Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Absorption of protein antigens in the gastrointestinal system of rats and guinea pigs].

The permeability of the gastrointestinal tract of adult rats for 3H-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 3H-chick albumin (CA) were studied and compared during intragastric administration via a tube. The content of structures with antigenicity of initial proteins was measured in the peripheral blood serum and salt liver extract obtained on homogenate centrifugation. It was found that CA, as compared with BSA, was capable to penetrate the gastrointestinal barrier in a greater amount and to preserve its initial antigenicity, which correlated with a higher resistance to acid denaturation and proteolysis. The permeability of gastrointestinal tract for CA was also examined in rats and guinea-pigs. It was demonstrated that the content of structures having antigenicity of initial CA in the blood serum and liver of rats was significantly higher than in guinea-pigs. It is concluded that this fact is related to the differences in the organization and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract in different animals.

Absorption↗
PubMed1999

Dietary nucleotides: effects on the immune and gastrointestinal systems.

Nucleotides (NT) and their related metabolic products play key roles in many biological processes. NT can be synthesized endogenously and thus are not considered essential nutrients. Studies have demonstrated, however, that dietary NT can have beneficial effects; the term "conditionally essential" has been used to describe their role in human nutrition. These nutrients may become essential when the endogenous supply is insufficient for normal function, even though their absence from the diet does not lead to a classic clinical deficiency syndrome. Most dietary NT are rapidly metabolized and excreted. However, some are incorporated into tissues, particularly at younger ages and with fasting. Under conditions of limited NT intake, rapid growth or certain disease states, dietary NT may spare the cost of de novo NT synthesis and optimize the function of rapidly dividing tissues such as those of the gastrointestinal and immune systems. Animals fed NT-supplemented versus non-NT supplemented diets have enhanced gastrointestinal growth and maturation, and improved recovery following small and large bowel injury. Indices of humoral and cellular immunity are enhanced, and survival rates are higher following infection with pathogens. Infants receive NT in human milk, where they are present as nucleic acids, nucleosides, nucleotides and related metabolic products. The NT content of human milk is significantly higher than most cow's milk-based infant formulae. Dietary NT are reported to enhance the gastrointestinal and immune systems of formula-fed infants. Infants fed NT-supplemented versus non-supplemented formula have a lower incidence of diarrhea, higher antibody titers following Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination and higher natural killer cell activity. These data suggest that human milk NT may contribute to the superior clinical performance of the breastfed infant.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1999

Non-neuronal dopamine in the gastrointestinal system.

1. Dopamine (DA) is a protective agent in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in both rats and humans. Therefore, we have studied the site of DA production in rat and human GI tract using a variety of techniques, including immunocytochemistry (ICC), in situ hybridization histochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, HPLC, western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. 2. We found very high concentrations of DA that persisted after chemical sympathectomy (CS) in the gastric juice, the stomach mucosa and in the pancreas. Both the stomach mucosa and the pancreas also had tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, most of which remained after CS. Double-labelling ICC showed that acid-producing parietal cells and the exocrine pancreas must also be capable of producing DA. 3. We isolated rat stomach parietal cells by cell fractionation and found that both DA and TH activity are present in isolated (denervated) parietal cells. These cells also have other features of aminergic cells: they are immuno- (and mRNA) positive for the DA plasma membrane transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter(s). In both gastric and duodenal mucosa, we demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of the D5 receptor that could serve as a target for locally produced DA. 4. Because DA, its biosynthetic enzymes and its transporters are also found in parietal cells in the human stomach, a mucosal protective system involving DA could be important clinically.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Primary malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal system].

The Authors describe their experience regarding eight cases of primary malignant gastrointestinal lymphomas. After having briefly reexamined the epidemiology and the problems coming from the discordances that still exist on various systems of classification and of staging, they put in evidence that it is not always possible to reach a sure preoperative diagnosis on such pathology, and they explain some considerations about the diagnosis, the therapy and the prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Intraoperative radiotherapy as multimodal therapy approach in epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal system].

Surgery alone often fails to achieve local control in advanced gastrointestinal tumors. With multimodal therapy approaches, both local tumor control and long-term survival appear to be improved. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is an attempt to achieve higher doses of irradiation while dose-limiting structures are surgically displaced. It has been shown previously that both local tumor control and long-term survival are improved in patients undergoing surgery combined with IORT for both primary and recurrent rectal carcinoma. In advanced gastric carcinoma, IORT has achieved optimistic survival results in a few studies. In locally advanced pancreatic cancer, an apparent improvement in local control has been noted with IORT, but survival has not been prolonged because of a high incidence of both liver and peritoneal metastases. The data concerning IORT for esophageal carcinoma are not yet sufficient to allow judgement.

Animals↗