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PubMed2006

Effects of discrete emotions on young children's ability to discern fantasy and reality.

This study examined 3- to 5-year-olds' (N = 128; 54% girls) ability to discriminate emotional fantasy and reality. Children viewed images depicting fantastic or real events that elicited several emotions, reported whether each event could occur, and rated their emotional reaction to the image. Children were also administered the Play Behavior Questionnaire and Pretend Action Tasks to assess play behaviors. Findings revealed age-related improvements in performance and biases in judgment based on the emotion depicted. Children reported that happy fantastic events could occur significantly more often than frightening and angry fantastic events and that happy real events could occur significantly more often than frightening and angry real events. Children's emotional reactions to the images but not play behaviors were significantly related to their fantasy-reality distinctions. Implications for the relation between emotions and children's fantasy-reality distinctions are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

[Integration process and organ-related fantasies in patients undergoing organ transplantation].

This review deals with an important aspect of organ transplantation, namely the process of psychic organ integration and organ-related fantasies. The body schema and body self are two important concepts in the integration of a transplanted organ. Different models and theories on organ integration are presented and will be discussed. There is evidence that beside the emotional impact and the influence on well-being, organ integration depends closely on psychic processes involving in the incorporation of the transplanted organ and the respective organ-related fantasies. Therefore, these organ fantasies - whether unconscious or conscious - may play an important role in the future development of the instinctive and highly individual relation the patients elaborate with the new organ. Beside the concern with the new organ, a bereavement to the lost old and sick organ may also influence the patients thoughts. Moreover, the good resolving of all these issues evokes the "good practice" patients develop towards the new situation. This will bring up issues as compliance, infections, rejection episodes and - most important - also organ survival.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of children's fantasies with the Make a Picture Story: validity and norms.

One purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Make A Picture Story (MAPS) for assessment of children's fantasies. Children from a university laboratory school who were exhibiting good adjustment comprised our first sample. The second sample was composed of children from special education classes who were experiencing behavioral and/or academic difficulties. Children told stories to seven MAPS backgrounds. Stories created by special education children contained more dysphoric and fanciful fantasies than did nonproblem children's stories. Behavior disordered children had more aggressive fantasies in their stories than did nonproblem and learning disabled children. Another purpose of this study was to provide norms for children's choice of figures, number of figures used, moving and adding figures, story length, and choice of backgrounds. These norms should facilitate clinicians' interpretations of children's responses to the MAPS.

Affect↗
PubMed1990

Content analysis of sexual fantasies of males and females.

Content analysis of the sexual fantasies of 87 community college and university students revealed no significant sex differences in the content of sexual fantasies. Both men and women preferred traditional and facilitative fantasies. Because this study was explorative, however, further research is required to validate the suggested scale and replicate these results.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Gender differences in the enactment of sociosexuality: an examination of implicit social motives, sexual fantasies, coercive sexual attitudes, and aggressive sexual behavior.

An unrestricted sociosexual orientation (the endorsement of casual sex) has been found to correlate with undesirable behaviors and personality characteristics more so in men than in women. Using a community sample of men and women, we investigated the correlations between sociosexuality and behaviors, motives, attitudes, and fantasies related to sexual aggression. Participants (n = 168; ages 21-45) completed self-report measures of sociosexual orientation, sexual conservatism, rape myth acceptance, adversarial sexual beliefs, attitudes toward women, sexual behaviors, and perpetration of sexual aggression. Participants also wrote five brief stories that were scored for power and affiliation-intimacy motives and two sexual fantasies that were coded for the theme of dominance. For both men and women, an unrestricted sociosexual orientation was correlated with behavioral items indicating earlier life experiences with sex, a greater number of lifetime sex partners, and more frequent sexual activity. For men, an unrestricted sociosexual orientation was linked with higher levels of rape myth acceptance and adversarial sexual beliefs; more conservative attitudes toward women; higher levels of power motivation and lower levels of affiliation-intimacy motivation; and past use of sexual aggression. For women, an unrestricted sociosexual orientation was associated with sexual fantasies of dominance and lower levels of sexual conservatism.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rescue fantasies and the secret benefactor.

The concept of rescue fantasies is traced from Freud's earliest idea of the rescue of the mother as the fallen woman to later ideas of ambivalent rescue of the father, siblings, and children. Clinical vignettes from work with children and adults illustrate these points as well as reparative rescue fantasies in response to trauma and narcissistic hurt. The contemporary family romance myth of the secret benefactor as rescuer is described. An analytic case presentation explores the narcissistic-masochistic and the positive and negative oedipal meanings of the secret benefactor rescue fantasy. Application to countertransference enactments in the analyst is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Gender differences in sexual behaviors and fantasies in a college population.

