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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Antibacterial effect of beta-thujaplicin on staphylococci isolated from atopic dermatitis: relationship between changes in the number of viable bacterial cells and clinical improvement in an eczematous lesion of atopic dermatitis.

Beta-thujaplicin (hinokitiol) is a tropolone-related compound purified from the wood of Chamaecyparis obtusa, SIEB: et Zucc. and Thuja plicata D. Don. All Staphylococcus aureus isolates were inhibited by beta-thujaplicin with MICs of 1.56-3.13 mg/L. However, a paradoxical zone phenomenon occurred, with each isolate producing regrowth at higher beta-thujaplicin concentrations. Other antimicrobial agents showed a wide range of MICs. The combination of beta-thujaplicin and zinc oxide inhibited the paradoxical zone phenomenon, and enhanced killing activity against clinically isolated staphylococci. Large numbers of viable bacterial cells, especially S. aureus cells, were detected in the skin surface of atopic dermatitis, in comparison with those in healthy volunteers. The number of cells increased as the severity of the skin condition worsened. Topical application of beta-thujaplicin resulted in a reduction in the number of bacterial cells on the skin surface, and an improvement in skin condition after treatment. The results of this study suggest that the degree of reduction in the number of viable bacterial cells in an eczematous lesion of atopic dermatitis is related to the degree of improvement in skin condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Development of the Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale: initial validation of a quality-of-life measure for young children with atopic dermatitis and their families.

To measure the effects of atopic dermatitis (AD) on the quality of life of affected young children and their families, we developed a prototype 62-item instrument, the Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS). The prototype CADIS was developed from a comprehensive conceptual framework based on data from parents and clinicians. The instrument had eight subscales (four each for child and parent): physical health, emotional health, physical functioning, and social functioning. The goal of this work was to test the validity of and to refine the prototype of CADIS. Two hundred seventy parents of children under the age of 6 y with AD responded to the instrument. Content validity was demonstrated by expert and parent reviews of the drafted and refined instrument, and by analyzing parents' responses to open-ended questions about their children's skin disease. Construct validity was assessed in exploratory factor analyses which supported a refinement in the conceptual framework to consist of two dimensions with five domains: child dimensions (symptoms and activity limitation/behavior), and parent dimensions (family/social function, sleep, and emotions). Seventeen items were eliminated, yielding a 45-item refined version of CADIS (score 0-180) with evidence of content and construct validity and suggested use in clinical research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum orbiculare: treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp with miconazole-hydrocortisone (Daktacort), miconazole and hydrocortisone.

Seventy patients (36 males and 34 females) with seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp were treated in a double-blind controlled study, for a maximum of 6 weeks, with 2% miconazole base and 1% hydrocortisone (Daktacort), 2% miconazole base, or 1% hydrocortisone. Patients who were cured were treated with the same formulation prophylactically twice monthly for 3 months or until recurrence. Nineteen of 21 patients were cured in the Daktacort group, 15 of 22 in the miconazole group and 17 of 24 in the hydrocortisone group. The number of cultured Pityrosporum orbiculare was significantly lower in all groups after treatment, but in the hydrocortisone group was still significantly higher than in the two other groups. After 3 months of prophylactic treatment, both Daktacort (16 of 19 patients clear) and miconazole (10 of 15 patients clear) were significantly better than hydrocortisone (3 of 17 patients clear) (P less than 0.01). The numbers of P. orbiculare remained low in the Daktacort and miconazole groups and also significantly lower than in the hydrocortisone-treated group (P less than 0.01). In patients with recurrence, the numbers returned to pre-treatment levels. This study demonstrates the aetiological significance of the Pityrosporum yeasts in seborrhoeic dermatitis. Both Daktacort and miconazole were effective in treatment and as prophylactic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis with ketoconazole: I. Response of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp to topical ketoconazole.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study was made of ketoconazole shampoo in the treatment of 20 subjects with seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. Responses were measured by clinicians using clinical gradings, and by the patients using a linear analogue scale. Scaling and itching of the scalp improved significantly with ketoconazole and no response was seen with placebo. Topical ketoconazole appears to be an effective therapy for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp, and more suitable for long-term treatment than the oral preparation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1996

Six area, six sign atopic dermatitis (SASSAD) severity score: a simple system for monitoring disease activity in atopic dermatitis.

