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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effect of regular consumption of oily fish compared with white fish on chronic plaque psoriasis.

The influence of dietary advice on the severity of chronic plaque psoriasis was studied in 18 patients. Medication was standardized in all patients who were advised to eat 170 g white fish daily for a 4 week run-in period. Then the patients were randomized either to continue with the white fish diet or to substitute 170 g oily fish daily for 6 weeks. At the end of this second period the diets were reversed for a further 6 weeks. The oily fish but not the white fish diet led to a modest clinical improvement (11% and 15%, P < 0.01) which was accompanied by a rise in plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) concentrations. It is concluded that dietary advice to increase the daily intake of oily fish is a useful adjunct in the treatment of psoriasis. The fish that should be recommended include mackerel, sardine, salmon, pilchard, kipper and herring.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to fish genetics and genome mapping.

The various applications of the technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to fish genetics will be reviewed for fishes being used as model organisms to study human disease, including those species for which major genome projects have been initiated. "FISH on fish" has been used to map highly repetitive sequences including centromere-specific sequences and sex-specific sequences, moderately repetitive sequences such as rRNAs and histones, and single-copy sequences. Paint probes specific for whole genomes, whole chromosomes, and chromosome subregions have been prepared for several species. The potential future applications of FISH to fish genetics and genome mapping will be discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

DNA repair synthesis in cultured fish and human cells exposed to fish S9-activated aromatic hydrocarbons.

Unscheduled DNA repair synthesis was measured autoradiographically in cultured rainbow trout gonad (RTG) and human fibroblast (HF) cells following exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 3,4-benzopyrene (BP), 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (DBA), 1,2-benzanthracene (BA) and pyrene (PY) activated with S9 prepared from rainbow trout liver. S9 from rainbow trout injected with Arochlor 1254 or an oil extract was compared with S9 from Fischer rats injected with Arochlor 1254 for the ability to activate AFB1 and cause DNA repair in RTG and HF cells. All three types of S9 activated AFB1, but the measured DNA repair response was greater in the HF cells. A significant grain count response was found following exposure of HF cells to fish S9-activated BP. Using assay conditions which enhance fish cell grain counts, a significant level of DNA repair was also found in RTG cells exposed to fish S9-activated BP. Marginal but statistically significant amounts of DNA repair were elicited in HF and RTG cells exposed to rainbow trout S9-activated BA and DBA, but no response was detected following PY exposure. Fish S9 was found to be able to activate a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and cause DNA repair synthesis in both fish and mammalian cells. The magnitude of the repair response roughly parallels the carcinogenic potential of the PAHs. These results elicit trans species and phyla comparisons which help to validate fish as models for aquatic carcinogenesis research, and also demonstrate PAH DNA-damaging effects on fish DNA, adding further credence for studying the effects of these chemicals on aquatic organisms.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed2005

Lateralized fish perform better than nonlateralized fish in spatial reorientation tasks.

Lines of fish (Girardinus falcatus) obtained through selective breeding showing different degree and direction of behavioural lateralization in a variety of tasks were tested for their ability for spatial reorientation. In the first experiment, fish were required to reorient themselves after passive disorientation in a rectangular tank in the presence of a salient feature (a blue wall). Lateralized fish proved to be better than nonlateralized fish at using the geometric cues provided by the shape of the tank in order to disambiguate between corners with similar featural information. In the second experiment fish were tested in a square-shaped tank (in order to eliminate any geometric cues) in the presence of salient features (panels) located at the corners. Lateralized fish proved better than nonlateralized fish in using featural cues to reorient themselves. These findings suggest that lateralization may confer advantages in spatial reorientation based on the use of geometric and nongeometric cues.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of triple helical COMBO-FISH and standard FISH by means of quantitative microscopic image analysis of abl/bcr positions in cell nuclei.

