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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Credentialing the public health workforce: an idea whose time has come.

The importance of a well-prepared public health workforce is widely recognized and appreciated. Strategies for enhancing workforce capacity and competency have been discussed by agencies, associations, committees, and expert panels since the landmark 1988 Institute of Medicine report. The need to foster the development of incentives for lifelong learning and career growth is of current interest to national public health associations and federal agencies. The fact that the public health workforce is not a single profession, but rather a fabric of many professions dedicated to a common endeavor, creates challenges to any singular approach. This article explores the relationships among competency, certification, and accreditation and summarizes the expert panel dialogue on workforce development incentives, specifically regarding certification and credentialing. The authors challenge public health leaders to become actively involved in framing the issues so the best possible strategies can be developed.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Legal aspects of genetic information.

The federally funded Human Genome Initiative will lead to the development of new capabilities to learn about an individual's genetic status. Legal issues are raised concerning patients' and other parties' access to that information. This article discusses the effect of existing statutes and case law on three pivotal questions: To what sort of information are people entitled? What control should people have over their genetic information? Do people have a right to refuse genetic information? The article emphasizes that the law protects a patient's right to obtain or refuse genetic information about oneself, as well as the right to control the dissemination of that information to others.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1990

Not-for-profit hospitals fight tax-exempt challenges.

The message being sent by local tax boards, state agencies, and the Internal Revenue Service is clear: Not-for-profit hospitals will have to justify their tax-exempt status. But complying with this demand can be a costly administrative burden. Just ask the executives who have been through the experience. CEO Richard Anderson, of St. Luke's Hospital, Bethlehem, PA, is luckier than some executives who have faced tax-exempt challenges. He won his hospital's case. But he still faces a yearly battle: The hospital must prove its compliance annually to the county board of assessors. Other executives report similar experiences. Our cover story takes an in-depth look at how administrators faced challenges to their hospital's tax status and what they learned about their relationship with their communities, as well as a complete state and federal legislative outlook for future developments.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed1988

[Fundamental thoughts on special education in Lüdenscheid].

The City of Lüdenscheid's hospital school considers itself a place of learning and education in accordance with article 1 of the School law of the federal state of Northrhine-Westfalia. The students, as far as their psychophysical condition permits, are educated in groups, on the basis of their home school curricula and following individualized educational plans. Inclusion of all school subjects applicable for the various school types serves to prevent deterioration in student achievement, thus acting as an incentive. Specific activities, i.e. sports, work-related studies, music, arts, psychomotor activities, and an activity-focussed programming of school life are designed to make up for understimulation during the hospital stay.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Vocational and social learning of people with severe disabilities in sheltered employment.

In addition to prevocational centres for young people with disabilities about to enter the labour market and vocational training centres for older persons, the Federal Republic of Germany provides a network of sheltered workshops for those who are unable or unlikely to work under competitive conditions. This paper describes the programme for persons in the latter category, based on applications of learning theory, provided at the sheltered workshop in Detmold, Westphalia. It also reports various steps which have been taken to evaluate and refine the two-fold approach to training developed at this centre, based on job analysis and detailed appraisal of workers' social and psychological characteristics, and to apply that approach to persons with a wider range of disabilities.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed2002

Pittsburgh Regional Healthcare Initiative puts new spin on improving healthcare quality.

For nearly 4 years, the Pittsburgh Regional Healthcare Initiative (PRHI) has been working to improve the way healthcare is delivered in southwestern Pennsylvania by combining the voices and resources of hospitals, providers, the business community, insurers, health plans, and federal agencies. As one example of borrowing from business, the PRHI has created a new learning and management system, called Perfecting Patient Care, which is based on the Toyota Production System model and is now being used successfully in hospitals.

Health Care Coalitions↗
PubMed1991

Statement: occupational therapy provision for children with learning disabilities and/or mild to moderate perceptual and motor deficits.

This paper discusses three major issues in the provision of occupational therapy services to persons with learning disabilities and/or mild to moderate perceptual and motor deficits. The issues are (a) the historical influence of federal legislation on the scope and content of occupational therapy services to persons with these disabilities; (b) the provision of occupational therapy services for this population from infancy to adulthood; and (c) the context of service provision and efficacy of occupational therapy models.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A national research agenda for the postsecondary education of deaf and hard of hearing students: a road map for the future.

This article describes converging nationwide changes in the postsecondary education of students with hearing loss during the past 30 years. Simultaneous trends in the economy, labor force, and business practices have magnified the need for literacy, postsecondary training, and career skills. These conditions stimulated institutional and professional activities that led to drafting a National Research Agenda report to guide development of federally funded research projects in postsecondary education. These studies will enhance better understanding of the complex interactions of diverse support services, learning-living environments, and student populations in a broad continuum of post-high school vocational and academic training programs. The conceptual framework of the Agenda is explained, as are its expected goals, criteria for research projects, benefits, and outcomes. This article interweaves the perspectives and roles of postsecondary and vocational rehabilitation professionals, federal officials, and researchers contributing to the preparation of the Agenda report. Relevant national research studies are cited and consumer involvement in research is emphasized.

Education of Persons with Hearing Disabilities↗
PubMed2004

Web-based learning in undergraduate medical education: development and assessment of an online course on experimental surgery.

