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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Genome-wide mapping of ORC and Mcm2p binding sites on tiling arrays and identification of essential ARS consensus sequences in S. cerevisiae.

BACKGROUND: Eukaryotic replication origins exhibit different initiation efficiencies and activation times within S-phase. Although local chromatin structure and function influences origin activity, the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. A key to understanding the exact features of chromatin that impinge on replication origin function is to define the precise locations of the DNA sequences that control origin function. In S. cerevisiae, Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARSs) contain a consensus sequence (ACS) that binds the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) and is essential for origin function. However, an ACS is not sufficient for origin function and the majority of ACS matches do not function as ORC binding sites, complicating the specific identification of these sites. RESULTS: To identify essential origin sequences genome-wide, we utilized a tiled oligonucleotide array (NimbleGen) to map the ORC and Mcm2p binding sites at high resolution. These binding sites define a set of potential Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARSs), which we term nimARSs. The nimARS set comprises 529 ORC and/or Mcm2p binding sites, which includes 95% of known ARSs, and experimental verification demonstrates that 94% are functional. The resolution of the analysis facilitated identification of potential ACSs (nimACSs) within 370 nimARSs. Cross-validation shows that the nimACS predictions include 58% of known ACSs, and experimental verification indicates that 82% are essential for ARS activity. CONCLUSION: These findings provide the most comprehensive, accurate, and detailed mapping of ORC binding sites to date, adding to the emerging picture of the chromatin organization of the budding yeast genome.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Plant growth using EMCS hardware on the ISS.

Under separate contracts with ESA (FUMO and ERM Study) and as a link in the development of the European Modular Cultivation System's (EMCS) functionality and biocompatibility, plant studies have been performed at The Plant Biocentre in Trondheim, Norway. The main goal was to test whether the breadboards containing the major components planned for use in the EMCS would be optimal for space experiments with plant material. The test plans and the experimental set-up for the verification of biocompatibility and biological functionality included the use of a few model plant species including cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana. The plants were tested at different developmental levels of morphological and physiological complexity (illumination, life support, humidity control, water supply, observation, short- and long-term plant growth experiments and contamination prevention). Results from the tests show that the EMCS concept is useful for long duration plant growth on the ISS.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Localization of hemiachromatopsia.

Impaired color perception with relative preservation of form vision (achromatopsia) caused by cerebral lesions was first described over a century ago. However, for many years some researchers questioned the existence of an area of cerebral cortex apart from the primary visual cortex specialized in color processing. The development of sophisticated structural and functional neuroimaging techniques has allowed verification of the cortical structures important in color perception. We describe a case of a patient with impaired color perception in one hemifield of vision (hemiachromatopsia) and compare the localization of the lesion with previous cases described in the literature. These cases show that lesions of the ventromedial occipital cortex can impair color perception and leave form vision intact.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Relationship between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AAA) and cell division in temperature-sensitive filamentous mutants of Bacillus subtilis SB 19. III. Characterization of pre-incubation effect and effect of AAA-inhibitor produced by Agrostemma githago seedlings].

Further results on the correlations between the regulation of bacterial cell division and amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase are presented. Activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, extracted from a filamentous mutant of Bacillus subtilis SB 19, may be stimulated by preincubation of crude extracts. The mechanism of this stimulating effect has been studied by means of an inhibitor of amino-acyl-tRNA synthetases produced during the growth of Agrostemma githago-seedlings. According to preliminary results we suggest, this inhibitor can reduce the activity of subunits only, but not that of higher associates. Association of subunits to oligomers will be prevented by the inhibitor, too. Our results may be indicative of the assumption that the increase of enzyme activity during subunits with a low catalytic activity to functional oligomers. As to the verification of these hypotheses further work will still have to be done.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1986

Dynamic and nonspecific dispersal of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-I integration in cultured lymphoma cells.

