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The introduction of new technologies has led to the development of pacemakers which restore the synchronized contraction of the atria and ventricles and suppress tachyarrhythmias. Programmability of amplitude, impulse duration, sensing function, refractory period, and hysteresis allow adaption of pacemaker function to the patients need.
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Synchrotron Radiation X-ray (SR X-ray) is an extremely strong X-ray source with a photon number more than 10(4) compared with that of the current X-ray tube. X-rays obtained by monochromatizing SR X-ray have been applied to new techniques for medical diagnosis. Several studies are now being conducted at the beam site for medical use at the Accumulation Ring of the High Energy Physics Research Institute, Tsukuba. Applications being studied include (1) energy subtraction coronary angiography. (2) microdetection of metas in samples excised from subjects. (3) monochromatic X-ray computed tomography and so on. Energy subtraction coronary angiography might have a safety advantage over the current selective coronary angiography. Microdetection of mandatory metals and poisonous heavy metals in in vivo samples contributes to the development of pathologic knowledge and clinical treatment of cancer and heavy metal toxications. Monochromatic X-ray CT is expected to detect diseases in the early stage due to increased accuracy in CT values.
In the present work have been made some modifications of Münch's model, which concerns the explanation of biophysical bases of the problem of transport of water and assimilates. Then, by using the thermodynamic formalism of Kedem and Katchalsky (1958), we have made a mathematical description of the model. On this basis it is shown that the model has a series of specific osmotic and hydromechanic properties. Next with the use of the description, the energetic aspect of the model is treated. In this study has been employed an analytical method previously developed (Kargol 1985, 1990, 1993) for studying osmotic and diffusive energy conversion of solutions of different concentrations. The energetic aspect of the study follows from the fact that the phloem transport of water and dissolved assimilates occurring against various forces (including the viscous friction) requires definite expenditure of energy on the part of the plant. Adequate power and energetic efficiency equations have been derived. The equations derived in this work, concerned with Münch's model, offer concrete possibilities for qualitative studies of transport of water and assimilates by phloem in plants.
Living conditions in Armenia have deteriorated since 1988 as a result of an economic blockade related to a territorial conflict between Armenia and a neighboring country. The effects of this blockade--a drastic reduction in available food, heating fuel, gasoline, electricity, health services, drugs, and vaccines--have placed residents of Armenia at increased risk for morbidity and mortality from nutritional deficiencies, infectious diseases, and hypothermia. To assess and monitor the current health and nutritional status of residents of Armenia, the Armenian National Institute of Health, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and CDC have developed the Emergency Public Health Information Surveillance System (EPHISS). This report summarizes preliminary results for 1992.
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We conducted this study to address concerns regarding a perceived increase in bronchitis, skin rashes, and diarrhea and long term health effects in workers at two Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) processing plants. We abstracted medical records to assess symptom occurrence, and to identify spirometry and lab abnormalities. Overall FEV1 and FVC showed no decrease over time for workers with more than five years of exposure. The primary self reported symptoms were low back pain and headaches followed by skin rashes, colds, 'flu', hay fever and ear problems. Conclusions from this analysis are limited by lack of standardized protocols or a control group. However, results from this analysis pointed out potential occupational health problems among RDF workers for future epidemiological and environmental studies.
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