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PubMedDate not supplied

A pilot study of esthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis vs. selected other dental conditions.

The prevalence of fluorosis has increased over the past fifty years, and with this increase, esthetic concerns pertaining to fluorosis should also be taken into consideration. Canadian, Australian, and British studies have explored perceptions concerning enamel fluorosis, but no studies in this area have been published from the United States. In the previous studies, esthetic concerns resulting from fluorosis generally were not compared with the esthetic perceptions of other conditions such as isolated opacities, tetracycline staining, or various types of malocclusion. In the present investigation, respondents answered written questions about paired photographs, one of fluorotic teeth and the other with one of the other conditions. Results show that not only is fluorosis noticeable, but it may be more of an esthetic concern than the other conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Resistance of three new esthetic post-and-core systems to compressive loading.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Despite their esthetic properties, the fracture resistance of newly introduced esthetic post-and-core systems has not been studied, restricting clinical use. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the fracture resistances of 3 recently introduced esthetic post-and-core systems with a cast metal post and core using a clinically related test method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty recently extracted caries-free maxillary central incisors were selected, sectioned, and their roots endodontically treated. The roots were then embedded in acrylic resin blocks and assigned to 4 experimental groups (n = 10). The cast metal (Wiron 99) post-and-core group (CMDC) served as the control. Three experimental groups consisted of a stainless steel post/composite-resin (Charisma) core group (SCOM), zirconium dioxide post/composite-resin (Charisma) core group (ZCOM), and zirconium dioxide post/ceramic (Cosmopost) core group (ZCER). The post spaces were prepared, posts were seated, cores were formed, and 40 post-and-core foundations were cemented into the roots. Following thermal cycling (5000 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C with a dwell time of 30 seconds), a compressive load was applied to the inclined surface of each specimen at a 130-degree angle to the specimen long axes in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure occurred. Force to failure (N) was recorded. Data were analyzed with a 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests to determine the difference between the groups (alpha=.05). For pairwise comparisons among group mean values, P < .0083 indicated statistical significance and established the overall confidence level at 95%. RESULTS: Groups CMDC (738.6 N +/- 10.2) and ZCER (710.2 N +/- 5.3) exhibited the highest resistance to fracture. The ZCOM group showed the lowest fracture resistance (450.3 N +/- 5.7). The fracture resistance of the SCOM group (565 N +/- 7.2) was lower than the CMDC and ZCER groups, and higher than the ZCOM group. The differences among the groups were significant (P < .001) except for CMDC and ZCER (P < .016). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the cast metal post/core and zirconia post/ceramic core foundations were found to be more fracture resistant than the zirconia post/composite-resin core and stainless steel post/composite-resin core foundations. Aside from its desirable esthetic properties, the zirconia post/ceramic core combination demonstrated high resistance to fracture.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Esthetic reconstruction after mastectomy for inflammatory breast cancer: is it worthwhile?

BACKGROUND: Because inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been viewed as a malignancy with a poor likelihood of longterm survival, few women have been offered esthetic reconstruction after mastectomy for IBC. Recent advances in multimodality therapy have improved the outcomes for women with this disease. The purpose of this review was to assess the results of esthetic breast reconstruction in the population with IBC. STUDY DESIGN: Review of medical records at the City of Hope National Medical Center for the 10-year period ending in May 1997, revealed 23 women who underwent elective esthetic breast reconstruction after mastectomy for IBC. The records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. Patients requiring reconstruction for large surgical chest wall defects were not included in the review. RESULTS: Treatment for IBC included mastectomy in all patients, chemotherapy in 22, and chest wall radiation therapy in 14. Immediate reconstruction was performed at the time of mastectomy (n = 14) or was delayed (n = 9). The types of reconstruction included transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (n = 18), latissimus dorsi flap (n = 2), or prosthetic mammary implant reconstruction (n = 3). Seven women chose to undergo additional reconstruction procedures (ie, nipple reconstruction) after their initial reconstruction. With a median followup of 44 months for survivors, 16 patients developed recurrence after reconstruction. Of these, 6 were local recurrences and 10 were distant failures. Seven patients are currently alive with no evidence of disease, 4 are currently alive with disease, and 12 have died as a result of breast cancer. The median disease-free survival after reconstruction was 19 months. The median overall survival after reconstruction for all patients was 22 months. The only negative predictor of survival was a positive surgical margin at mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The significant emotional and esthetic benefits of breast reconstruction should be available to women with IBC. In light of the improving prognosis of IBC with current aggressive multimodality treatment, reconstructive procedures should be offered as part of comprehensive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Multidisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation of a crown-root fracture with original fragment for immediate esthetics: a case report with 4-year follow-up.