The progression of HTLV-I proviral integration over a 3-year period of in vitro culture was examined in two human lymphoma lines, Hut 102 and MJ. Using specific HTLV-I molecular clones and a Southern analysis at different cell passages, Hut 102 increased from 2 to 19 integrated proviral integrations while MJ increased to at least 25 different integrations by passage 43. During the progress of increased superinfection and novel integration in vitro some of the previous proviral integrations were lost from the cultures. The 19 integrations of late passage Hut 102 cells were shown to be dispersed to 19 different human chromosomes by analysis of 34 distinct rodent X Hut 102 somatic cell hybrids which segregated human chromosomes (and included proviral integrations) in different combinations. The two primary integrations in Hut 102 were located on human chromosomes 4 and 20, respectively. A similar pattern of nonspecific integration was observed in somatic cell hybrid analysis of the 25 proviral integrations of MJ. The dynamic infection-reintegration process in vitro revealed in these studies may confuse experimental verification of potential cis acting functions of HTLV-I in the as yet poorly understood mechanism of neoplastic transformation.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2005

Lentiviral vector delivery of recombinant small interfering RNA expression cassettes.

Lentiviral vectors are able to transduce nondividing cells and maintain sustained long-term expression of transgenes. Many cells types, including brain, liver, muscle and hematopoietic stem cells, have been successfully transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying a variety of genes. These properties make lentiviral vectors attractive vehicles for delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) genes into mammalian cells. RNA polymerase III (pol III) promoters are most commonly used for expressing siRNAs from lentiviral vectors. Pol III promoters are relatively small, have high activity, and use simple termination signals of short stretches of Us. It is possible to include several pol III expression cassettes in a single lentiviral vector backbone to express different siRNAs or to combine siRNAs with other transgenes. This chapter describes the delivery of pol III-promoted siRNAs by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-based lentiviral vectors and covers vector design, production, and verification of siRNA expression and function. This chapter should be useful for establishing a lentiviral vector-based delivery of siRNAs in experiments that require long-term gene knockdown or developing siRNA-based approaches for gene therapy applications.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Synthesis and use of FSCPX, an irreversible adenosine A1 antagonist, as a 'receptor knock-down' tool.

A new preparative synthetic route for the irreversible adenosine A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-3-N-[3-((3-(4-fluorosulphonyl)benzoyl)-oxy)-propyl]-1-N-propyl-xanthine (FSCPX, 1) is described. The availability of ample amounts of the irreversible antagonist FSCPX allowed us to use FSCPX as a research tool for adenosine A1 receptors in in vivo experiments. After verification of the irreversible antagonistic function of FSCPX in in vitro experiments, FSCPX was used successfully as a 'receptor knock-down' tool in in vivo experiments on conscious rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Overexpression of bcl-2 in T cells affects insulitis in the nonobese diabetic mouse.

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a useful model for human autoimmune diabetes. The gene for the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 has previously been suggested as a probable susceptibility candidate for the NOD mouse disease. In this study, we investigated how overexpression of Bcl-2 in lymphocytes might affect insulitis in NOD mice. A bcl-2 transgene expressed constitutively under the SV40-promoter and the 5'Igh enhancer, Emu, was bred onto NOD background. Two bcl-2 transgenic NOD strains were produced and analysed, one with overexpression of Bcl-2 on only B cells and the other with overexpression of Bcl-2 on both B and T cells. Subsequent to verification of expression pattern and functionality of the transgene, insulitis intensity was investigated in different backcross generations of the two transgenic strains. Overexpression of Bcl-2 on both B and T cells leads to a statistically significant protection of the mice from insulitis compared with normal littermates. Overexpression of Bcl-2 on only B cells, on the other hand, does not have any statistically significant effect on insulitis. Possible mechanisms for the effect of Bcl-2 on insulitis in NOD mice are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Refining an emergent life-style-change theory through matrix analysis.