In this study, a novel DNA fluorescence labelling technique, called triple helical COMBO-FISH (Combinatorial Oligo Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation), was compared to the standard FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation by means of commercially available probe kits) by quantitative evaluation of the nuclear position of the hybridisation signals of the Abelson murine leukaemia (abl) region and the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) in 3D-conserved cell nuclei of lymphocytes and CML blood cells. Two sets of 31 homopyrimidine oligonucleotides each, corresponding to co-localising sequences in the abl region of chromosome 9 and in the bcr region of chromosome 22 were synthesised. Probe types and sizes (in bases) as well as the binding mechanisms of both FISH techniques were completely different. In accordance to established findings that cell type specific radial positioning of chromosomes and sub-chromosomal elements is evolutionarily conserved, no significant difference was found between the two FISH techniques for the radial localisation of the barycentre of the analysed genomic loci. Thermal denaturation and hypotonic treatment of cell nuclei subjected to standard FISH, however, led to different absolute radii and volumes of the cell nuclei, in comparison to the quantities determined for the triple helical COMBO-FISH technique; the chromatin appears to shrink in laterally enlarged, flat nuclei. Consequently, the absolute distances of the homologous labelled sites shifted to greater values. For precise quantitative microscopic analysis of genomic loci, fluorescence labelling procedures are recommended that well maintain the native chromatin topology. Triple helical COMBO-FISH may offer such an approach.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

DNA breakage detection-fish (DBD-FISH): effect of unwinding time.

DBD-FISH is a new procedure that allows detection and quantification of DNA breakage in situ within specific DNA target sites. Cells embedded in an agarose matrix on a slide are treated in an alkaline unwinding solution to transform DNA breaks into single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). After removal of proteins, DNA probes are hybridized and detected. DNA breaks increase the ssDNA and relax supercoiling of DNA loops, so more probe hybridizes, thereby increasing the surface area and fluorescence intensity of the FISH signal. The probe selects the chromatin area to be analysed. In order to restrict the extension of unwound ssDNA to a region closer to the origin of the DNA break, human leukocytes were processed for DBD-FISH with a whole genome probe, after a 10 Gy dose of X-rays, for various unwinding times: 5, 2 min and 30s. Two cell populations were detected after 30s, but not with the 5 or 2 min unwinding times. One cell group had small to medium haloes corresponding to the relaxation of DNA supercoiling after DAPI staining, and strong DBD-FISH labelling of induced DNA breaks, whereas the other cell group showed big haloes of DNA loop unfolding and an absence of DBD-FISH labelling. The latter group was similar to cells processed by DBD-FISH without the unwinding step. Thus, they should correspond to cells unaffected by the alkaline unwinding solution, possibly because very brief unwinding times do not allow the diffusion of the alkali into the cells deep within the gel, thus biasing the results. Taking this into account, 2 min seems to be the minimum unwinding time required for an accurate detection of a signal by DBD-FISH.

DNA↗
PubMed2004

Fish, so foul! Foodborne illness caused by combined fish histamine and wax ester poisoning.

Nine people who ate a fish curry from a mobile canteen experienced increased heart rate, flushed skin, headache, nausea and diarrhoea shortly afterwards. These symptoms, which lasted for a mean of nine hours, were thought to have been associated with a combination of fish histamine and wax ester poisoning. The incriminated fish used was eventually identified as castor oil fish (Ruvettus pretiosus). Fish histamine poisoning is not confined to any particular species but wax ester intoxication only results from the consumption of two fish species, making identification of the incriminated fish of great importance in ascertaining a cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Ascaridoidea: a simple DNA assay for identification of 11 species infecting marine and freshwater fish, mammals, and fish-eating birds.