This study presents male and female responses of 193 university students to questions about sexual experiences and fantasies. There are few significant gender differences in experiences, but many in fantasies. Males fantasized about sex more and exhibited greater interest in partner variation and in the spectrum from domination to sadism. While male sexuality is often described as aggressive/sadistic and female sexuality as passive/masochistic, most men and women in our population do not report fantasies supporting such stereotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Gender differences in sexual fantasy and behavior in a college population: a ten-year replication.

This report is a replication of a study conducted 10 years ago by Person et al., investigating gender differences in sexual behaviors and fantasies in a college population. We found that men continue to fantasize more than women, but the gender differences have narrowed. Recent sexual experiences of our population show a trend toward an increase in gender differences, and there is a greater correlation between sexual fantasy and experiences in women than in men. As in Person's study, we did not find that men had more aggressive/sadistic fantasies than women.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

On conscious primal scene fantasies.

Pertinent literature concerning the pathogenicity of the primal scene is reviewed. Two psychoanalytic cases, both of whom had conscious primal scene fantasies prior to beginning psychoanalysis, are discussed. These fantasies did not represent significant ego or superego deficits. The authors suggest that conscious primal scene fantasies, in these patients, represented screen memories. Both patients were successfully analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effects of stimulating symbiotic fantasies on manifest pathology in schizophrenics: a revised formulation.

This study was designed as a further investigation of the ameliorative effects of stimulating a symbiotic fantasy in schizophrenics. Fifty-four adult male schizophrenic subjects were each seen individually for three experimental sessions. In each session there was exposure to a neutral subliminal stimulus followed by a baseline assessment of thought disorder and behavioral pathology. This was followed by exposure to one of three critical stimuli: a) a neutral control stimulus; b) the stimulus "mommy and I are one," designed to activate a fantasy of symbiotic gratification, and found in past studies to lead to pathology reduction; and c) "mommy and I are two," designed as a test of the specificity of oneness fantasy in producing symptomatic improvement. Each subject was exposed to the three critical simuli by counterbalanced order. Assessments of pathology were repeated after exposure to the experimental stimuli and comparisons were made with baseline measures. Results were: a) the subliminal symbiotic stimulus produced improvement on one of the measures of pathology, replicating findings from previous studies; and b) unexpectedly, the "mommy and I are two" stimulus led to pathology reduction on both dependent measures and proved significantly more ameliorative than the oneness stimulus. Associations obtained from subjects on a post hoc basis, the relationship between responses of individual subjects to the two stimuli, and the way in which order of presentation of the critical stimuli affected results supported the view that the twoness message also gratified symbiotic wishes while simultaneously providing reassurance against dangers associated with boundary loss. Results were discussed with an eye toward sharpening and refining the formulation advanced in the past to account for the ameliorative effects of the "oneness" stimulus.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The presumptive role of fantasy in serial sexual homicide.

The authors examined the role of fantasy as an internal drive mechanism for repetitive acts of sexual violence. A sample of 25 serial sexual murderers with three or more known victims each was compared with a sample of 17 single sexual murderers, with only one known victim each. The drive mechanism was hypothesized to be an intrusive fantasy life manifested in higher prevalences of paraphilias, documented or self-reported violent fantasies, and organized crime scenes in the serial murderers. All three hypotheses were supported.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Silent thoughts, spoken wishes: when candidate experience of the supervisor converges with patient fantasies.

How and why a candidate's private experience of two supervisors emerged in patients' fantasies about them is explored. Four issues are examined in light of two control cases: (1) Patients divide, rather than split, the transference between supervisor and candidate, experiencing both ambivalently. (2) Even a patient with no knowledge of the supervisor's identity may have a fantasy of the supervisor that is congruent with the candidate's experience of the supervisor. (3) When new professional traits emerge in the candidate as he or she identifies with his or her mentor, the patient may attribute them to the invisible person in the room--the supervisor; the patient may intuit and be influenced by the candidate's feelings about the supervisor as well. (4) A patient's fantasies about the supervisor may reflect parallel process in reverse, whereby the patient discerns what is going on between supervisor and candidate through his or her treatment, just as the supervisor reads what is going on between patient and candidate through the candidate's reporting of the treatment. Because the trio is the truth of the training case, it seems fitting and empowering to acknowledge and analyze the role of the supervisor in the patient's mind.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The reconstruction of early childhood trauma: fantasy, reality, and verification.