The Six Area, Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis severity score has proved to be a simple and effective system for recording and monitoring disease activity in atopic dermatitis. The score is obtained by grading six signs (erythema, exudation, excoriation, dryness, cracking and lichenification), each on a scale of () (absent), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), or 3 (severe), at each of six sites; arms, hands, legs, feet, head and neck, trunk. The maximum score is 108.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed2004

A new instrument for assessing quality of life in atopic dermatitis: international development of the Quality of Life Index for Atopic Dermatitis (QoLIAD).

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or chronically relapsing inflammatory skin condition that can have a considerable impact on those affected. There are a number of instruments available to measure outcome in dermatological conditions but none have been developed specifically for AD. In addition, most measure symptoms and/or daily functioning, which are potential influences on quality of life (QoL) rather than assessments of the construct itself. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to develop a new instrument specifically designed to measure QoL in adults with AD-the Quality of Life Index for Atopic Dermatitis (QoLIAD). METHODS: The instrument was developed based on the needs-based model of QoL and was produced in several different countries simultaneously. Its content was derived from 65 in-depth interviews with relevant patients in the U.K., Italy and the Netherlands. The initial version of the measure was produced in U.K. English and translations were produced for the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, France and the U.S.A. using a dual translation panel methodology. A Spanish version was developed using the same adaptation process after the instrument was finalized. Field-test interviews were conducted with approximately 20 patients in each country to assess face and content validity. The instrument [in addition to the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule (PGWB)] was then administered to up to 300 AD patients in each country at two time points to finalize the instrument and test its psychometric properties. RESULTS: The initial version of the QoLIAD had 56 items that reflected the areas of need fulfillment identified in the qualitative interviews as having been affected by AD: mental and emotional stimulation, physical and emotional stability, security, sharing and belonging, self-esteem, personal development and fulfillment. Comments from patients in field-test interviews resulted in the removal of 14 items, to leave a 42-item instrument that was considered relevant and acceptable. The number of patients participating in the survey were 286 in the U.K., 46 in the Netherlands, 213 in France, 187 in Germany, 178 in the U.S.A. and 83 in Spain. Application of the Rasch model to these data identified the final 25-item QoLIAD. Unidimensionality was confirmed, with deviation of the total scale from the Rasch model evident at a single time point in one country only (the U.K.). All language versions, with the exception of the Dutch measure, had test-retest reliability coefficients in excess of 0.85. The test-retest in the Netherlands was 0.80. However, this country had the smallest sample size and the corresponding reliability for the DLQI was only 0.40. The QoLIAD had adequate internal consistency and the initial indications of construct validity were good. The levels of association with the DLQI indicated that the two instruments measure related but distinct constructs. CONCLUSIONS: The QoLIAD is a practical, reliable, valid and culturally applicable instrument for measuring the impact of AD and its treatment on QoL in clinical trials or in routine clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis and in nonatopic dermatitis.

Skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was examined in 30 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), in 25 patients with nonatopic eczema (NAE) and in 30 individuals as healthy controls (HC). Bacteria growth was examined in aerobic cultures and the population densities per dish were estimated; S. aureus colonization was found in the eczematous skin of 24 of 30 (80%) AD patients and in 13 of 25 (52%) NAE patients (NS, p greater than 0.1). In nonaffected skin S. aureus colonization was found in 19 of 30 (63%) of all AD patients compared with 6 of 25 (24%) in NAE patients and 1 of 30 (3%) in HC, respectively (p less than 0.05). In nonaffected skin, coagulase negative strains of staphylococcus were found in 25 of 30 (84%) controls and in 18 of 25 (72%) NAE patients compared with 12 of 30 (40%) patients with AD. It seems that colonization with S. aureus is not a characteristic feature for atopic dermatitis but is a frequent event in damaged skin; significantly elevated values were also observed in nonatopic eczema. The degree of colonization may depend on the severity and duration of the eczematous lesions.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1996

Mango dermatitis: allergic contact dermatitis to Mangifera indica.

