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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Occlusal relationship in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate during the mixed dentition stage: does neonatal maxillary arch configuration predetermine outcome?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is any correlation between initial maxillary arch dysmorphology patterns in complete bilateral cleft lip/palate (BCLP) and the subsequent occlusal relationship in early mixed dentition. DESIGN: This retrospective study evaluated 41 consecutive patients with complete BCLP who were managed by a single tertiary cleft team between 1983 and 1992. All patients had bilateral synchronous lip adhesions with placement of a passive alveolar molding appliance at 4 to 8 weeks of age; definitive modified Manchester lip repair at 6 to 8 months of age; and a one-stage "two-flap" palatoplasty at 14 months of age. Neither gingivoperiosteoplasty nor early alveolar bone grafting was performed. Four patients required early surgical premaxillary setback because of adverse social reactions to a very protrusive premaxilla. All patients (7 to 9 years) were assessed prior to initiation of first-phase orthodontics (maxillary expansion) in anticipation of alveolar bone grafting. Cleft team records were reviewed to determine initial maxillary arch dysmorphology, treatment, and occlusal relationships in early mixed dentition stage. The initial maxillary dysmorphology was classified using a new grouping based on orientation of the vomer, the intercanine distance, and its symmetry. Patterns of mixed dentition occlusion were then compared with group type, and predication tables were generated. Because midface retrusion is the major dentoskeletal morbidity in cleft patients, angle Class I and II occlusions were designated as "favorable" and Class III as "unfavorable." RESULTS: In early mixed dentition, approximately three-fourths of patients with complete BCLP had favorable occlusion and one-fourth unfavorable occlusion. The occlusal status seemed unrelated to the initial maxillary arch dysmorphology, the use of early passive alveolar molding appliance, or surgical premaxillary setback. CONCLUSION: Patterns of variation within the initial dysmorphology of the maxillary arch in infants with complete BCLP cannot be used to predetermine subsequent molar occlusal relationships in the mixed dentition.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of supernumerary teeth in deciduous and mixed dentition.

Supernumerary teeth are the extra teeth which may have either erupted or unerupted in addition to normal dentition and are seen both in deciduous as well as permanent dentition. The incidence of supernumerary teeth shows more frequent occurrence in permanent dentition than deciduous dentition, affecting both the sexes. The etiology of supernumerary teeth is still unknown and not well understood, but thought to be the result from disturbance during the initiation and proliferation stages of tooth development. In the present study an attempt has been made to asses, its prevalence in deciduous and mixed dentition phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[An eight-year longitudinal study for caries status on primary and permanent dentitions in Beijing children].

OBJECTIVE: To study whether the caries status of the primary dentition correlated with status of the permanent in the same cohort over an eight-year period. To determine whether the caries status of the primary dentition can be used to predict caries in the permanent dentition. METHODS: A total of 362 children, 3 - 4 years old in the baseline study in 1992 were re-examined in 2000 based on WHO criteria and methods. RESULTS: Statistically significant associations were observed between the caries prevalence in primary and permanent teeth (P < 0.01) and between DMFT(s) and dmft(s) (P < 0.01). Children who had caries in the primary teeth were nearly three times more likely to have caries in the permanent teeth (RR = 2.6,95% CI = 1.4 - 4.7, P < 0.001). The highest sensitivity (93.9%) for prediction caries in the permanent dentition was found in caries presence on any of the eight primary molars, for which the relative ratio was 3.3 (95% CI = 1.8 - 6.1, P < 0.001) and the positive prediction value was 85.4%. CONCLUSION: The study determinate clearly that caries status in the primary teeth can be used as a risk indicator for predicting caries in the permanent dentition.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Malocclusion, body posture, and temporomandibular disorder in children with primary and mixed dentition.

Occlusal factors, body posture and TM disorders were examined in forty children with primary dentition and forty children with mixed dentition. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between TM disorders and malocclusion, as well as that there is a relationship between body posture and TM disorders in the examined population. Clinical examination was done by two investigators, who used a stethoscope to detect TMJ sounds. The results showed that forward head position had a significant relationship to TM disorders in the mixed dentition. Also many of the occlusal factors were closely related to TM disorders in the population examined. The prevalence of TM disorders in primary dentition was 2.5% and in the mixed dentition it was 90% in the population studied.

Bruxism↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between formation and eruption of permanent mandibular buccal dentition and vertical height of the mandibular body: longitudinal study of Japanese boys from 4 to 9 years of age.

AIM: To examine the relationship between the formation and eruption (vertical tooth movement in and through the alveolar bone) of the permanent mandibular buccal dentition and vertical height of the mandibular body. METHOD: Mandibular morphology and tooth formation and eruption were analyzed from cephalograms taken annually on each birthday month from 4 to 9 years of age. RESULTS: From 4 to 6 years of age, before active tooth eruption, there was a significant positive correlation between the vertical height of the mandibular body and the distance from the permanent mandibular buccal dentition to the occlusal plane. There was a significant positive correlation between the vertical height of the mandibular body at 6 years of age and the subsequent annual amount of tooth eruption in the mandibular buccal dentition. Simple linear regression equations were obtained to predict the amount of mandibular buccal tooth formation and eruption from the vertical height of the mandibular body at 6 years of age. CONCLUSION: The larger the mandibular vertical height, the larger the distance from the buccal dentition to the occlusal plane before active eruption, and the larger the amount of tooth eruption during the active eruption period. The vertical mandibular morphology is useful to predict the formation and eruption of the mandibular buccal dentition.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2005

[A study on the extraoral cervical traction in the treatment of skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion in mixed dentition].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of extraoral cervical traction on skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion of early or late mixed dentition and discuss the optimal treatment timing. METHODS: The sample consisted of two groups of skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion. One group with 11 cases was treated started in early mixed dentition while the other with 15 cases in late mixed dentition. All cases were treated with extraoral cervical traction headgear. Cephalometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the treatment effects. Student's t test was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: SNA, ANB and the length of maxilla (A-Ptm) were reduced and the inclination of maxillary incisor was decreased in both two groups. When comparing the two groups, it was found that the reduction of SNA was more notable, which means the inhibition of the maxilla was more evident in late mixed dentition. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no significant difference on the distalization of the first upper molar between two groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The extraoral cervical traction might be more effective in late mixed dentition to restrain maxillary growth in the treatment of skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Dentition, Mixed↗
PubMed1990

Cross-sectional study to evaluate variations in attached gingiva and gingival sulcus in the three periods of dentition.

