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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Economic analysis of computed tomography units.

All operating CT installations in the United States were surveyed in January 1976; data were obtained from 98 of 140 installations. Although the respondents represented 80 head units and 18 head and body units, the overwhelming experience was with head CT studies. CT equipment was installed in an average of 1.3 months, operated 64 hr per week and examined 50-55 patients per week. A downtime of 7 hr per week was reported. Radiologists are responsible for 92 of 98 installations, and 90% of installations are in a hospital. The scheduling delay averages 1.6 days for inpatients and 11.5 days for outpatients. The delay is increasing in many installations. The estimated total yearly technical cost is +325,000-+371,000 per installation, depending upon patient volume. The estimated technical cost per patient (when 50 patients per week are studied) compares favorably with the estimated net revenue per patient from the average basic technical charge (+130 compared to +138). A separate billing method is used by 59% of installations, and 76% have an extra charge for contrast injection and additional studies; 60% of patients receive contrast. The reported total charges during the last 3 months were higher in installations that (1) charged additionally for contrast, (2) were located in outpatient settings, and (3) had nonradiologists as the responsible physician. It should be emphasized that most CT installations are not independent activities and should be considered an integral part of a diagnostic radiology department or office.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1992

Interpreting demographic effects in duration analyses of first birth intervals.

"Estimated demographic effects in proportional hazard models of first birth intervals could reflect time-invariant differences in the risk of a birth, or differences in the timing of a shift in the risk, or both. This paper attempts to distinguish between these possibilities. The procedure is to estimate a more general model than the proportional hazard specification, in which the evolution of the risk of a birth can differ with demographic characteristics. The proportional hazard specification is nested within this more general model. Consequently, the consistency of the data with the 'risk' or the 'timing' interpretation of demographic effects can be tested. The data studied do not lead to a rejection of the proportional hazard specification." Data are from the 1984 U.S. National Longitudinal Survey Youth Cohort and concern 670 women aged 16 or 17 in 1979.

Americas↗
PubMed1996

Applying the sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality to a health facility-based sample: a comparison with results from a household-based sample.

BACKGROUND: The sisterhood method is an indirect technique used to estimate maternal mortality in developing countries, where maternal deaths are often poorly registered in official statistics. It has been used successfully in many community-based household surveys. Because such surveys can be costly, this study investigated the suitability of using data collected in outpatient health facilities. METHODS: Adults visiting any one of 91 health centres or posts in a rural region of Nicaragua were randomly sampled and interviewed by health personnel. A sample size, proportional to the population served, was assigned to each facility and 9232 adults were interviewed. Characteristics of health facility users were compared with the general population to identify factors that would allow generalization of results to other settings. RESULTS: Based on these data, the lifetime risk of maternal death was 0.0144 (1 in 69). This estimate is essentially identical to that from a household-based survey in the same region 8 months earlier, which obtained a lifetime risk of 0.0145 (1 in 69). These findings correspond to a maternal mortality ratio of 241 and 243/100000 livebirths, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report comparing results of the sisterhood method from household and health facility-based samples. The sisterhood method provided a robust estimate of the magnitude of maternal mortality. Results from the opportunistic health facility-based sample were virtually identical to results from the household-based study. Guidelines need to be developed for applying this low-cost and efficient aproach to estimating maternal mortality in suitable opportunistic settings at subnational levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation of fecundability from survey data.

The estimation of fecundability from survey data is plagued by methodological problems such as misreporting of dates of birth and marriage and the occurrence of premarital exposure to the risk of conception. Nevertheless, estimates of fecundability from World Fertility Survey data for women married in recent years appear to be plausible for most of the surveys analyzed here and are quite consistent with estimates reported in earlier studies. The estimates presented in this article are all derived from the first interval, the interval between marriage or consensual union and the first live birth conception.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1993

Estimates of adult mortality in Burundi.

Adult mortality in Burundi during the 1970s and 1980s is estimated using data from the 1987 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Estimates from traditional indirect methods are compared with those from the inter-survey method using data on the number of years since the respondent's parent died. Life expectancy at birth was estimated as 48.55 years for males and 51.23 years for females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The estimation of population microdata by using data from small area statistics and samples of anonymised records.

"Traditionally, estimates of the number of people in small areas (the smallest geographical units for which data are available) have been disaggregated only by age and sex. More recently, much research effort has been directed towards developing some form of enhanced small-area population estimation, in which the population in a small area is disaggregated not only by age and sex, but also by a wide range of additional economic and social characteristics. Solutions to this problem currently include account-based demographic models, often used by local authorities."

Age Factors↗