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PubMed1984

Forensic pathology and the autopsy.

Questionnaires sent to representative medicolegal jurisdictions in the United States showed that medicolegal necropsies comprise a substantial proportion of the total number of autopsies performed. Qualitative differences between customary hospital autopsies and their forensic counterparts include autopsy bias, the importance of trauma, biological variability, and medicolegal logic. Because of these differences, medicolegal autopsies have an important role to play in the education of undergraduate and graduate medical students and should be incorporated into the training programs of academic departments of pathology.

Autopsy↗
PubMed2003

Virtopsy, a new imaging horizon in forensic pathology: virtual autopsy by postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--a feasibility study.

Using postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 40 forensic cases were examined and findings were verified by subsequent autopsy. Results were classified as follows: (I) cause of death, (II) relevant traumatological and pathological findings, (III) vital reactions, (IV) reconstruction of injuries, (V) visualization. In these 40 forensic cases, 47 partly combined causes of death were diagnosed at autopsy, 26 (55%) causes of death were found independently using only radiological image data. Radiology was superior to autopsy in revealing certain cases of cranial, skeletal, or tissue trauma. Some forensic vital reactions were diagnosed equally well or better using MSCT/MRI. Radiological imaging techniques are particularly beneficial for reconstruction and visualization of forensic cases, including the opportunity to use the data for expert witness reports, teaching, quality control, and telemedical consultation. These preliminary results, based on the concept of "virtopsy," are promising enough to introduce and evaluate these radiological techniques in forensic medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Forensic pathological observations on fatal injuries to the brain stem and/or upper cervical spinal cord in traffic accidents.

A retrospective study was performed on 149 forensic autopsy cases (12 in Kanazawa and 137 in Munich) of brain stem and/or upper cervical spinal cord (UCSC) injuries as a result of traffic accidents. Pedestrians were the most common type of victims, followed by car drivers. Eleven of the 12 Kanazawa victims were pedestrians. The total ratio of pedestrian victims gradually increased with age. The ponto-medullary junction was the most frequently injured site. A total of 146 cases demonstrated basal skull fractures and/or dislocation of the upper cervical joints: atlanto-occipital joint, atlanto-axial joint, or the joint between the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae. However, in three cases, hyperextension of the neck unexpectedly caused brain stem injury neither associated with basal skull fracture nor with cervical dislocation. Intraventricular haemorrhage was found in 96 cases, suggesting a common feature associated with brain stem and/or UCSC injury. A tear of the basilar artery and that of the carotid artery was found in 17 and 20 cases respectively. A total of 39 victims demonstrated a blood alcohol concentration of over 0.5 mg/ml, and hyperextension of the neck occurred more frequently in these cases. In spite of the marked predominance of immediate death (138 cases), 11 cases (nine of brain stem injury and two of UCSC injury) had unexpected survival times of from 45 min to 12 h.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

[Myofibril degeneration of heart muscle: diagnostic value of selected forensic pathology case material].

Information on the incidence of myofibrillary degeneration (MFD) was obtained by investigating the hearts of seven groups of cases with different forensic diagnosis using luxol fast blue as a staining method. The following diagnostic groups were examined: acute morphine intoxication, acute carbon monoxide intoxication, hanging, strangling by hand and/or ligature, drowning, acute hemorrhagic shock and sudden infant death syndrome. MFD positive cases were found in all diagnostic groups, but the morphologic expression of MFD as well the number of cases per group differed: The phenomenon of cytoplasmatic banding could be observed in nearly all cases of hanging, strangling and acute hemorrhagic shock; the phenomenon of diffuse cytoplasmatic staining in most cases of drowning. The diagnostic importance is discussed.

Adult↗