Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “DIETICIANS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Nitrosamine, nitrate and nitrite in relation to gastric cancer: a case-control study in Marseille, France.

A case-control study on gastric cancer and diet was conducted in Marseille (France). Ninety-two patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma and 128 controls undergoing functional reeducation for injuries or trauma were interviewed by a trained dietician using a dietary history questionnaire on their usual diet during the year preceding the first symptoms for cases, or preceding interview for controls. Intake of nitrite, nitrate and pre-formed N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from food was estimated using a food composition table compiled ad hoc. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated after adjustment for age, sex, occupation and calorie intake. The results indicated that high intake of NDMA was associated with increased risk for gastric cancer. The ORs for the second and third tertile of NDMA intake were: OR2 = 4.13 (95% CI = 0.93 18.27) and OR3 = 7.00 (95% CI = 1.85 to 26.46). Intake of nitrate and nitrite was not associated with increased risk of stomach cancer. Consumption of vegetables was protective in general and independent of their estimated nitrate content.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Nutritional habits of patients suffering from seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: a screening of 93 Dutch patients.

Although the nutritional status of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis is considered to be poor and inversely related to disease activity, information on nutritional habits of these patients is scanty. Dietary habits of 93 patients suffering from active seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, functional class 2 or 3, confirmed by an interview with a dietician (dietary history method), revealed a significant gap between energy, carbohydrate, and fat intakes and recommended amounts, adjusted for age, sex, body weight and physical activity.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1993

Prevention of readmission in elderly patients with congestive heart failure: results of a prospective, randomized pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and potential impact of a non-pharmacologic multidisciplinary intervention for reducing hospital readmissions in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical trial, with 2:1 assignment to the study intervention or usual care. SETTING: 550-bed secondary and tertiary care university teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: 98 patients > or = 70 years of age (mean 79 +/- 6 years) admitted with documented congestive heart failure. INTERVENTIONS: Comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment strategy consisting of intensive teaching by a geriatric cardiac nurse, a detailed review of medications by a geriatric cardiologist with specific recommendations designed to improve medication compliance and reduce side effects, early consultation with social services to facilitate discharge planning, dietary teaching by a hospital dietician, and close follow-up after discharge by home care and the study team. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All patients were followed for 90 days after initial hospital discharge. The primary study endpoints were rehospitalization within the 90-day interval and the cumulative number of days hospitalized during follow-up. The 90-day readmission rate was 33.3% (21.7%-44.9%) for the patients receiving the study intervention (n = 63) compared with 45.7% (29.2%-62.2%) for the control patients (n = 35). The mean number of days hospitalized was 4.3 +/- 1.1 (2.1-6.5) for the treated patients vs 5.7 +/- 2.0 (1.8-9.6) for the usual-care patients. In a prospectively defined subgroup of patients at intermediate risk for readmission (n = 61), readmissions were reduced by 42.2% (from 47.6% to 27.5%; p = 0.10), and the average number of hospital days during follow-up decreased from 6.7 +/- 3.2 days to 3.2 +/- 1.2 days (p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: These pilot data suggest that a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to reducing repetitive hospitalizations in elderly patients with congestive heart failure may lead to a reduction in readmissions and hospital days, particularly in patients at moderate risk for early rehospitalization. Further evaluation of this treatment strategy, including an assessment of the cost-effectiveness, is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Approach in the Adolescent Patient.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disease whose hallmark is the accumulation of large-droplet fat in hepatocytes. This metabolic disorder occurs mainly in overweight or obese individuals. The disease mechanism involves hyperinsulinemia and hepatic insulin resistance, not ethanol abuse. NAFLD may be the hepatic manifestation of the "metabolic syndrome" classically associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis, which is the least rapidly progressing disorder, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to cirrhosis, which can evolve to chronic liver failure. The high prevalence of NAFLD in children has been recognized only in the past 5 to 10 years, as rates of childhood obesity have soared. Accordingly, the best strategies for diagnosis and treatment of childhood NAFLD are a work in progress and remain controversial. Weight reduction through a healthy diet and regular medium-intensity exercise is the mainstay of current treatment. Few research data are available to guide pharmacologic therapy. Certain points regarding management of childhood NAFLD require emphasis: It is a serious liver disease that requires detailed clinical investigation. Other liver diseases causing fatty liver and/or abnormal liver tests, notably Wilson disease and chronic viral hepatitis, need to be excluded. Liver biopsy can provide critical diagnostic and staging information. Associated genetic or endocrine disorders need to be identified. Treatment should begin with a low-glycemic index diet that provides adequate nutrients but is low in harmful fats and eliminates foods causing postprandial hyperglycemia. Initially, this can target two to three problem foods so that it is easy for the adolescent to follow. Regular exercise suited to the capabilities and interests of the teenager should be added to the daily routine. Where possible, a team approach, including a dietician and psychologist, should be utilized, as adolescents do better in a supportive atmosphere. Optimal drug treatment requires further research: current front-runners are vitamin E and metformin. The roles of drugs that alter appetite and bariatric surgery for adolescents with NAFLD have not been determined.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Psychosocial factors in nutrition education for hypercholesterolemic children.