Dental practitioners frequently encounter dentoalveolar traumas. According to the severity of the trauma, a large spectrum of complications such as isolated tooth fracture, dentoalveolar fracture or fracture at maxillofacial region may occur. If the isolated tooth fracture occurs particularly at anterior region, the rehabilitation should satisfy both esthetic and functional problems. An unrestorable tooth should be extracted and this leads to more complex treatments such as implant or conventional prosthetic rehabilitations, which will restore the function, but impair the esthetics. Recently, powerful new generation dual-cured resin composites have been produced for reattachment of original fractured fragments. In this case, we presented treatment of oblique crown-root fracture of a maxillary central tooth from enamel-cement junction by the reattachment technique. We used dual cured resin composite (Panavia F) and a self-tapping screw-post (Dentatus) for reattaching the crown fragment. Orthodontic treatment was applied for intruding and leveling the tooth. Four years after treatment, the tooth exhibited good esthetics, good periodontal health and normal function. However, minimal relapse occurred in spite of orthodontic treatment. In conclusion, the reattachment technique is an alternative method, which offers satisfactory esthetic and functional rehabilitation of the fractured teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter & Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A & H (Arm & Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX). RESULTS: The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups). CONCLUSION: It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2003

["Esthetic plus"-ITI-implants (TPS): a prospective clinical study].

The purpose of this prospective study was to examine the influence of a 1 mm lengthening of the rough surface (TPS) of "esthetic plus"-ITI-implants on the periimplant soft and hard tissues. Twenty-one "esthetic plus" ITI-implants were inserted into the maxilla in an esthetically critical zone of 12 patients with sufficient alveolar bone. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed after ten and 32 months. The mean DIB-score (DIB = distance between implant shoulder and first implant-bone contact) was 2.19 mm after 32 month. The average DIB-score of implant sites adjacent to natural teeth was 1.90 mm, there only 0.1 mm of the rough surface did not have bone contact. However, the average DIB-scores of implant sites adjacent to other implants (2.63 mm) or distal extension situations (2.79 mm) were much higher. This means that the coronal part of the rough surface had no radiographic bone contact with 0.83 mm (to other implants) and with 0.99 mm (to distal extension situations), what should be taken into consideration when using an "esthetic plus"-ITI-implant. As a consequence a standard ITI-implant with a smooth neck of 2.8 mm would be indicated. The results of the present study indicate, that not only the shortening of the smooth implant neck to 1.8 mm but also the adjacent structures influence the periimplant soft and hard tissues.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The civil responsibility of the plastic surgeon in esthetic procedures].

The authors discuss the professional liability of plastic surgeon for the results of esthetic procedures. In their opinion, plastic surgery was artificially divided in reconstructive and esthetic one. Legal decisions have also separated them and the success of results in esthetic procedures have been considered to be obligatory by the courts. The authors believe that in all cases of plastic surgery including esthetic operations the surgeon should use the adequate ways to achieve the best possible results that represent the average for the cultural and ethnic group in question.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of one-step polishing system on the surface roughness of three esthetic resin composite materials.

Proper finishing of restorations is desirable not only for aesthetic considerations but also for oral health. The primary goal of finishing is to obtain a restoration that has good contour, occlusion, healthy embrasure forms and a smooth surface. This study investigated: 1) analyzing the surface roughness of three resin composites finished and polished with a new one-step and two conventional multi-step polishing systems and 2) evaluating the effectiveness of one-step polishing system and surface morphology using scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM). Specimens (N = 72) measuring 8-mm in diameter x 2-mm in thickness were fabricated in a plexiglass mold covered with a Mylar strip using three esthetic resin composites. After polymerization six specimens per resin composite received no finishing treatment and served as a control. Fifty-four specimens were randomly polished with Sof-Lex discs, Enhance disc with polishing paste or PoGo for 30 seconds after being ground wet with a 1200 grit silicon carbide paper. The average surface roughness of each polished specimen was determined with a profilometer (Surtronic 4). The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test of multiple comparisons (p < or = 0.01). Representative samples of the mentioned finishing procedures were selected and examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). There was no surface roughness in all resin composites tested against Mylar strip. The results showed no difference between the surfaces of Clearfil ST and Esthet-X polished with PoGo and the Mylar group (p > or = 0.01). Among all the polishing systems tested, PoGo exhibited the smoothest finish for all resin composites. The combination of Enhance and Prisma Gloss polishing paste exhibited the highest roughness values for Filtek A110 and Clearfil ST; however, it gave the same Ra values as PoGo for Esthet-X (p < or = 0.01). SEM analysis of Esthet-X samples confirmed the profilometer's results. The surfaces of the Clearfil ST discs polished with PoGo resemble that of Mylar, while Enhance and Sof-Lex exposed and dislodged the filler particles. PoGo scratched in some places Filtek A110's surface, while Enhance produced mostly a Mylar-like surface with dislodged fillers in some places.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1997