Eleven species belonging to superfamily Ascaridoidea, which infect marine and freshwater fish, mammals, and fish-eating birds, were analyzed using a PCR-RFLP method. The following species were investigated: Anisakis pegreffi, A. physeteris, and A. simplex (parasites of fish and mammals), Contracaecum osculatum, C. radiatum, and C. rudolphi (parasites of mammals and fish-eating birds), Hysterothylacium aduncum (a parasite of fish), Porrocaecum angusticolle, P. crassum, P. depressum, and P. ensicaudatum (parasites of fish-eating birds). PCR-amplified rDNA regions encompassing ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2 produced on templates of genomic DNA isolated from all investigated species were digested with TaqI, AluI, BsuRI, and RsaI endonucleases. Restriction patterns showed that endonuclease TaqI is the most useful enzyme for identification of all investigated species. No variations in restriction patterns within each species were detected. Therefore, we propose that the PCR-RFLP assay described in this report may be used for identification of marine and freshwater parasites from superfamily Ascaridoidea.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Identification of tetrodotoxin and fish species in a dried dressed fish fillet implicated in food poisoning.

There were five victims of neurotoxic food poisoning from a dried dressed fish fillet in Changhua County, Taiwan, in February 2000. The toxicity of the dried dressed fish fillets was 243 mouse units per g according to a tetrodotoxin bioassay. The partially purified toxin was identified as tetrodotoxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin. The sequence of the 376-nucleotide region in the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial DNA exhibited the same genotype as that of the toxic puffer fish Lagocephalus lunaris. The same single restriction site for Hinfl was found in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from the dried dressed fish fillet and the muscle of L. lunaris, yielding two DNA fragments of 170 and 206 bp. However, no restriction site for Hinfl was found in the PCR products from other toxic puffer fishes, including Takifugu niphobles, Takifugu oblongus, and Takifugu rubripes. Therefore, the species of the dried dressed fish fillet was identified as L. lunaris and its causative agent was identified as tetrodotoxin.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed2004

Gnathostoma infection in fish caught for local consumption in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand I. Prevalence and fish species.

Between August 2000 and August 2001, 12,216 fish of 73 species were purchased from several local markets in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand, and examined for the presence of Gnathostoma larvae. Almost all species were fresh-water fish that had grown naturally, rather than raised commercially. Eight species were found to be infected with gnathostome larvae. The overall prevalence was 5.1% (626/12,216) and a total of 5,969 larvae was recovered. The highest rate of infection (30.1 %) was found in Monopterus albus (swamp eel). The rates in the remaining infected fish were as follows: Anabas testudineus (climbing perch) 7.7%, Channa striata (striped snake-head fish) 7.4%, Clarius macrocephalus (Gunther's walking catfish) 6.7%, Channa micropeltes (giant snake-head fish) 5.1%, Channa lucius (blotched snake-head fish) 4.0%, Clarius batrachus (Batrachian walking catfish) 1.4%, and Ompok krattensis (butter sheatfish) 0.6%. The mean number of larvae/fish was highest in swamp eels (10.0 larvae/eel), and the maximum number of 698 larvae was recovered from one eel. The body sizes of the recovered G. spinigerum advanced third-stage larvae were 2.70-5.10 mm in length (average, 3.97+/-0.50 mm) and 0.29-0.60 mm in width (average, 0.40+/-0.04 mm). The average number of cephalic hooklets of the larvae from rows 1 to 4 were 41.8+/-0.5 (range, 40-43), 43.6+/-0.6 (range, 42-45), 46.1+/-0.9 (range, 44-48) and 49.3+/-0.7 (range, 48-51), respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Lipid profiles among fish-consuming coastal and non-fish-consuming inland populations.

Serum lipid profiles were examined in 100 individuals of fish-consuming coastal and 109 individuals of non-fish-consuming inland populations. The fish-consuming population showed lower mean serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols and significantly higher levels of HDL cholesterol and phospholipids. The bleeding time and clotting time were significantly prolonged in the fish-eating population. Thus the fish-consuming population showed lower risk factors of coronary heart disease when compared to the non-fish-consuming population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of fish flesh content in frozen coated fish products (modification of AOAC Official Method 971.13): Collaborative Study.