The goals were to assess psychosocial effects of labeling children as hypercholesterolemic and to measure changes in child well-being as a function of participation in nutrition education interventions. Older (6-10 years old) and younger (4-6 years old) children with (> 4.55 mmol/l; > 176 mg/dL) and without elevated total cholesterol levels were identified by cholesterol screening. Psychosocial functioning (self-esteem, perceived dietary competence, health beliefs, parental control of eating) was assessed and at-risk children were randomized into a home-based, self-contained nutrition education program (the Parent-Child Autotutorial, or PCAT program), dietary counseling with a registered dietician, or an at-risk control group. At three, six, and twelve months following baseline, children's psychosocial functioning again was assessed; parents also provided data at baseline, three months, and twelve months. Analyses of data from 189 at-risk and 74 not-at-risk children revealed that: (a) Older hypercholesterolemic children reported poorer health beliefs than non-labeled children; (b) Older girls in nutrition education programs reported lower self-esteem than control group girls; (c) Older children's feelings of efficacy at choosing a healthful diet were positively related to their health beliefs and self-esteem; (d) Younger children's reports of parents' dietary control were negatively related to children's feelings of acceptance; and (e) Parents of older children in the PCAT program reported increases over time in children's ability to choose a healthful diet. The quasi-experimental design means that conclusions about negative labeling effects should be drawn cautiously, but the evidence suggests that education interventions can have an impact on child efficacy and potentially child adjustment. Factors associated with adverse reactions to labeling (parental control or feelings of efficacy) should be taken into account in the development of intervention programs for children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Early nutritional supplementation immediately after diagnosis of infectious disease improves body weight in psychogeriatric nursing home residents.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many elderly people with Alzheimer's disease experience weight loss. Illness and inadequate regain after a period of illness are considered as contributory causes of progressive weight loss in psychogeriatric patients. We studied whether early use of a liquid nutrition supplement immediately after onset of acute illness from infection can prevent weight loss in elderly psychogeriatric nursing home residents. METHODS: Randomised controlled trial of 5 weeks after the onset of illness. Thirty-four psychogeriatric nursing home residents (aged > or =65 yrs) completed the study period. A liquid nutrition supplement (200 ml) once daily immediately after diagnosis of infection or standard treatment (enriched food after referral to a dietician) were provided. Body weight, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, triceps skin fold thickness, dietary energy intake, and need for care were measured. RESULTS: Weight change during the study period was significantly different between the standard (-0.4 kg) and supplement (+0.8 kg) groups (p = 0.040). No significant differences were observed in changes of mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skin fold thickness, calf circumference or energy intake between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early provision of a liquid nutrition supplement immediately after onset of acute illness from infection leads to weight gain in elderly psychogeriatric nursing home residents.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Conservative treatment of obesity in an academic obesity unit. Long-term outcome and drop-out.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the outcome and the problems of drop-out in the treatment of obese outpatients at an academic obesity unit. DESIGN: A two-year clinical treatment evaluation. SUBJECTS: A total of 117 obese subjects, 83 women and 34 men, mean aged 50 (23-70) years, with an average body mass index (BMI) of 39.0 kg/m2 (28.8- 64.7). INTERVENTION: All treatment was based on group therapy and included behaviour modification and nutrition counselling. A team of nurses, dieticians, a physiotherapist, a psychotherapist and a physician supervised the treatment. Two programmes were used. Group 1 initially received a low-calorie diet (LCD) for seven weeks combined with the behaviour treatment programme. Group 2 was treated with the behaviour treatment programme only. All subjects were offered complementary treatment according to their medical needs. RESULTS: There was a continuous drop-out of subjects during the two-year treatment period with an overall drop-out rate of 53%. Anthropometric characteristics, medical history or reasons for drop-out had no impact on the drop-out rate. In completers the weight reduction after two years was 9.2 [+/-10.8 standard deviation (S.D.) kg. In non-completers the weight reduction of the last observed weight measurement was 4.7 (+/-7.9 S.D.) kg. After year two, the weight reduction in Group 1 was 8.8 (+/-12.2 S.D.) kg, and in Group 2 was 9.7 (+/-8.0 S.D.) kg. CONCLUSION: This study has showed the difficulties of long-term clinical treatment of obese outpatients, even in a specialised obesity clinic. The findings demonstrate that educated and experienced staff together with an extended package of treatment options is not enough to keep patients in treatment for two years. However though the drop-out rate was high, two thirds of the included subjects reduced their weight, which is a satisfactory result in a clinical setting. The drop-out rate and the reasons for dropping out could give a clue in which direction the diagnostics and analysis of the subject's individual needs in health care should be directed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Binge eating disorder in males: a population-based investigation.