Esthetics and vertical tooth position: orthodontic possibilities.

Throughout the 1990s, esthetic dentistry has become a prominent part of the treatment protocol of most dentists. Patients have become more conscious of the benefits of a beautiful smile and are willing to invest time and money to improve the appearance of their teeth. Many of these patients can be treated with routine restorative procedures (crowns, composites, laminates) to achieve the desired results. However, some patients have problems with tooth position that create significant discrepancies in gingival levels which can compromise the esthetic result of restorative dentistry. Prerestorative orthodontic therapy can often resolve these tooth position problems and enhance the esthetic restoration. This article describes the indication, methods, and results achieved when orthodontics preceded restorative dentistry in the treatment of various esthetic challenges.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Effectiveness of high-power laser use in the removal of esthetic restorations: a systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of high-power lasers in the removal of esthetic restorations compared with conventional methods. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD420251055736). A comprehensive electronic search was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were independently performed by four reviewers using QUIN tool for in vitro studies. A total of 2.384 records were identified, of which 19 in vitro studies conducted on extracted human permanent teeth met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The included studies evaluated different high-power laser systems, predominantly Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG lasers, as well as CO&#x2082; lasers. Five studies were classified as high quality, whereas the remaining fourteen studies were classified as moderate quality. Available laboratory evidence suggests that laser-assisted techniques may represent a potential alternative approach for removing esthetic restorations, with advantages including conservative tissue removal, reduced damage to underlying tooth structures, and intrapulpal temperature increases within acceptable limits. The Er: YAG laser was the most frequently investigated system, with power settings ranging from 1.5 to 5.9&#xa0;W, showing particularly favorable laboratorial performance in the removal of lithium disilicate restorations, especially in thinner substrates. Within the limitations of the available evidence, high-power lasers appear to be a promising and minimally invasive alternative to conventional methods for the removal of esthetic restorations. However, the predominance of in vitro studies highlights the need for well-designed clinical trials to confirm these findings and support their clinical application.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Silhouette profiles in the assessment of facial esthetics: a comparison of cases treated with various orthodontic appliances.

This study uses comparisons of silhouette profiles to determine the effects of orthodontic treatment on facial esthetics. Forty-eight white patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions and mandibular retrognathism were treated, without tooth extraction, with the Fränkel appliance and by the Begg light-wire, the straight-wire edgewise, and the Tweed edgewise methods. One hundred first-year dental students selected the profile which they estimated had the best facial esthetics and then evaluated this preferred profile as "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory." As more posttreatment than pretreatment profiles were preferred for each of the four treatment groups, there was no clear trend in preference among the treatment modalities assessed. Percentages of the preferred posttreatment silhouettes selected as "satisfactory" ranged from 46 to 55. The results support the use of the silhouette in the evaluation of profiles. Also, they show the advantage of determining, in surveys of facial esthetics, whether or not preferred profiles or faces are "satisfactory" to the viewers. However, since it is a simplified representation of a profile, the silhouette is a complement to other methods of profile evaluation, not a substitute.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1978

Denture esthetics is more than tooth selection.

The selection of the proper mold and shade of denture teeth is but one part of denture esthetics. Compensating for lost alveolar bone, correctly positioning anterior teeth for lip support, and reestablishing the correct vertical dimension of occlusion, in combination with proper tooth selection, creates good denture esthetics. Proper contour and normal physiologic movement of the muscles enhances an esthetic denture, whereas improper support can severely detract from it. Even though denture construction requires a step-by-step progression, these steps cannot be isolated but rather must be integrated to produce an optimal result.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Dental esthetics and the golden proportion.

A system of esthetic predictions is described that has been used since antiquity. The naturalness of the system is emphasized by showing examples from nature and how artists and designers use it. The application of this system to dental esthetics is facilitated by the description and inclusion of a dental grid for the anterior esthetic segment.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1981

Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part III: Attitudes of patients and dentists.

