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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Folklore in children's odontology.

Popular customs with regard to tooth replacement are closely linked to magical ideas. The most important ones--such as throwing the tooth on the roof, giving it to mice or hiding it in different places--occur in places which are very far distant from one another, indicating that these customs originate from ancestral cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[On the "folkloric" psychotherapy to schizophrenic patients--based on phenomenological study].

Psychotherapeutic treatment of schizophrenia is generally considered difficult. One reason for this is that the doctor and patient can easily fall into a relationship of conflict with each other concerning the propriety of "judgments which are morbidly and mistakenly made (K. Jaspers)", referred to as delusions. We carried out close phenomenological structure-analyses of the delusions and of patients' fundamental experiences, based on the premise that a patient with delusions probably has some actual grounding for these in the patient's own concepts, considering the fact that the patient firmly believes these delusions. As a result, we have clarified the following matters from the primary experience of delusions. 1) We found that patients are in a conflicted mental condition which can be considered a collapse of adaptability to "Seken". 2) In this condition of conflict, patients feel guilt relative to "Seken" or feel that they are indebted and should be punished. When patients complained of their primary experience, we were able to persuade them to reserve their judgment of their primary experience, by 3) having each patient listen to the folktale "Torikuyou" in which the "logic of stealing" and the "logic of being stolen", appear in a reciprocal relationship relative to the constitution of crime and punishment, by 4) explaining to each patient about the ambiguity and reciprocity of reality experienced, 5) instead of disputing the propriety of patient's judgment about primary experience, doctor and patient worked together to enable the patient to form a positive understanding of the primary experience. 6) We reduced the patient's psychological conflict relative to primary experience, and were able to defuse and distance the patient's delusions caused by erroneous judgment of primary experience. 7) Regarding the area in which this type of psychotherapeutic approach shows efficacy, we analyzed the concept of "Seken" as a world which can cause conflicts relative to primary experiences. 8) We also analyzed "Giri" as a norm of "Seken" from which patients misconceive that they have deviated, in addition, 9) from the viewpoints of anthropology and cultural anthropology, we analyzed the bases for "Kotowaza (proverbs)" and "Monogatari (folktale)" such as "Torikuyou", which themselves can show psychotherapeutic efficacy. We consider that the psychotherapeutic approach has previously been developed around the concepts of the "individual" and "society", but we made our psychotherapeutic approach from the concept of "Seken" (yononaka = hito: person) that is a structure with deep strata of tradition and culture in Japan, and have reported its concrete development through the presentation of 3 typical cases of schizophrenia with difficulty in adapting to society due to showing the delusion of persecution in their foreground.

Female↗
PubMed1998

What Folklore Tells Us about Risk and Risk Taking: Cross-Cultural Comparisons of American, German, and Chinese Proverbs.

Two studies attempted to discriminate between a situational-economic and a cultural explanation for the recently reported finding that Chinese from the People's Republic of China (PRC) are more risk-seeking than Americans. Both studies compared American and Chinese proverbs related to risk and risk-taking. The first study added Germany as a control group for its socioeconomic similarity to the United States but its closer resemblance to the PRC in its social safety-net and cultural collectivism. Members of each culture rated American, Chinese, and German risk-related proverbs, respectively, on implied advice (to take or avoid risk) and applicability to financial or social risks. Results were consistent with the cultural explanation of national differences in risk taking: (a) Chinese and German proverbs were judged to provide more risk-seeking advice than American proverbs; (b) American proverbs were judged less applicable to risks in the social domain than Chinese and German proverbs; (c) regardless of national origin of proverbs, Chinese perceived proverbs to advocate greater risk-seeking than American raters, but only for financial and not for social risks. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. From folklore to facts.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a simple, inexpensive laboratory test that clinicians have used for decision-making for over 50 years. Despite this fact, many criticize the test because of its lack of specificity and because the concept of erythrocyte sedimentation rate as a "sickness index" seems scientifically unsound. This review discusses the physical and chemical properties that govern red blood cell sedimentation, how sedimentation is measured, and the way in which the erythrocyte sedimentation rate has previously been used to assist in the diagnosis of infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic disease. The clinical significance, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a low or elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are also re-evaluated.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1982

Geaster mammosum: a bactericidal fungus used in Himalayan folklore.

The discovery is described of the high bactericidal and healing properties of basidiospores of a "star fungus" identified as Geaster mammosum Chev. (family: Geastraceae) growing saprophytically in pine forests. It is used in folk medicine for burns by the inhabitants of Kumaon. This drug was clinically tried on 25 patients with karnasrava (otorrhoea), 8 with karnasula (earache), 7 with vrana (wounds) and 2 with nabhipaka (umbilical sepsis) showing an improvement/cure in almost all cases. The drug offers potential for development as a therapeutic agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacological evaluation of the folklore of Sphenostylis stenocarpa.

The pharmacological effects of an aqueous extract of Sphenostylis stenocarpa seed were investigated in albino mice. Acute toxicity testing indicated the LD50 to be 570 mg/kg, i.p. The extract significantly potentiated pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time. Increasing the dose of the extract correspondingly increased the sleeping time up to a dose of 60 mg/kg i.p. The extract did not protect mice from convulsions and death resulting from the administration of strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or leptazol (100 mg/kg, s.c.).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activity of certain Indian medicinal plants used in folkloric medicine.

Fifty medicinal plants belonging to 26 families were studied for their antimicrobial activity. Among 50 plants tested, 72% showed antimicrobial activity. About 22 plant extracts from 15 families exhibited activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fourteen plants belonging to 11 families did not show activity against any of the bacteria tested. Only nine plant extracts showed antifungal activity. The bulb extracts of A. cepa and A. sativum exhibited activity against both filamentous and non-filamentous fungus. Eight plant extracts belonging to seven families exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