The contrasting perspectives of historical (actual, material) truth as opposed to narrative (intrapsychic) truth in psychoanalytic reconstruction parallel the controversial shift in Freud's thinking from a traumatic theory of neurosogenesis to a greater emphasis on fantasy and psychic reality. Freud and analysts since have sought to tease apart psychic and material reality as they dovetail in the transference. However, published cases in which a patient's memory of a childhood trauma turned out to be a verifiable fantasy or false belief and not an actuality appear to be remarkably scarce. This paper describes a case in which the patient indicated that in early childhood she had been subjected to antimasturbatory measures and finally to clitoridectomy that had ongoing traumatic effects. The case strikingly illustrates how a false memory of shock trauma may represent effects of strain traumatization interacting with fantasy and the state of drives and ego development in early childhood. It also highlights issues in the areas of trauma and memory, historical and intrapsychic truth, and the theory and technique of psychoanalytic reconstruction. Although it may not always be possible in the psychoanalytic situation to differentiate actual and plausible past events, in some cases the distinction between these perspectives on truth has clinical relevance that is more than academic.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Fantasies during sedation with intravenous midazolam or diazepam.

Details are reported of 41 incidents where women reported fantasies during sedation with IV midazolam or diazepam: 27 of them had some sexual element and 20 were unpleasant experiences. The events occurred in a logical sequence and all were certain of their authenticity. Some led to litigation against the sedationist. Out of 25 verified reports made by patients of incidents occurring during sedation, 17 did not happen and in 9/13 clear descriptions there was some relation between the fantasy and something that really happened under sedation. All occurred with what are now considered large doses of the drugs. During or following sedation lady patients should not be treated or examined without the presence of a responsible third person. The use of the injectable benzodiazepines, diazepam and more recently midazolam, with their sedative, amnesic and relaxing properties have made unpleasant operative procedures, particularly those usually carried out under local analgesia, more acceptable to many patients. These include oral endoscopy and dental procedures and operations under spinal or epidural analgesia. These drugs also provide good sedation during ventilatory support and in the intensive care unit. Over a long period of time these benzodiazepines have proven to be, in appropriate doses, among the safest in medicine for short term use. There have however been a few cases of what can be described as "fantasies" occurring during sedation: events occurring in a logical sequence which are very real to the patient and yet, on the evidence of two or more independent witnesses, did not occur. Many of these have had an element of sexual trespass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sadistic fantasy, sadistic behaviour and offending.

This paper explores the genesis of sadistic behaviour in men and its relationship to crime. Sixteen male special hospital patients, each with a diagnosis of psychopathic disorder, formed the basis of this descriptive study. In only three cases were the crimes explicable in terms of external circumstances and personality traits. The offences of the remaining 13 cases became comprehensible only when the offender's internal circumstances were explored: investigation revealed repetitive sadistic masturbatory fantasies which had spilled over into overt behaviour because the patients had felt impelled to seek and create increasingly dangerous in vivo 'try-outs' of their fantasies. The paper discusses the crucial link between sadistic fantasy and behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Primal scene derivatives in the work of Yukio Mishima: the primal scene fantasy.

This article discusses the preoccupation with fire, revenge, crucifixion, and other fantasies as they relate to the primal scene. The manifestations of these fantasies are demonstrated in a work of fiction by Yukio Mishima. The Temple of the Golden Pavillion. As is the case in other writings of Mishima there is a fusion of aggressive and libidinal drives and a preoccupation with death. The primal scene is directly connected with pyromania and destructive "acting out" of fantasies. This article is timely with regard to understanding contemporary events of cultural and national destruction.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1997

Fantasy and reality distinction of congenitally blind children.

40 congenitally blind and 40 sighted children were tested for fantasy-reality distinctions of real and imagined objects and the development of concepts of darkness, hidden objects, space, dreams, emotions, facial expressions, size, and height. Analysis indicated that the blind children distinguished between contents of fantasy and reality, although they were less sure about the reality status of the objects. The sighted group gave more reality responses than the blind group for the concepts of dreams and hidden objects, but the remaining concepts were somewhat the same. Cognitive development explained in terms of theory formation may not explain the development of young blind children completely. Their knowledge that contents of fantasy are not real may be obtained through interpersonal experiences that are publicly shared.

Blindness↗
PubMed2003

Fantasy proneness, creative capacity, and styles of creativity.

The Creativity Styles Questionnaire-Revised was used to measure graduate psychology students' (N=173) self-perceptions of creative capacity and styles of creativity (beliefs about and strategies for going about being creative). Participants also completed the Inventory of Childhood Memories and Imaginings, a self-report measure of Fantasy Proneness. The Self-perceived Creative Capacity and Fantasy Proneness scores were significantly correlated (r=.36, p<.001), and these scores were positively correlated with the styles subscale scores of Belief in Unconscious Processes. Use of Techniques, Use of Senses, and negatively correlated with Final Product Orientation. Also, the Fantasy Proneness scores were positively correlated with the Superstition scores and the Environmental Control and Behavioral Self-regulation scores.

Adult↗