip arthroplasty. Several pose estimation methods using single-plane fluoroscopy or conventional roentgenography have been proposed. Because a conventional radiograph system is commonly used at small cost, a method using conventional radiograms is desirable for use in a clinical setting. In this study, a pose estimation method using conventional radiography is proposed, and an in vitro experiment is performed to evaluate its accuracy. The rotational errors of the relative pose of the cup with respect to the stem were smaller than 2.3 degrees.

Hip Joint↗
PubMed1977

[Characteristic Biomechanical values for the hip joint (author's transl)].

Four human hip joints which had been fixed informaldehyde taken from human corpses (average age at death: 72 years) were subjected to pressure along defined axes and tested for static strength and elasticity, the hip joint being regarded as a system. The stress-strain curve reveals no definite linearity. The deviations from Hooke's elasticity found in this way have been explained by the fact that not only completely elastic bone, but also plastic components (cartilage of the joint) were tested. The maximum breaking strain, the modulus of elasticity and the elasticity coefficient were also determined. Only about 50% of all fractures observed on the test set-up were diagnosticised radiologically. The parameters which have, in the past, been determined only on models have thus been replaced by experimental results obtained on actual hip joints.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Coordination and timing of spine and hip joints during full body reaching tasks.

Coupling of spine and hip joints during full body reaching tasks was investigated in 16 participants (8 male and 8 female) who performed reaching tasks at comfortable and fast-paced movement speeds to three targets located in a para-sagittal plane. The participants paused at target contact for 500ms and then returned to an upright posture. Three-dimensional joint motions of the spine and hip were recorded using an electromagnetic tracking device. We found an effect of movement phase (i.e., reach and return) on the onset timing of the spine and hip joints. For most target locations and movement speeds, spine motion onset preceded hip motion onset during the reaching phase of the movement task. In the reach phase, when averaged across all movement conditions, spine joint motion preceded hip joint motion by an average of 48.9ms. In contrast, in the return phase, hip joint motion preceded spine joint motion by an average of 63.0ms. Additionally, when participants were instructed to use either a knee flexion or knee extension strategy to perform the reaching tasks there was no effect of movement strategy on timing of the spine and hip. There was also no effect of target height on the spine-hip ratio, but as movement speed increased, the spine/hip ratio decreased for all target locations due primarily to an increase in hip joint excursion. The findings indicate clear differences in onset timing of the spine and hip joints during reaching tasks that necessitate some forward bending of the trunk and that onset timing is reversed for the return to an upright posture.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the torque profile of frog hip joint.

The relative contributions of muscle force, moment arm, and tendon compliance were determined as a function of joint angle in the frog semitendinosus-hip joint system. Muscle, joint, and tendon properties were individually measured and then combined to predict the torque generated at the hip joint as a function of joint angle (i.e., the hip torque profile). Predicted torques were then compared to experimentally measured torques using a stepwise regression model to quantify the relative importance of muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the hip torque profile. Variation in moment arm accounted for 74% of the variability observed in the hip torque profile, while addition of the muscle's intrinsic sarcomere length-tension property accounted for an additional 19% of the torque profile variability. Tendon compliance, which permitted a small amount of sarcomere shortening, accounted for only about 4% of the torque profile variability. We conclude that in this muscle-joint system, the relative fiber length-to-moment arm ratio is the major determinant of the shape of the isometric joint profile. The fiber length-to-moment arm ratio in other mammalian systems is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[The acetabular transposition in surgical treatment of hip joint dysplasia].

From 1997 through 2005, 118 patients aged from seven through sixteen years with unstable dysplastic hip joints (126 hip joints) were operated upon by an acetabular transposition technique after triple pelvic osteotomy. The dynamics of principal roentgenological values were studied. Based on CT and 3D reconstructions a blood supply in the hip joint region and the birth canal measurements were evaluated. In all patients a satisfactory clinical result has been obtained. All the patients have attained a social and professional adaptation. Neither blood supply disorders around the hip joint nor affections of birth-canal were noted.

Acetabulum↗