In order to increase the number of practical and discussion classes offered to students in the traditional-curriculum scenario, while decreasing the lecture-based ones and to create an online community to share knowledge on surgery, we developed and assessed the first online course for undergraduate medical students on experimental surgery at the Federal University of Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Brazil. The purposes of the present study are: describe and discuss the process and the lessons learned involved in developing an undergraduate web-based course and analyze the students' attitude towards this educational environment. A group of medical students was taught online during 5 weeks on the theory of experimental surgery through video quizzes, required readings, collaborative activities using discussion board and asynchronous communication. The students' knowledge gain, their web session variables and the results of the course evaluation were used to support our study. The students have significantly improved their knowledge on experimental surgery after the course. Among factors in the online course that could possibly have contributed to this gain, the interactive activities (video quizzes), key element in our online material, seemed to be promising for candidates. The evaluation results demonstrated high levels of course functionality, effectiveness of its online content and acceptance among medical students. This study indicated that a web-based course for undergraduate students may be successfully developed and implemented in medical settings and the students seem to be quite supportive. We encourage undergraduate medical learning strategies involving the Web.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Some professional and scientific problems and opportunities for biofeedback.

This paper will deal with a variety of topics such as dangers and opportunities from the developing crisis in health care costs, a cooperative study of the cost-effectiveness of treatments for headaches, the need for a federation of related societies, exploiting remarkable electronic advances, the wide range of adaptive functions of visceral learning (including its role in homeostasis), why maladjustments occur and their implications for biofeedback, and the need for analytic experiments involving adequate amounts of training.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Australia's public health response to HIV and HCV: a role for 'affected' communities.

This paper identifies a number of the key elements that underpinned the success of Australia's public health response to minimizing the spread of HIV. It is argued that one major factor was the high level of collaboration between health care professionals and "affected" communities, such as injecting drug users, sex industry workers and gay men. This collaboration allowed for the negotiation, development and implementation of the range of innovative HIV initiatives that were ultimately responsible for keeping HIV in the injecting drug use and sex industry to low levels. Despite the central role played by injecting drug users and their peer based organizations, the significance of their activities has gone largely unacknowledged by senior health bureaucrats and politicians. As a consequence, advice from injecting drug users and their peer-based organizations on the current hepatitis C epidemic has been largely ignored. Instead of learning from Australia's HIV experience and involving these groups in consultation and advisory roles, the Federal Government has reverted to accepting advice from only established mainstream organizations. It is argued that the success of infection control outside mainstream communities, such as among injecting drug users, can most effectively be achieved through the involvement of these "affected" communities. There is a need at the local, national and international levels to ensure both the involvement of "affected" communities and that recognition is given to them for the significant and essential role they play in infection control.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1964

SENSITIVITY OF THE HEAD TO X-RAY.

Rats have been trained to respond to signals consisting of very low doses of chi-ray directed to the head. This stimulus is probably received in the vicinity of the olfactory bulbs and adjacent neural structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Clinical characteristics of a population of dyslexic children in Assiut, Egypt.

Two groups of pupils from special tract learning schools were randomly selected for this study. The first group (55 pupils) fulfilled the World Federation of Neurology (WFN) definition of developmental dyslexia (DD). The second group (retarded readers, RR) included 20 pupils with IQs between 80 and 90. A group of normal readers was randomly selected from the 5 school grades as a control group. This study showed that the performance IQ of the DD group was not only higher than the verbal IQ, but the DD group also had superior performance IQ compared to normal readers. In the arithmetic achievement test, both DD and RR groups had nearly similar total scores, which were significantly lower than that of the control group. None of the arithmetic subtests could differentiate between DD and RR groups. In linguistic achievement tests, only spontaneous writing and oral spelling could differentiate subjects with DD from the RR group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning needs of nurses working in Canada's First Nations communities and hospitals.

BACKGROUND: What are the learning needs of nurses providing services to Canada's First Nations Communities and Hospitals? First Nations (or Indian Band) are similar to communities except some comprise more than one geographic Native community. Aboriginal (or Native) individuals are members of the North American Indian, Inuit, or Métis peoples of Canada; those who reported being a Treaty or Registered Indian (with the Federal Government); or those who are members of an Indian Band/First Nation. METHOD: A Canada-wide survey was completed to determine the learning needs of nurses working with Canada's Aboriginal persons. RESULTS: Nurses indicated both broad and specific aspects of their clinical practice, which were important to their continuing education (CE) needs. Broad thematic areas for continuing education included the following: emergency/acute care and obstetrics/gynecology clinical skills, health and physical assessment, mental health, and prenatal and postnatal care. Specific areas nurses cited for CE included issues related to: victims of violence; non-compliant clients; substance abuse; and fetal alcohol syndrome. CONCLUSION: This study examined the learning needs of nurses working with Canada's Native people and provided a basis for comparing and contrasting CE issues of these nurses to other nurses working in remote locations around the world.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Patient safety: the challenges and opportunities for the ESRD program.

The Institute of Medicine's report, issued December 1999, entitled "To Err is Human; Building a Safer System," describes the magnitude of the problem of errors in medicine and carts an agenda for improving patient safety. The essential features include establishing patient safety as a national focus, identifying and learning from errors, passing legislation to protect reporting, and adopting the patient safety sciences. The presidential report of February 2000, issued by the Quality Interagency Task Force (QuIC), formulates a federal government response across all federal agencies. The challenges and opportunities facing the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) Program and the ESRD Network Organizations include taking a leadership role, raising awareness, conducting educational programs, and facilitating making errors visible, for the purposes of learning and improvement.

Humans↗