Haematocoele in a stallion and recovery of fertility following unilateral castration.
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A prototype high-resolution (10-MHz) real-time ultrasonic system was used to study 22 patients who were ultimately proved to have intra- and extratesticular tumors, scrotal fluid collections, and inflammatory processes. In 5 of 6 patients with primary testicular masses, there were areas of decreased echogenicity within the testis when compared with surrounding normal tissue. In general, the method was highly effective in differentiating and characterizing testicular and extratesticular processes.
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Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent moderator of soft tissue repair through induction of the inflammatory phase of repair and subsequent enhanced collagen deposition. We examined the effect of recombinant BB homodimer PDGF (rPDGF-BB) applied to rat craniotomy defects, treated with and without bovine osteogenin (OG), to see if bone regeneration would be stimulated. Implants containing 0, 20, 60, or 200 micrograms rPDGF-BB, reconstituted with insoluble rat collagenous bone matrix containing 0, 30, or 150 micrograms OG, were placed into 8-mm craniotomies. After 11 d, 21 of the 144 rats presented subcutaneous masses superior to the defect sites. The masses, comprised of serosanguinous fluid encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue, were larger and occurred more frequently in rats treated with 200 micrograms rPDGF-BB, and were absent in rats not treated with rPDGF-BB. The masses underwent resorption within 28 d after surgery. OG (2-256 micrograms) caused a dose-dependent increase in radiopacity and a marked regeneration of calcified tissue in a dose-dependent fashion within defect sites. However, OG-induced bone regeneration was inhibited 17-53% in the presence of rPDGF-BB. These results suggest that rPDGF-BB inhibited OG-induced bone regeneration and stimulated a soft tissue repair wound phenotype and response.
Rupture of an ectopic pregnancy may result in the formation of a pelvic haematocele. Four cases are presented in which the haematocele appeared as a solid or complex mass of coarse echoes on ultrasound examination and was indistinguishable from the uterus. Because of this, the sonographic examination suggested enlargement and inhomogeneity of the uterus. Differential diagnosis is discussed.
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The sonographic features were reviewed in 30 cases of testicular trauma. Sonography correctly diagnosed testicular rupture in 12 surgically proven cases. Two additional cases of testicular rupture were diagnosed by sonography in patients who refused surgery. One false-positive diagnosis occurred in a patient with a large scrotal hematoma. There were no known false-negative diagnoses. Discrete fracture planes often are not identified by sonography in cases of testicular rupture. However, any alteration of the normal testicular echogenicity in traumatized patients suggests testicular rupture and requires surgery.
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Pathological processes of the scrotum are very numerous. They are composed by few common well known diseases and a large spectrum of rare lesions. The testis may be involved by some systemic diseases. Ultrasound is the main modality for scrotal imaging and complementary to clinical evaluation. When a tumoral process is suspected, surgery is required to confirm the diagnosis and provide histology. The role of MR remains under evaluation.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic spleen-preserving operation for traumatic spleen rupture. METHODS: From 1997 to 2003, 15 cases of traumatic spleen rupture were treated with laparoscopic spleen-preserving operation in our hospital. Nine cases had operation history in the middle and lower abdomen. ZT binding, electrocoagulation, fibrin and gelfoam tamping and suture repairing were used in patients with spleen rupture of grade I and grade II. Combined hemostasis was used for spleen rupture of grade III. RESULTS: All patients did not need laparotomy during operation and no postoperative bleeding occurred. They were all cured and followed up for 3-12 months. Determination of immunoglobulins after operation showed normal, and spleen ultrasonic examination, CT and body state evaluations were all satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy in the management of spleen trauma can be used in confirmed diagnosis and in determining the degree of spleen injury. For patients with stable vital signs laparoscopic spleen-preserving operation can be used. The laparoscopic spleen-preserving operation is safe in the treatment of traumatic spleen rupture.
Because of its important and its soft consistency, the thyroid is not always convenient for punction. Many smears cannot be classified, others are disappointing. The analysis of 2,300 punctions of thyroid lesions, allowed the authors to realise 900 comparisons between histopathological and cytological results. Among 300 histological malignant lesions, 89 unknown cancers were found, 40 of which gave haemorragic smears. The real false diagnosis were especially linked to vesicular and papillary carcinomas. On the other hand, undifferentiated carcinomas and lymphomas usually led to a correct interpretation. A correct diagnosis was made in 70% of all smears and in 81% of interpretable smears. The best results are found in benign lesions. The interpretation is correct in 94% of 600 punctions. A false diagnosis of malignancy is made in 6.1% of cases. So, this method fails to recognize an important number of cancers. It is not sufficient to assert the diagnosis and must be followed by an histopathological per-operatoire study. On the other hand a cytological diagnosis of cancer is reliable as long as the cytologist is not impressed by some cellular changes which are not so significant, as far as thyroid lesions are concerned, as in other fields of cytology.
Ultrasound has been shown to be a reliable and valuable tool in the diagnosis of scrotal abnormalities. In this article, a comprehensive discussion of scrotal abnormalities and their ultrasonographic appearance is presented, oriented toward common clinical presentations, and the present uses and indications of scrotal ultrasound are enumerated.
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