Matrix analysis is a methodologic tool used by researchers to systematically enter qualitative data into matrices and to simultaneously perform the complex integrative functions of data analysis and verification of findings. The article focuses on (1) the steps of qualitative data analysis that can be achieved by using matrix analysis, (2) the appropriate conditions for using matrix analysis, (3) the procedure for constructing a matrix, (4) the application of matrix analysis to a research problem that involved refining an emergent theory of the health life-style-change process, and (5) the use of matrix analysis to meet the criteria for trustworthiness of research findings.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

The Internet as cure for inefficient office business processes.

Application service providers (ASPs) offer medical groups unprecedented efficiency in practice management via the Internet at low subscription rates. With online, real-time access to registration, scheduling, eligibility verification, claims processing and collection functions, medical groups can streamline workflow and better care for patients, while optimizing their reimbursement potential.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1988

Blood pressure, nephrosclerosis, and age autopsy findings from the Honolulu Heart Program.

The aspect of nephrosclerosis reflected by fibrous intimal thickening of small arteries (arteriosclerosis) was measured by a newly introduced morphometric procedure in 154 autopsies of Japanese-American men in Honolulu. These men were subjects of the Honolulu Heart Program and had previously been assessed for blood pressure and other clinical characteristics in a prospective study. In periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained sections of renal cortex, measurements were made of interlobular artery diameters and intimal thicknesses. Vessels of outer diameter 80 to 130 microns and 160 to 300 microns were examined separately and are called the "remote" and "close" levels of the interlobular arteries, respectively, defined in relation to the heart. Nephrosclerosis thus quantified, together with age, could be used to predict the levels of blood pressure (BP) to be found in retrospective review of past records. The mathematical function obtained in a former study to make these predictions was found to predict the observed levels of blood pressure to an acceptable degree in the groupings that involved 92% of the subjects. Verification of that formerly obtained predictive function is now claimed. Correlation coefficients relating BP to close and remote measures were about of equal magnitude (r = 0.34 and 0.40, respectively). Subjects with cardiovascular-renal causes of death differed in both nephrosclerosis and blood pressure from subjects whose cause of death was unrelated to cardiovascular-renal diseases; the two factors taken together each contributed significantly to the cause of death difference. Correlations between nephrosclerosis and aortic atherosclerosis were stronger than could be explained solely by a linkage to observed values of blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Does stretching induce lasting increases in joint ROM? A systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stretching (that is, interventions that apply tension to soft tissues) induces increases in the extensibility of soft tissues, and is therefore widely administered to increase joint mobility and reverse contractures. However, it is not clear whether the effects of stretching are lasting. A systematic review was conducted to determine if stretching (either self-administered, administered manually by therapists or by some external device such as a splint) produces lasting increases in the mobility of joints not directly affected by surgery, trauma or disease processes. METHOD: In order to determine the lasting effects of stretching, only studies that measured joint range of motion (ROM) at least one day after the cessation of stretching were included. MEDLINE (from 1966 to June 2000), EMBASE (from 1988 to June 2000), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and PEDro databases were searched, and citation tracking was used to identify randomized studies that met the inclusion criteria. Each study was rated by two independent assessors on the PEDro scale, which rated trials according to criteria such as concealed allocation, blinding and intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. All examined the effect of stretching (median number of stretch sessions = eight) on joint ROM in healthy subjects without functionally significant contractures. Four studies were of 'moderate' quality and the remaining nine were of 'poor' quality. The 'moderate' quality studies suggest that regular stretching increases joint ROM (mean increase in ROM = 8 degrees; 95% CI 6 degrees to 9 degrees) for more than one day after cessation of stretching and possibly that the effects of stretching are greater in muscle groups with limited extensibility. CONCLUSIONS: The results of four 'moderate' quality studies show a convincing effect of stretching in people without functionally significant contracture. These findings require verification with high-quality studies. Lasting effects of intensive stretching programmes (for example, stretching applied for more than six weeks or for more than 20 minutes a day) or of stretching on people with functionally significant contracture have not yet been investigated with randomized studies.