The authors investigated the prevalence of binge eating behavior in a general male Austrian population. A randomly selected sample of 1000 male adults aged 18 to 88 was interviewed by dieticians over the phone. Some screening instruments were used to detect binge eating behavior. The results showed a total prevalence of eating disorders of 14.9%. Eight subjects (0.8%) met the full diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder (BED), 42 (4.2%) exhibited a partial binge eating syndrome, 94 (9.4%) an Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, and five subjects (0.5%) a bulimia nervosa. Most subjects with a eating disorder were overweight or obese, particularly those with a full BED syndrome. Our findings indicate that full BED syndromes are very rare in a nonclinical male sample, whereas partial syndromes are fairly common in males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[A German pioneer in Turkish dietetics: Elisabeth Wolff].

In Turkey, the foundation of modern dietetic started only in 1935 at the IInd Clinic for Internal Medicine at the Medicine Faculty of Istanbul University on behalf of the clinic's director Sen. Prof. Dr. Erich Frank, a well-known expert on diabetes, and his dietician Elisabeth Wolff, both having refuged from the 1933's Gemany. Wolff, one of the early leading and example representatives of the dietetic arising new in the world and Europa at that time, presented and taught the new treatment in Turkey where she worked for 32 years. Frank cooperated intensively with her to establish a modern diabetes treatment with uptodate methods in Turkey on the dietary treatment of internal diseases.

Dietetics↗
PubMed2006

[The educational program for the management of psoriasis vulgaris according to the rules of the Task Force on Dermatological Prevention: current status].

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a substantial impairment of quality of life. Interdisciplinary outpatient educational programs are an innovative supplementary therapy form for the management of this disorder. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The Task Force on Dermatological Prevention developed a concept for outpatient instruction of psoriasis patients. Five 2-hour classes by dermatologists, psychotherapists/psychologists and dieticians focus on central topics relevant for the patients and the management of the disease. RESULTS: The results presented are based on own experiences with this educational program. The interdisciplinary program is accepted very well and seen as helpful by the concerned. A structure analysis of the effects in a greater number of cases is a current goal. In some areas, health insurance companies are paying for the classes. CONCLUSION: The educational program for the management of psoriasis vulgaris according to the rules of the Task Force on Dermatological Prevention is a supplement of the treatment of patients with this chronic skin disease. Broader implementation in Germany is desirable.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2006

[Interdisciplinary training program for adults with psoriaisis: six months follow-up].

