COLLEGE of general practitioners.
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The objective of the practice guideline 'Refraction errors' from the Dutch College of General Practitioners is to help the general practitioner to deal with patients presenting with gradual loss of vision. The number of ophthalmologists in the Netherlands is small and general practitioners need to differentiate between acute and non-acute ocular conditions. For the first time diagnostic refraction is included as a means of differentiating between a refraction disorder and other ocular pathology. The anamnesis section in the guideline is meagre and the use of a stenopeic opening and the subject of presbyopia are insufficiently emphasised. The underlying assumption that general practitioners are insufficiently capable of carrying out an ophthalmological investigation such as ophthalmoscopy needs to be revised.
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General practitioners and psychiatrists communicate mainly by letter. To ascertain the most important items of information that should be included in these letters ("key items") questionnaires were sent to 80 general practitioners and 80 psychiatrists. A total of 120 referral letters sent to psychiatric clinics in 1973 and 1983 were studied, together with the psychiatrists' replies, and these were rated for the inclusion of "key items." General practitioners' letters contain less information about the family but more about psychiatric history than they did a decade ago. Overall, psychiatrists' letters have not changed. Registrars, however, now include noticeably more "key items" than they did 10 years ago, but their letters remain twice the length of those written by consultants. It is suggested that letter writing skills are vital to good patient management and should be taught to postgraduate trainees in general practice and psychiatry.
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The practice guideline 'Anaemia' from the Dutch College of General Practitioners will certainly be a support for the Dutch general practitioner. The inclusion of an algorithm to make a more precise diagnosis is an experiment that needs to be evaluated in the near future. However, many general practitioners will regard it as too complex for use in daily practice and specialists will find it to be of limited use, as it does not cover all cases. Consultation between the general practitioner and the specialist will give the best answer in complicated cases. Patients who complain about tiredness or dizziness will expect their general practitioner to take a blood sample for a haemoglobin test. The general practitioner will consider the risk of false-positive test results in interpreting the patient's haemoglobin level. A few concrete remarks: the guideline does not mention that vegetarianism and a low meat intake can increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, and iron suppletion is advised in premenopausal women with profuse vaginal blood loss, whereas there are several treatable disorders that may cause menorrhagia.
This report has been written because special programmes of training for general practice are being developed in many parts of the country and there are questions about the paediatric component of training which need to be discussed nationally.An important part of this report is devoted to listing educational objectives which should be attained in paediatrics by the general practitioner at the end of his training.
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