An intralaboratory collaborative study evaluated a modified version of AOAC Official Method 971.13 for determining the fish flesh content (FFC) in frozen coated fish products by comparing it with the on-line method. Eleven collaborators analyzed 36 products (a total of 6336 test samples). Each product targeted one of 4 percent fish flesh (PFF) levels (35, 50, 65, and 80). Products were manufactured from one of 3 raw materials (fillet blocks, minced blocks, and natural fillets) and processed in one of 4 forms (sticks, portions, formed portions, and fillets) and one of 4 styles (raw breaded, batter-dipped, precooked, and fully cooked). Each "official" test sample was tracked through the processing system and weighed (1) before battering and/or breading and, depending on product style, before frying; and (2) after battering and/or breading and, depending on product style, after frying; so that it served as its own control. These weights were used to calculate actual percent fish flesh (APFF) and considered to be generated by the on-line method. Collaborators weighed official test samples (1) before scraping; and (2) after scraping. These weights were used to calculate determined percent fish flesh (DPFF) and considered to be generated by the modified AOAC method. APFF and DPFF were the primary data for statistical analysis. Recoveries ranged from 71.75 to 106.40%. Repeatability (method precision indicator for a single collaborators) relative standard deviation (RSDr) values ranged from 1.04 to 8.37%. Corresponding reproducibility (method precision indicator among collaborators) relative standard deviation (RSDR) values ranged from 1.41 to 11.95%. The DPFF mean was lower than the APFF mean for 30 (83.3%) of 36 products. For 29 of these 30 products, the differences between method means (APFF minus DPFF) ranged from 0.38 to 6.51%. For the remaining product within this group (C/06, fillet blocks, fully cooked portions), the difference between method means was 21.73%. For the remaining 6 (16.67%) of 36 products, the DPFF mean was greater than the APFF mean. The differences between method means ranged from -0.03 to -2.76%. RSD values were considered acceptable (i.e., RDSr < 9% and RSDR < 12%) for all products studied. The modified method for determining FFC in frozen coated fish products has been adopted first action to replace AOAC Official Method 971.13.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Total and organically bound mercury content in fishes from German fishing grounds (author's transl)].

In a survey sponsored by the Ministry of Food Agriculture and Forestry of the Federal Republic of Germany the mercury contamination of 759 specimens of fishes from the German fishing grounds were analysed. The determinations were performed by flameless atomic absorption (cold vapour system). -We found for the fishes of greatest economic importance herring, cod, saithe, haddock very low averages of less than 0,1 ppm. The legal limit of 1 ppm was only reached or exceeded by older fishes (ling 1.18 ppm, red-fish 1.09 ppm) and by specific kinds of fishes (shark 3.23 ppm, ray 1.69 ppm, tuna 0.80 ppm). -The organically bound mercury (methyl-Hg) which is considered especially toxic, has been determined by gas-liquid-chromatography. Methyl-Hg constitutes about 70--98% of the total mercury, a value which is in agreement with Japanese and Swedish reports on this subject.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Protein nutrition in fish: protein/energy ratio and alternative protein sources to fish meal.

Those interested in the design and manufacture of feeds for intensive fish farming face the basic concern of formulating mixtures for the best yield at the lowest costs. Of the macronutrients in the feed, protein has and continues to receive special consideration because fish present high and specific needs for this constituent. Traditionally, protein has been supplied primarily by fish meals. This paper presents a synthesis of the efforts made and the lines explored to achieve an effective reduction of the amount of fish meal in the feeds for fish, following two strategies: reduction of the protein in the feeds and the use of new raw materials to replace fish meal.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1999

Phylogenetic studies of complete mitochondrial DNA molecules place cartilaginous fishes within the tree of bony fishes.