Exercise Therapy↗
PubMed1994

[MRI monitoring of reconstruction of ligaments of the upper ankle joint after injury].

The therapy of fibular ligament ruptures is still a controversial subject. Reports on healing processes following operative or conservative treatment have been verified hitherto by means of clinical examinations and stress tests. The MRT, as a highly sensitive non-invasive method, allows exact documentation of the ligament structures in the ankle joints. This technique was used in a randomized clinical trial over a 6-month period. The 29 patients (ages 17-51 years) had recent ligament rupture [admission criteria: clinical signs of trauma, talar tilt in anteroposterior stress radiographs (15 kp) > or = 10 degrees, talar shift > or = 10 mm] were examined with regard to ligament healing during functional therapy with AIRCAST pneumatic leg braces. Within the first week an MRT was done for verification of ligament injury. Treatment was conservative and functional: lower leg cast for 2 weeks and subsequent mobilization with protection provided by an AIRCAST brace. Follow-up examination was 3 months after injury, taking the form of clinical examination, a-p-radiographs with stress tests, and MRT. In all patients both clinical and radiological examination confirmed that ligament structures had healed, as was also verified by MRT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Scintigraphic assessment of ectopic splenic tissue localization and function following splenectomy for trauma.

Twenty-three subjects who had a splenectomy as a result of trauma underwent scintigraphic evaluation with a sensitive heat-denatured 99mTc-labeled red blood cells (DRBC). This method enabled detection of ectopic splenic tissue foci (ESTF) as small as 1 X 1 cm in diameter. ESTF splenosis or accessory spleen was detected in 15 cases (65%), a higher incidence than previously reported. The size of the ESTF ranged from 1 X 1 to 5 X 10 cm (0.8-40 cm2), and 53% were less than 2 X 2 cma (3 cm2). A new multiparametric scintigraphic evaluating technique is described, which estimates the quantity of ESTF and its grade of activity, relative to that of the liver. The technique is a highly efficient assessor of ESTF function. Good correlation was found between the size and activity of the ESTF and the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies (HJB), but with a low sensitivity for detecting small ESTF. Correlation was low between residual splenic tissue and concentrations of IgM, IgA and IgG immunoglobulins. The 99mTc-DRBC method described is recommended for verification of ESTF existence, localization, and function.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ensuring data quality in a multicenter clinical trial: remote site data entry, central coordination and feedback.

In an ongoing multicenter clinical trial, "Treatment Strategies in Schizophrenia," the five participating sites have the capacity to perform a variety of tasks or study functions independently. These tasks include (a) verification of diagnostic eligibility through the use of computerized decision algorithms; (b) assignment of patients to treatment based on prognostic indicators using a computerized randomization algorithm; (c) entry of data into a microcomputer using a clinical trial data management system that performs simple range and missing data item checks; and (d) regular transfer of all data to the central coordinating team. The clinical trial data management system employed allows for both independent site functioning and assurance of consistency across sites. The integration of a variety of software outside the main data management system provides the central coordinators with the tools to monitor critical data as it is collected, as well as the capacity to assess the flow, quality, and uniformity of the ongoing trial.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2007

Employing spectra of polycrystalline materials for the verification of optical constants obtained from corresponding low-symmetry single crystals.

The determination of optical constants from spectra of low-symmetry single crystals or from spectra stemming from unfavorable crystal faces by dispersion analysis is a difficult task. Besides oscillator frequencies, band positions can additionally depend on oscillator strength as well as on the relative orientation of the transition moment. Therefore the results of the analysis are highly prone to errors. We present an easy method to validate the oscillator data resulting from dispersion analysis by the comparison of measured and simulated spectra of randomly oriented polycrystalline materials. Depending on the crystallite size, either average reflectance and transmittance theory (ARTT) or average refractive index theory (ARIT) can be applied to model the spectra of polycrystalline compounds. As an alternative to ARIT, effective medium theory (EMA) can also be employed. However, since principal dielectric functions do not exist in the general triclinic case, which are needed for the application of EMA, we suggest using the eigenvalues of the dielectric tensor function instead. Our method for the verification of optical constants of single crystals is validated using monoclinic CuO as an example.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Neuroimaging evidence for object model verification theory: Role of prefrontal control in visual object categorization.

