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PubMed1984

Selected oral, pharyngeal, and upper respiratory conditions in the cat. Oral tumors, nasopharyngeal and middle ear polyps, and chronic rhinitis and sinusitis.

Chronic rhinitis/sinusitis in the cat can be an annoying, persistent problem. Intermittent sneezing with mucopurulent discharge is the most common clinical sign. Response to medical management is variable, and some cats will spontaneously resolve. In the cat with unresponsive chronic rhinitis/sinusitis, surgical intervention may be attempted in order to relieve obstruction, afford better drainage, or obliterate the frontal sinuses with fat grafts. Success has been variable with all means of management. A guarded prognosis for complete cure should be given at the outset when managing a cat with chronic rhinitis/sinusitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Tumours of the external ear and temporal bone.

Symptoms such as hearing impairment, tinnitus, or a disturbance in sense of balance can generally be attributed to non-neoplastic causes, such as otitis media, otosclerosis, or trauma. Less commonly, auricular signs and symptoms are the result of non-neoplastic and neoplastic space-occupying lesions. The external ear can be the site of development of squamous carcinomas and basal-cell carcinomas; the middle ear and inner ear can host metastatic deposits, and primary squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Most auricular malignant diseases occur in adulthood; only the rhabdomyosarcomas of the middle ear arise in children. Most malignant diseases of the auricular apparatus are treated by a combination of surgery (commonly including radical excision of temporal bone), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Basal cell carcinoma of the middle ear--a natural history.

The natural course of basal cell carcinoma of the middle ear is described. This tumour is extremely rarely found in the middle ear and only two cases have been reported to date. The appearance of the tumour was heralded by earache and deafness, followed years later by wide local destruction of the temporal and parietal bones, base of skull, facial palsy and multiple distant metastases. The patient refused both surgical and irradiation therapy and died 10 years after the initial diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Transitional papilloma of the middle ear.

We present a rare case of a transitional papilloma of the middle ear, occurring several years after excision of a similar lesion from the nose. There was no continuity between the two lesions suggesting that these tumours can be multicentric in origin.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear: a review of the literature and case history.

Approximately 50 per cent of all rhabdomyosarcomas in children occur in the head and neck region with the orbit, nasopharynx and ear in order of descending frequency. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the commonest malignant tumour of the aural region in childhood and its clinical course is usually rapidly fatal, with extensive local disease and or distant metastases (Dehner and Chen, 1978). Other malignant tumours that can occur in children include melanoma and other mesenchymal tumours, including undifferentiated sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcomas and Ewing sarcoma. Secondary extension may occur from a meningioma. Osseous disorders of the temporal bone, such as eosinophilic granuloma and Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, should be included as a differential diagnosis (Lewis, 1979).

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Retroauricular flap: its clinical application and safety.

We report the application and safety of the retroauricular flap in 38 cases. The flap was used on the anterior auricular surface in 21 cases, in the peri-auricular region in five cases, in the region of the preauricular sideburn area in two cases, in the malar region in six cases, in the eyelid in three cases and in the intraorbital region in one case. When this flap was used in the auricular or periauricular region, the blood circulation was safe and the appearance was aesthetically good in flaps pedicled by the postauricular vessels or by the superficial temporal vessels. However, when the defect was more remote from the auricle, the blood circulation of the flaps pedicled by superficial temporal vessels, whether subcutaneous pedicle flaps or free flaps, was unstable. In some cases there was extensive or partial necrosis of the distal area of the flap. On the other hand, the free flaps pedicled by the postauricular vessels had satisfactory blood circulation, but the vessels were sometimes short, narrow and difficult to find, especially the veins. In these cases, we were obliged to use the superficial temporal vessels. A further problem is that some of the patients, especially younger women, were dissatisfied when the retroauricular flap was used in the malar region because of the reddish colour of the flap.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[High-resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of bone-destroying processes of the external ear].

Eleven patients with known malignant tumours of the outer ear and three patients with otitis externa maligna were examined by high resolution CT. CT provided accurate information concerning soft tissue infiltration into the parotid or subtemporal tissues, and of the bony destruction in the mastoid, meatus and tympanic cavity. Absolute differentiation between a malignant tumour and otitis cisterna maligna is not possible, not even by high resolution CT.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed2005

Malignant melanoma of the auricle.

Malignant melanomas are found in a variety of locations, ranging from sun-exposed skin to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Melanomas arising in the head and neck region comprise some 20% of all melanomas; of these, 7-15% occur in the vicinity of the external ear (most often on the helix). Auricular melanomas, like those arising elsewhere, are rare in childhood and are most often first diagnosed in men in their 50s. Melanomas of the external ear may present as flat pigmented lesions or as raised mass lesions; amelanotic (non-pigmented) variants exist as well. Auricular melanomas are frequently recognized pathologically as either superficial spreading melanomas or nodular melanomas. These tumors are aggressive, with a propensity for spreading to both regional lymph nodes and distant sites. Key pathologic prognostic features of auricular melanomas include the histological subtype, tumor thickness, level of invasion and presence of ulceration. Therapy includes both aggressive surgical attempts at excision in combination with sentinel node sampling in some instances and perhaps, adjuvant therapy as well. This is a tumor which is often overlooked until late in its course, with tragic consequences; vigilance and aggressive attempts at identifying these tumors at earlier stages are strongly advocated.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1994

Aggressive papillary tumor of middle ear/temporal bone and adnexal papillary cystadenoma. Manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau disease.