BACKGROUND: The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate effects of an interdisciplinary training program for adult psoriasis patients after six months follow-up. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with psoriasis participated in an interdisciplinary training program over a weekend taught by dermatologists, psychologists/psychiatrists, and dieticians. Six months follow-up was performed with a questionnaire. RESULTS: The knowledge acquired improved the cooperation with the treating dermatologist (7 of 11), the patients' ability to cope with their disease (11 of 11), and their ability to improving their health status (8 of 11). Their general well-being was increased (9 of 11) and they could better care for their skin disease because they better understood the need for care (9 of 11), and could better judge the best approach for various levels of disease activity (8 of 11). CONCLUSION: These data show early benefits and suggest such a longer lasting effect of this type of psoriasis training and prevention program. Further studies with larger samples and control parameters will have to examine if these results can be confirmed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

The Supportive Care Task Force at the University of L'Aquila: 2-years experience.

The Supportive Care Task Force (SCTF) was established within the Medical Oncology Department at the University of L'Aquila in May 2002. The missions of the SCTF were to allow systematic evaluation and treatment of symptoms, to warrant continuity of care in all phases of disease and to provide medical oncology residents with training in the treatment of symptoms. A medical oncologist, two senior residents in medical oncology and a registered nurse comprised the SCTF. A psychiatrist, two neurologists, a dietician, and two physiotherapists served as consultants or on a part-time basis. Four beds in two-bedded rooms inside the Medical Oncology Department were reserved to SCTF. A close integration with the physicians of the Medical Oncology Department was realised. The only criterion to admission was the presence of uncontrolled symptoms. Patients were evaluated and monitored with the visual analogue scale for pain and with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS). The Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP Score) was employed to assess the prognosis. Non-clinical needs were evaluated with the Need Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ). Protocols for the treatment of common symptoms were available in written form for consultation by physicians, residents and nurses. From 1 May 2002 to 31 May 2004, we observed 208 patients: 111 women and 97 men. The median age was 64.7 (range 28-90) years. Fifty-four patients (25.9%) were admitted more than once, for a total of 285 admissions. One hundred ninety-nine admissions (69.5%) were for supportive care while 86 admissions (30.5%) were for supportive care and active treatment. The most frequent symptoms were asthenia and anorexia. We registered excellent results regarding the treatment of pain, nausea and dyspnea while psychological symptoms, anorexia and asthenia proved more difficult to treat. Two hundred twenty patients were discharged: 142 (49.8%) home; 76 (26.7%) to the Home Care Service and two (0.7%) to others units of the hospital. Sixty-five (22.8%) died in our unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Competent gastrostomy for patients with head and neck cancer.

This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency and patient satisfaction with a modified Janeway gastrostomy for patients with head and neck cancer and cancer of the upper GI tract and involved 24 consecutive patients with serious malnutrition caused by advanced cancer of these sites. All underwent surgery during which a tube was constructed from the anterior gastric wall with the aid of GIA-75 automatic stapler. The operation was performed under local anaesthesia, with a senior anaesthesiologist, who sedated the patients, in attendance. The operation was successful in all cases. No postoperative mortality could be attributed to the operation. The complications were minor. The patient's close relatives were able to feed them intermittently with home-made formula made according to the instructions of our dietician. No late complications were recorded. Overall, the patients were satisfied with his technique for managing their feeding problem. The modified Janeway gastrostomy is an easy and safe operative procedure; it is an effective way of managing patients with malnutrition as a result of cancer of the head and neck or of the upper GI tract.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Oral complications in the head and neck radiation patient. Introduction and scope of the problem.

Head and neck cancer arises in the upper aerodigestive tract, most commonly in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. The anatomy and physiology of this region are uniquely complex, and the function and appearance are critical to patients' self-image and quality of life. Head and neck cancer is related to tobacco and alcohol exposure, and is hence found more frequently in males in lower socio-economic classes. These patients therefore tend to be less health conscious and to have less social support than most other groups of cancer patients. Most head and neck cancer patients are treated with high-dose radiotherapy to large irradiation fields encompassing sensitive structures, including the oral cavity and surrounding structures. Significant side effects occur in both the acute and the chronic phase, and dealing with these is a complex issue. Increasing intensity of treatment has improved survival but has also increased treatment side effects. A dedicated multidisciplinary team of oncologist, head and neck surgeon, dentist, nurse, dietician, physical therapist, social worker and in some instances plastic surgeon, prosthodontist, and psychologist is needed to provide the optimal supportive care for these patients. New developments in radiotherapy techniques are expected to lead to even higher cure rates and fewer side effects in patients with head and neck cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2005

Nutrition therapy for overweight children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes.