Mango Dermatitis' is the common term given to allergic contact dermatitis to the sap or skin of the fruit of Mangifera indica. Four patients presented with urticaria and eczematous rash following exposure to mangoes or the trees. Patch testing with diluted sap, crushed leaf, crushed stem and fruit skin was strongly positive.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Occupational dermatitis from Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Cichorium (endive). Simultaneous occurrence of immediate and delayed allergy as a cause of contact dermatitis.

Four patients with occupational contact dermatitis to Lactuca sativa had cross-sensitivity to Cichorium endivia. One of the patients also had contact urticaria to Lactuca and Cichorium, and another reacted positively to scratch tests with these plants as a sign of immediate allergy. In two cases such immediate allergy was considered the cause of a vesicular, intense itching eruption within a few minutes of contact with fresh leaves of Lactuca on previously eczematous skin. The severe chronic dermatitis of the hands of these patients is ascribed to combined delayed and immediate allergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Contact dermatitis in Nigeria. (IV). Dermatitis of the feet.

Contact dermatitis of the feet is common in Nigeria. 136 patients with dermatitis of the feet were investigated; 83 had positive patch tests. 59 to chemicals in shoes; 22 reacted to rubber chemicals and 16 to chromate, 53 had negative patch tests. The causal mechanisms and treatment methods are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Allergic contact dermatitis in children. A multicenter study of the Portuguese Contact Dermatitis Group (GPEDC).

The authors report a study of allergic contact dermatitis in 329 Portuguese children of 14 years or younger. 170 children (64 male and 106 female) reacted to 1 or more allergens. Most of these were in the 11-14 years group. The main allergens were nickel, thimerosal, cobalt, mercury, fragrance-mix and potassium dichromate. Nickel reactivity predominated in females over the whole group, but a greater number of males younger than 5 years reacted to nickel. The number of positive reactions increased with age, but this was not accompained by an increase in the % of relevant tests. 12 children, all of them 13 or 14 years-old, had an occupational allergic contact dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Sesquiterpene lactone contact sensitivity: clinical patterns of Compositae dermatitis and relationship to chronic actinic dermatitis.

A mix of 3 sesquiterpene lactones (SL) (SL mix 0.1%) was evaluated over a 4-year period. Of 7420 patients with eczema investigated by patch testing, 135 (68 male, 67 female) (1.8%) demonstrated positive reactions, 114 (84%) considered clinically relevant. Females outnumbered males until the age of 60, after which men were more commonly affected. The clinical patterns varied from patients presenting with generalized eczema (20%) or eczema of the hands and face (24%), to patients with hand (36%) or facial eczema (11%) alone. 48 patients were investigated for suspected photosensitivity and 29 (21 male, mean age 69 years, and 8 female, mean age 66 years) had abnormal cutaneous monochromatic irradiation tests. These results highlight the varied clinical presentation of SL contact dermatitis and its association with chronic actinic dermatitis. The SL mix proved reliable and safe, supporting its inclusion in the European standard series of contact allergens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Aquarium dermatitis: cercarial dermatitis in an aquarist.

A 33-year-old man presented with very itchy red papules on the back of his hands and forearms. These papules appeared about 90 min after he had cleaned his aquarium in which he kept native fish and watersnails. He had obtained the watersnails some weeks before from a nearby pond. Examination of water from the aquarium revealed cercariae. The clinical diagnosis of cercarial dermatitis was corroborated. Cercarial dermatitis has repeatedly been seen in swimmers but not in aquarists keeping fish in a home aquarium.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Interleukin-18 is elevated in the sera from patients with atopic dermatitis and from atopic dermatitis model mice, NC/Nga.