The occurrence of an aggressive papillary middle ear/temporal bone tumor (APMET) and a benign adnexal papillary tumor of probable mesonephric origin (APMO) in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is reported. Histologically, both tumors were identical to papillary cystadenomas of the epididymis and broad ligament of probable mesonephric derivation. A comprehensive literature review showed that including the current case, seven of 46 (15%) documented cases of APMET and four of four (100%) cases of APMO arose in patients with VHL. Given an estimated minimum birth incidence of 1/36,000, a one-sample test of binomial proportion using the exact method establishes that the association of APMET and APMO with VHL is highly significant (p = 1.4 x 10(-24) and 1 x 10(-18), respectively). The data indicate that APMET and APMO may represent major visceral manifestations of VHL. Accordingly, in the presence of one of these tumors strong consideration should be given to the diagnosis of VHL, given either the presence of another major component of VHL or documentation of VHL in at least one consanguineous relative.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Ear reconstruction with rotation-advancement composite flap.

The rotation-advancement of a composite auricular flap for reconstruction of a large defect involving the triangular fossa as well as most of the crura of the anthelix is presented as an alternative method for reconstruction. The technique is simple, safe, and a one-stage operation.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting as a tumor of the middle ear: a case report.

PURPOSE: Extramedullary relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia most commonly occurs in the central nervous system or in the testes. Otologic involvement is very rare and has only been reported as an autopsy finding. PATIENT AND METHODS: We describe the case of a 5-year-old girl with CD10 positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed an isolated otologic relapse 18 months after the initial diagnosis of ALL. RESULTS: This otologic relapse presented as an atypical otitis media related to a mass of the middle ear. The leukemic infiltration of the middle ear was demonstrated by histologic examination. A cytogenetic change characterized by the occurrence of t(1;19)(q23;p13) was observed in the leukemic cells from the middle ear, and the t(1;19) molecular fusion transcript E2A-PBX1 was detected in the bone marrow by polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION: The ear is an exceedingly rare site of relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Molecular analysis demonstrates that such an extramedullary relapse can represent an early manifestation of systemic relapse.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Stellate subperichondrial repair of a double ear cancer.

Cancer disguised as dermatitis involved both the anterior and posterior auricular perichondrium, necessitating excision of the middle third of the ear. Closure of this larger defect was effected by a three-pronged subperichondrial wedge excision of cartilage, leaving overlying skin intact. The reconstructed ear, therefore, had fewer scar lines than would have resulted from open-wedge excisions.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Bilateral chondroma of the auricle.

Benign extraosseous cartilaginous lesions are uncommon and favor mainly the soft tissues of the hands and feet. We report a case of chondroma of both auricles. This localization has not been previously reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perineurioma: an unusual cause of an external auditory canal polyp.

A 33-year-old woman presented with pruritus of the right ear and on examination was found to have 1 x 1 cm polypoid lesion in the external auditory canal. This was removed and histological examination revealed a well-circumscribed spindle cell lesion arranged in fascicles and whorls. Immunohistochemistry showed the tumor to be EMA-positive but S-100-, desmin-, actin-, and cytokeratin-negative. Ultrastructural examination confirmed perineurial cell origin. There are several lesions in which perineurial cells are present, but a true perineurioma is composed exclusively of perineurial cells. It has characteristic morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features that help separate it from other nerve and neuroectodermal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of tumours of the parotid gland and middle ear using obliquely reconstructed computed tomographic images.

Conventional planning of radiotherapy of tumours of the parotid, middle ear and other tumours in the head and neck often requires the treatment plane to be non-transverse. This produces major problems in delineating the tumour as well as verifying that vital structures such as the spinal cord are not included in the target volume. The use of computed tomography (CT) generally overcomes some of these problems and we have developed an algorithm to reconstruct transverse CT images into the appropriate oblique plane. Software has been written on the Picker Independent Treatment Planning System (ITPS) to allow planning on central axis and off-axis oblique planes. In addition we have used a beam's eye view facility to aid in the verification process.

Ear Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Case report: salvage fractionated high dose rate after-loading brachytherapy in the treatment of a recurrent tumour in the middle ear.

Re-irradiation of previously irradiated head and neck sites is associated with a high complication rate. In an attempt to reduce this complication risk, multiple fractions of high dose rate (HDR) intracavitary irradiation were used in a young patient who had developed recurrent transitional cell carcinoma in the tympanic cavity one year after radical radiotherapy. After gross surgical removal of the tumour, an afterloading probe was placed into the middle ear by a surgical approach. In 11 treatments of 3 Gy each over 4 days, a total dose of 33 Gy was delivered to a spherical volume, 1.7 cm in diameter. The patient was 24 months free of disease at the start of 1993. Audiometry shows no severe deterioration of hearing. We concluded that fractionated HDR brachytherapy can be used to achieve local control in small volume recurrences at previously irradiated sites, without the inevitability of complications.

Adult↗