Although the visual system rapidly categorizes objects seen under optimal viewing conditions, the categorization of objects seen under impoverished viewing conditions not only requires more time but may also depend more on top-down processing, as hypothesized by object model verification theory. Two studies, one with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and one behavioral with the same stimuli, tested this hypothesis. FMRI data were acquired while people categorized more impoverished (MI) and less impoverished (LI) line drawings of objects. FMRI results revealed stronger activation during the MI than LI condition in brain regions involved in top-down control (inferior and medial prefrontal cortex, intraparietal sulcus), and in posterior, object-sensitive brain regions (ventral and dorsal occipitotemporal, and occipitoparietal cortex). The behavioral study indicated that taxing visuospatial working memory, a key component of top-down control processes during visual tasks, interferes more with the categorization of MI stimuli (but not LI stimuli) than does taxing verbal working memory. Together, these findings provide evidence for object model verification theory and implicate greater prefrontal cortex involvement in top-down control of posterior visual processes during the categorization of more impoverished images of objects.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Prediction of type 1 diabetes in the neonates of diabetic mothers or fathers].

OBJECTIVE: Verification of the possibility to predict diabetes in the neonates of mothers and fathers with Type 1 diabetes. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Mother and Child Care Institute, Prague. Paediatric Clinic of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine at the Charles University, Prague. METHODS: In 31 neonates of mothers and fathers with Type 1 diabetes, the long-term and short-term risk of the occurrence of Type 1 diabetes was established. The genotypification of HLA, DQB1, HLA DQA1 and DRB1 *04 was carried out by using the PCR method to establish the long-term risk and according to the result of the examination, the examined child was included into one of the five categories of genetic risk. In all the monitored persons, the levels of antibodies against GAD65, IA-2 and IRA insulin were repeatedly identified by means of the methods, which are the markers of autoimmune insulitis and show the short-term risk of the occurrence of diabetes. The function-related examination of secretion of beta cells was carried out by using the intravenous glucose tolerance test (i.v. GTT) in children with significant titres of one or more antibodies. RESULTS: A very high risk of the occurrence of Type 1 diabetes was identified in 1 child with the genotype DQA1*03-DQB1*0201/DQA1*05-DQB1*0302 (3.23%); an increased risk was identified in 12 children (38.71%); a medium risk was identified in 11 children (35.48%); a relatively low risk was identified in 3 child (9,68%) and a low risk was identified in 4 children (12,90%). In 4 children (12.9%), a strongly protective alelle DQB1*0602 was found. In 4 children, positivity for one of the antibodies was identified. In 1 child of a diabetic father with an increased genetic risk, there was a decrease in the titre of antibodies in the case of repeated check and function-related examination of the insulin secretion (FPIR) will be carried out. In another child, disappearance of antibodies was identified when samples were taken for verification; function-related examination of insulin secretion produced normal results, and the child has remained without clinical manifestation of diabetes. In a third child, the positivity of the antibodies from the umbilical blood was only temporary and was probably caused by a passive transfer from the mother; now, when repeated checks were made, the antibodies have remained negative. In a fourth child, the parents refused further examinations after antibody positivity was observed; the child has been without clinical manifestation of diabetes up until now. CONCLUSION: This scheme for predicting diabetes by means of immunogenetic and immunological examination of risk individuals is a rational measure aimed at timely identification of autoimmune insulitis, which precedes the occurrence of Type 1 diabetes, and it should become a standard part of diabetological care.

Autoantibodies↗