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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Willingness to pay for publicly-provided goods. A possible measure of benefit?

The results presented in this paper arise from a U.K.-based study aimed at determining peoples' willingness to pay for two publicly-provided goods, namely continuing-care for elderly people in either hospital or National Health Service (NHS) nursing homes. Seventy-one per cent of respondents provided evaluations which could contribute to the analysis which showed that the group which preferred NHS nursing-home care could potentially compensate the group which preferred hospital care and still remain better off, thus rendering NHS nursing-home care the efficient option to undertake. No variable could be found which discriminated between those who could place a value on both types of care and those who could not. The willingness-to-pay methodology is very experimental in this context and should be investigated thoroughly before its widespread adoption in the evaluation of health care techniques.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The financing of long term care in Ireland.

Major changes are proposed for the financing and regulation of the nursing home sector in Ireland. For the first time the payment of public subvention is to be related explicitly to the means and dependency of old people. More detailed proposals have, however, yet to be worked out. This paper reviews the proposed developments and makes concrete recommendations with respect to the means testing of income and assets. The issue of consumer sovereignty is also considered. Finally, the necessity for a co-ordinated and integrated policy with respect to the financing, regulation and organisation of public and private care is stressed, particularly as a means of improving the quality of service provision.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Health care and income distribution in Finland.

This paper examines the effects of health care on income redistribution in Finland. In contrast to earlier studies in this area, the redistributive effect is analysed with noncash transfers from health care utilisation included in household income. Distributional consequences of changing health care financing towards one system or another are analysed in terms of municipality provided public services and sickness insurance based public services. Our results show that, overall, the public health care system distributed income from the rich to the poor. The poorest one-third of the population financed only about one-third of the public health care services they utilised. The distributional implications were, however, markedly different depending on the definition of income used. Whereas health care financing had only a marginal redistributive effect, the effect was substantially increased as noncash transfers from health care utilisation were taken into account.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1983

Primary health care in rural China: post-1978 development.

Primary Health Care in rural China is examined with particular reference to its development since 1978. The expansion and professionalization of the post-Mao rural health system is described and illustrated with examples from particular communes. The financing of the three-tiered health care system between 1967 and 1978 is described and some of the major problems in implementing current objectives are analyzed.

China↗
PubMed1986

Financing health development projects: some macro-economic considerations.

The paper briefly discusses the importance of macro-economic policy in health sector financing. The ways in which monetary and fiscal policy (macro-economic policy) affect interest rates, price levels and aggregate output are presented. The main portion of the paper considers a variety of methods for public financing of health and development projects. These approaches are analyzed in light of distributional and efficiency considerations. One way of increasing health sector resources is through reallocation from other sectors of the economy. The potential for redistribution from the defense to the health service industry is briefly considered.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1992

Financing health services in Sub-Saharan Africa: options for decision makers during adjustment.

The financing of health services has become an increasingly critical and urgent issue in many developing countries particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper analyses options available to policy makers. The possible effects and side effects of strategies are described based on the experience from different countries. The dangers of simplistic solutions are discussed. A cautious approach is recommended taking into consideration the lessons learned in other regions accompanied by a careful ongoing evaluation especially regarding the ability to pay of the poorer sections of the population. Providing for equity in health care should be an important guiding principle. It therefore appears to be necessary to find an appropriate mix of public and private sector interventions with elements of cost-sharing for services and drugs, insurance schemes and more efficient use of available resources.

Africa↗
PubMed1995

Health care reforms in Russia: the example of St Petersburg.

This paper describes the changes being introduced into the Russian health care system, particularly the introduction of a compulsory social health insurance system which is paralleled by encouragement of independent health insurance. An example of the implementation of these changes is provided by the early developments in St Petersburg. The effects of the likely changes on health care providers and users are discussed. It is argued that in the light of these reforms, as well as change in other countries, a revision is necessary in the perspectives adopted by geographers of health care to compare national health systems.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1996

Beyond the orthodox: heresy in medicine and the social sciences from a cross-cultural perspective.

An analysis of the concepts of orthodoxy and heresy with due consideration to the social context (historical, religious, cross-cultural dimensions), within which the terms are discussed, leads us to look historically at its European significance embodied in the witch-craze of the 15th-17th centuries. One way to conceptualize heresy is to analyze it in the context of the relationship of the scientists and scientific theories vis-á-vis societal establishment (ie. power bases such as governments, finance bases, public consensus). Today, unorthodoxy lies in attempts to accomplish interdisciplinary work, or in proposing alternative explanatory strategies (as in alternative medicine). A shift in scientific paradigms seems to characterize the revolutionary changes of our era. The foremost challenge in the construction of new paradigms seems to be the ability to effectively integrate the components of emotion or feelings taking into account both those of the researcher as well as those who are being investigated. This will involve a new conceptualization of objectivity. In an era which is distinguished by globalization, such a task necessitates a new level of understanding that integrates gender related analysis as well as the implications of the recognition of cross-cultural interaction and cultural diversity.

Christianity↗
PubMed2005

Funding, technical assistance, and other resources for school-based health centers.

To facilitate the successful implementation of school-based health centers (SBHCs), funding streams and technical assistance are needed from various resources. The core funding models for service delivery include federal grants, state grants, local funding, community partnerships, foundations, and patient revenue. Technical assistance opportunities are available through professional organizations, SBHC associations, state health departments, and primary care associations at the national and state levels. This article explores the various federal, state, and local funding sources, and the technical assistance resources and opportunities available to SBHCs and their staff.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Effectiveness of lead-hazard control interventions on dust lead loadings: findings from the evaluation of the HUD Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Grant Program.

From 1994 to 1999, the Evaluation of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development Lead-Based Paint Hazard Control Grant Program studied the intervention experiences of over 2800 homes in 11 states in the USA. Each interior intervention was categorized as (in order of increasing intensity) (a) cleaning/spot painting; (b) complete repainting; (c) complete repainting plus window treatments; (d) window abatement plus treatments to other components; (e) abatement of all lead-based paint hazards; or (f) abatement of all lead-based paint. Complete dust testing and environmental data were available for 1034 and 278 dwellings through 12 and 36 months postintervention, respectively. Strategies ranging from complete repainting to window abatement plus other treatments reduced geometric mean preintervention windowsill and floor dust lead loadings up to 36 months postintervention (reductions for complete repainting, from 16 to 5 microg/ft2 on floors and 182 to 88 microg/ft2 on sills; for window abatement plus other treatments, 27-8 microg/ft2 on floors and 570-124 microg/ft2 on sills). Full abatement reduced windowsill and floor loadings from baseline to 12 months postintervention [95-6 microg/ft2 on floors and 518-30 microg/ft2 on sills (data were not available for this strategy at 36 months)]. Window lead-hazard abatement was the most effective measure to reduce dust lead loadings on windows, but this treatment would need to be performed in conjunction with treatments to floors as well as exterior and soil treatments for the most effective control of dust lead on floors.

Dust↗
PubMed1988

Financing residency training in urology.

Five educators concerned with changes occurring in the financing of medical education and care reviewed the present status of residency programs and their financing. Future support depends on political decisions as well as demonstrable needs. The effects of anticipated reductions in funding for residents and their programs may be countered by the development of alternative sources and the restructuring of present programs for more efficient operation. The need for leadership is clear.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