It is commonly acknowledged that cartilaginous fishes, Chondrichthyes, have a basal position among the Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates). In order to explore this relationship we have sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, and included it in a phylogenetic analysis together with a number of bony fishes and amniotes. The phylogenetic reconstructions placed the dogfish among the bony fishes. Thus, and contrary to the common view, the analyses have shown that the position of the sharks is not basal among the gnathostomes. The presently recognized phylogenetic position of the dogfish was identified irrespective of the outgroup used, echinoderms or agnathan fishes. The lungfish was the most basal gnathostome fish, while the teleosteans had an apical position in the piscine tree. A basal position of the dogfish among the gnathostomes was statistically rejected, but the phylogenetic relationship among the coelacanth, spiny dogfish, and teleosts was not conclusively resolved. The findings challenge the current theory that sharks and other chondrichthyans, if monophyletic, are the sister group to all other extant gnathostomes. The results open to question the status of several morphological characters commonly used in piscine phylogenetic reconstruction, most notably the presence versus absence of endochondral bone in the endoskeleton, the macromeric versus micromeric structure of the exoskeleton, and the presence/absence of swimbladder and/or lung. The study also confirmed recent findings demonstrating that the origin of the amniotes is deeper than the diversification of extant bony fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Depleting fish resources, declining fishing communities, and the state revitalization project in Korea.

This paper reviews recent declines in fish resources and fishing communities in Korea, evaluates major factors of declines, and examines a subsequent community-based revitalization project. Factors leading to depleting fish resources include global regulations, technological advances in fishing, national economic development policies, land reclamation projects, and pollution. The negative economic and societal impact of depleting fish resources is addressed using demographic and income levels of the communities. In response, the state initiated revitalization projects and invested in local fishing cooperatives promoting community-based management. The result has been less than effective as it led to mismanagement of investment and created an attitude of dependence on the government for financial assistance.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Mercury in freshwater fish of northeast North America--a geographic perspective based on fish tissue monitoring databases.

As part of an initiative to assemble and synthesize mercury (Hg) data from environmental matrices across northeastern North America, we analyzed a large dataset comprised of 15,305 records of fish tissue Hg data from 24 studies from New York State to Newfoundland. These data were summarized to provide mean Hg concentrations for 40 fish species and associated families. Detailed analyses were carried out using data for 13 species. Hg in fishes varied by geographic area, waterbody type, and waterbody. The four species with the highest mean Hg concentrations were muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), walleye (Sander vitreus), white perch (Morone americana), and northern pike (Esox luscius). Several species displayed elevated Hg concentrations in reservoirs, relative to lakes and rivers. Normalized deviations from mean tissue levels for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were mapped, illustrating how Hg concentrations in these species varied across northeastern North America. Certain geographic regions showed generally below or above-average Hg concentrations in fish, while significant heterogeneity was evident across the landscape. The proportion of waterbodies exhibiting exceedances of USEPA's criterion for fish methylmercury ranged from 14% for standard-length brook trout fillets to 42% for standard-length yellow perch fillets. A preliminary correlation analysis showed that fish Hg concentrations were related to waterbody acidity and watershed size.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal absorption of fish oil in rats previously adapted to diets containing fish oil or corn oil.

A study was conducted to evaluate whether the composition of previous dietary fat affects the absorption and composition of lymph obtained after a meal of fish oil. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either corn oil or fish oil (MaxEPA) for 2 weeks. They were then given intraduodenally a bolus of an emulsion of 0.5 ml of fish oil plus 0.5 ml of 20 mM sodium taurocholate. Intestinal lymph was collected from a cannula in the main intestinal lymph trunk for various times after oil administration. Rats proportion of the test dose fo fish oil than those fed corn oil. There was an effect of previous diet on the fatty acid composition of the lymph. Rats fed fish oil had a higher percentage of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the lymph lipids than those fed corn oil while those fed corn oil had a higher percentage of linoleic acid. These results rule out decreased intestinal absorption as a mechanism for the hypotriacylglycerolemic effect of dietary fish oils. They also indicate a significant contribution of endogenous lipids to the fatty acids in lymph.

Adaptation, Physiological↗