Attitudes of 396 subjects were surveyed concerning crown margin placement, and 112 dentists were surveyed regarding their treatment approach in respect to crown margin placement. The results of this study indicate that: 1. Routine subgingival margin placement of esthetic crowns may overtreat many patients. 2. Routine subgingival margin placement of esthetic crown is not always necessary. 3. Some patients may accept supragingival crown margins, even if they show. 4. A substantial group of patients may prefer optimum health potential over esthetics. 5. A thorough diagnosis should include analysis of patient's attitudes.

Attitude↗
PubMed1988

Implant prostheses for convertibility, stress control, esthetics, and hygiene.

A method of connecting "fixed partial denture" prostheses to osseointegrated implant fixtures has been described. The advantages of this system of restoration for partially and fully edentulous mouths are that it is more effective in addressing the problems of (1) stress-control on abutments, (2) a back-up system for abutment failures, (3) esthetics, and (4) control of bacterial plaques around abutments. To accomplish this procedure, the application of convertible periodontal prosthesis techniques with modifications to some existing implant systems is undertaken. The disadvantages of this method seem insignificant when one considers the complexities and risks involved with the present array of implant prosthesis alternatives. Some patients and dentists might consider the necessity of the prosthesis being detachable as one disadvantage. In reality, the prosthesis can be used as a fixed restoration until the patient has fully adapted to the new proprioception and appearance. A large percentage of patients feel uncomfortable with the word "removable" because it immediately creates a perception of unsightly metallic clasp display, palatal coverage, tongue interference, and negative body image. The use of the term "detachable" coupled with the doctor's offer to perform this task for the patient "whenever necessary" will usually relieve the patient's anxiety and allow the treatment to proceed. Once neuromuscular and esthetic adaptation have occurred and the patient has accepted the prosthesis, daily detaching and home-care hygiene by the patient will follow without incident. Esthetic improvement is obvious (Fig. 3).

Cementation↗
PubMed2006

Perceptions of dental esthetics of Asian orthodontists and laypersons.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of anterior dental crowding, overjet, overbite, dental spacing, and type of malocclusion on dental esthetic perceptions of Asian orthodontists. METHODS: Twenty-one Asian orthodontists (10 men, 11 women) and 158 adult laypersons (38 men, 120 women) rated the attractiveness of 50 pairs of black-and-white intraoral photographic prints of various types of malocclusions. Each pair included a frontal and a right buccal view of the dentition at maximum intercuspation. Raters used a visual analogue scale (VAS), with "least attractive" (0 mm) and "most attractive" (100 mm) as the 2 extremes, to score the dental esthetics of the photographs. A principal investigator objectively measured the dental traits from study models. Linear regression analysis was performed with VAS scores as the dependent variable and anterior dental crowding, overjet, and overbite measurements as the independent variables. Independent sample t tests were used to determine the effect of dental spacing on the VAS scores. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the effect of type of malocclusion (Class I, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, Class III) on VAS scores. RESULTS: Increased overjet (>6 mm) and severe maxillary dental crowding (>8 mm) were found to be significantly correlated with laypersons' VAS scores (P <.05). Reverse overjet was found to be significantly correlated with orthodontists' VAS scores (P <.05). No significant correlation was found between overbite, dental spacing, and VAS scores. Class III malocclusions were significantly perceived to be the most unesthetic by orthodontists. CONCLUSIONS: Overjet was the major occlusal trait that influenced the perceptions of dental esthetics of both laypersons and orthodontists.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Use of sculptra mark in esthetic rejuvenation.

The addition of Sculptra to the esthetic dermatology landscape in September 2004 brought a new opportunity for facial rejuvenation. Sculptra, which is polymerized lactic acid (PLA), received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HIV-associated lipoatrophy. Since its approval, it has gained acceptance among cosmetic dermatologists and plastic surgeons, and its inclusion in any update of esthetic dermatology is certainly warranted. Its uses for esthetic indications are now being substantiated by clinical trials and, as experience with this product increases, it is likely that it will be more widely used for these reasons.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1998

Esthetic considerations in restoring endodontically treated teeth with posts and cores.

Posts and cores are often required for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Many methods for making post-and-core reconstructions have been described. With the increased use of all-ceramic systems for esthetic tooth restorations, there is a need for esthetic core reconstructions. This article describes several methods for fabricating esthetic posts and cores.

Dental Porcelain↗