BACKGROUND: Several lines of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that interleukin-18 (IL-18) shows both antiallergic and allergy-promoting activities. But its expression in allergic diseases remains unknown. METHODS: Serum IL-18 levels from atopic dermatitis (AD) model mice, NC/Nga and control mice and from patients with AD and healthy volunteers were measured by ELISA. The relationship between IL-18 levels and serum IgE levels or clinical severity was also examined. RESULTS: Serum IL-18 levels from NC/Nga mice were significantly increased compared to those from control mice. The elevation of IL-18 in the sera was observed prior to the onset and during the development of dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. In addition, IL-18 levels in the sera from patients with AD were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated compared to those from healthy volunteers. However, serum IL-18 levels tended to correlate negatively with serum IgE levels in patients with AD and NC/Nga mice. CONCLUSION: IL-18 is overexpressed in AD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Pigmented and hyperkeratotic napkin dermatitis: a liquid detergent irritant dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Napkin or diaper dermatitis (DD) is an inflammatory cutaneous eruption limited to the diaper area and common in the first 2 years of life. A number of clinical variants of DD have been identified. OBJECTIVE: We report a new variant of DD characterized by papyraceous skin, brownish discoloration and predilection for the depth of folds. METHODS: 15 infants and toddlers affected by this peculiar type of DD were evaluated regarding duration, localization, morphology and evolution of their dermatosis. RESULTS: This variant of DD was mainly confined to the depth of inguinal and gluteal folds and invariably associated with severe xerosis with papyraceous and glazed skin. The patients were healthy and asymptomatic and all laboratory investigations performed were normal. All patients were frequently changed and thoroughly washed with synthetic detergents with acid pH. DD improved rapidly with reduced frequency of washing and discontinuation of liquid detergents. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that this condition is a type of irritant contact dermatitis from excessive use of lipid acid detergents.

Dermatitis, Irritant↗
PubMed2006

Primula allergic dermatitis simulating occupational contact dermatitis induced by metals, oils and greases.

A case of the hands and face dermatitis in a patient employed in a store with motor-car spare parts is presented. Both the patient and her doctor were convinced that skin lesions were caused by the contact with metals, oils and greases. After detecting allergy to primine (after 48 and 96 h, + +), the patient recalled that two months earlier she had started to grow primrose (Primula obconica) at home. Patch tests with the primrose leaf and flower were also positive (+ +). The presented case provides evidence that routine primine testing is essential in all patients with suspected contact allergy dermatitis. In Poland like in the majority of countries, primina is not included in the standard kit.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMed2005

Topical superantigen exposure induces epidermal accumulation of CD8+ T cells, a mixed Th1/Th2-type dermatitis and vigorous production of IgE antibodies in the murine model of atopic dermatitis.

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have repeated cutaneous exposure to both environmental allergens and superantigen-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. We used a murine model of AD to investigate the role of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in the modulation of allergen-induced skin inflammation. Mice were topically exposed to SEB, OVA, a combination of OVA and SEB (OVA/SEB), or PBS. Topical SEB and OVA/SEB exposure induced epidermal accumulation of CD8+ T cells and TCRVbeta8+ cells in contrast to OVA application, which induced a mainly dermal infiltration of CD4+ cells. SEB and OVA/SEB exposure elicited a mixed Th1/Th2-associated cytokine and chemokine expression profile within the skin. Restimulation of lymph node cells from OVA- and OVA/SEB-exposed mice with OVA elicited strong production of IL-13 protein, whereas substantial amounts of IFN-gamma protein were detected after SEB stimulation of cells derived from SEB- or OVA/SEB-exposed mice. Topical SEB treatment elicited vigorous production of SEB-specific IgE and IgG2a Abs and significantly increased the production of OVA-specific IgE and IgG2a Abs. The present study shows that topical exposure to SEB provokes epidermal accumulation of CD8+ T cells, a mixed Th2/Th1 type dermatitis and vigorous production of specific IgE and IgG2a Abs, which can be related to the chronic phase of atopic skin inflammation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Dermatitis causada por Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Hemileucidae) en la región costera del Estado del Delta del Amacuro, Venezuela [Dermatitis caused by Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Hemileucidae) in the costal region of the state of Delta Amacuro, Venezuela].

2 cases of acute dermatitis caused by butterfly Hylesia metabus in an area that so far has not been considered as endemic for this species were presented. The dermatitis observed in these individuals may be described as very circumscribed, pruriginous, erythematous generalized protruding papules that may be compared with urticaria, and with a variable degree oedema. Monomorphic eruption consisting in small hard papules crowned by a little vesicle was also present. The lesions of these 2 patients evolved with intensely pruriginous papules for a week and after that they healed without dermatological sequelae.

Adult↗