The increased number of children and adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes presents new challenges to pediatricians, nurses, and dietitians. Treatment with medications and lifestyle changes is similar to that for adults with type 2 diabetes, but must be developmentally appropriate for children and adolescents. Registered dieticians must apply knowledge from treatment for overweight children and adolescents without diabetes with treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes to provide effective nutrition therapy for this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

History and activities of Japan Diabetes Society.

After 1953, Dr. Y. Kobayashi organized a study group of chemotherapy of diabetes mellitus, and then a more broader 'Diabetes Study Group' sponsored by the Ministry of Education. During these group activities, the members felt the need to establish a forum to discuss various aspects of diabetology. In December 1957, an inaugural meeting of the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) was held. The objectives of the Society were to promote the investigation and to spread the knowledge on diabetes and to thereby prevent the hazard arising from diabetes. Since that time, JDS has been admitted as a member of the International Diabetes Federation in 1958, and was approved as an incorporated association by the Ministry of Education in 1985. It has now seven regional branches. Members increased greatly and reached 7795 in March 1993. In every year, JDS has a 3-day nationwide general scientific meeting, and local meetings are held by each of its branches. The official journal 'Tonyobyo (Journal of the Japan Diabetes Society)' is being issued monthly. JDS edited educational books for diabetic patients, such as 'Guidebook for the Treatment of Diabetes', 'The Exchange List of Foods for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus' and 'The Guidebook of Summer Camp for Diabetic Children'. In 1967, JDS began to hold a 2-day post-graduate course named 'Progress in Diabetology' for physicians, nurses, dieticians and other health professionals. JDS has a close connection with the Japan Association of Diabetes Care and Education, co-sponsoring the 'diabetes week' every year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1993

The cost of an extensive burn survival.

A 17-year-old male sustained 95 per cent body surface area burns (87 per cent full thickness skin loss). He was hospitalized in the Department of Plastic Surgery that also treats burns. After 232 days he was discharged home when he was functionally independent. He had 16 surgical procedures for excision of burn eschar and skin grafting; received a total of 128 units of blood; 899 units of fresh frozen plasma and had enteral hyperalimentation for 175 days. About 1000 physician-hours, 3000 nurse-hours, 1000 physiotherapy and occupational therapy-hours and about 250 dietician-hours were needed for his treatment. More than 1850 laboratory tests and 120 X-rays were performed, and more than 600 kg of ointment and creams were used, as well as half a ton of topical antimicrobial solutions. Ten different antibiotics were used for a total of 85 treatment days. Some 8500 m of dressing were applied with more than 6000 pieces of petroleum jelly gauze dressing. Hospitalization costs were found to be US$141,750, only 37.5 per cent of which were salaries. An analysis of these costs is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Factors influencing consumption of pork and poultry in the Irish market.

Comparisons of Irish consumers' beliefs about pork and poultry in the framework of Fishbein and Ajzen's Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) showed that poultry is viewed as the tastier, healthier and less expensive of the two meats while pork is viewed as the safer meat. The influence of attitudes and important others on intention to consume these meats was explored and the findings support the basic structure of the TRA model. In this study, both attitudes towards poultry and pork consumption and the influence of important others influenced intention to consume pork and poultry, but attitude was of greater importance. For poultry, health, eating enjoyment, safety and price were most important determinants of attitude with environment and animal welfare less so. In the case of pork, health, eating enjoyment, safety and animal welfare were most important determinants of attitude with environment and price less so. Furthermore, doctor's advice influenced the subject norm for both poultry and pork, which in turn influenced intention to consume, while dietician's advice only influenced the subject norm for pork.

Adult↗