The dimensional differences of the attached gingiva and gingival sulcus in the primary, mixed and permanent dentition were studied clinically in normal gingivae of 382 children, aged 4-15 years. The depth of the gingival sulcus and the width of keratinized gingiva were also measured. Shallow gingival sulcus was observed in the primary dentition as compared to that in permanent dentition. However, in the mixed dentition deeper sulcus was observed around the newly erupted teeth. This was attributed to deeper penetration of the instrument, at the time of eruption. The widest zone of attached gingiva was observed in maxillary and mandibular incisors, decreasing gradually over the cuspids and first premolars (first primary molars), and again attached gingiva increased in second premolars (second primary molars) and first and second permanent molars. The width of attached gingiva in case of newly erupted permanent teeth (mixed dentition) was narrower in the corresponding primary teeth. This was due to an increase in the gingival sulcus depth. The attached gingiva increased in width with age. This was related to a concomitant reduction in sulcus depth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mandibular condylar structure and growth in Macaca fascicularis are related to skeletal rather than dentitional development.

Mandibular condyles of eight male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), ranging in weight from 1.5 to 3.0 kg, were examined using histometric, radioautographic and stereologic techniques. The animals were classified on the basis of their dentitional and, as judged from radiographs of the hand and wrist, of their skeletal development. This allowed morphometric parameter means to be plotted as a function of four dentitional and five skeletal levels of maturation. The influence of dentitional and skeletal age on total parameter variations was examined by calculating factorial analyses of variance. Although consistent and well defined within each method, condylar parameter changes plotted over skeletal age were essentially different from those over dentitional age. Whereas the latter were difficult, if not impossible, to interpret, the former closely resembled the age-related curves displaying the elongation of short bones of the fingers in M. fascicularis. Furthermore these parameter changes were also consistent with longitudinal alterations in mandibular growth as assessed radiographically in man. The analyses of variance suggested that animals exhibiting the same degree of skeletal as compared to dentitional development, particularly at late stages of maturation, were markedly more homogeneous with respect to the majority of the morphometric parameters examined. Therefore, somatic maturation rather than the stage of tooth eruption should be the basis for estimating biological age in growth studies of the mandibular condyle.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1985

Occlusal forces and chewing ability in dentitions with cross-arch bridges.

The main aims of this thesis were 1) to study the pattern of axially directed occlusal forces developed during chewing and biting in dentitions restored with cross-arch bridges, 2) to find out to what extent these forces are influenced by the amount of periodontal tissue supporting the bridge abutments and 3) to study the chewing ability in subjects supplied with cross-arch bridges. For the purpose of aims 1 and 2 a method was developed which permits measurement of occlusal forces in various parts of as well as over the entire dentition simultaneously. The method is based on the use of strain-gauge transducers mounted into pontics or artificial teeth. Two groups, each comprising 12 subjects, were included in the studies of occlusal forces. In one group, the periodontal support included bilateral molar end abutments. In the other group, molar/premolar end abutments were unilaterally missing and replaced with posterior two-unit cantilevers. In each subject, four transducers were used, bilaterally distributed to represent the posterior and anterior regions and mounted so as to measure forces perpendicular to the occlusal plane. The occlusal forces were measured during 3 activities: 1) chewing and swallowing, 2) biting with maximal strength in habitual occlusion, expressing the voluntary capacity of the jaw-closing muscles, and 3) clenching between two antagonistic teeth, expressing the transient periodontal force withstanding capacity in that region. The amount of periodontal tissue supporting the bridge abutments was assessed from radiographs. The chewing ability was studied using a fractional sieving technique in principle according to Helkimo el al (1978) and was compared with the chewing ability of subjects with complete healthy dentitions and complete denture wearers. The mean total chewing force amounted to about 100 Newtons (N) in dentitions with cross-arch bilateral end abutment bridges, compared to about 50 N in dentitions with cross-arch unilateral posterior two-unit cantilever bridges (P less than 0.01). The mean maximal bite force in habitual occlusion amounted to 320 N and 264 N respectively (NS). In the presence of end abutments, the chewing and biting forces were significantly larger in the posterior than in the anterior regions. The local forces on the distal cantilever unit were, however, equal to or smaller than those in the anterior regions and much smaller than have been suggested in the literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Orthodontic anomalies in primary and permanent dentition--a longitudinal study.

This research has intention to examine the stability and the changes of the Classes from the period of primary to permanent dentition on longitudinally examined subjects. The sample consisted of 246 children (132 boys and 114 girls) with orthodontic anomalies in primary dentition that were not orthodontically treated until the ensuing visit made by the same orthodontist in permanent dentition. 71.9% of the examined children (72.7% boys and 71.0% girls) registered no Class changes within the analysed period. Between boys the falling of the Class I occlusion, from primary to permanent dentition is unsignificant, but between girls Class I occlusion is falling significant and grow Class II malocclusion. In boys 29.2% of changes occurred in Class I occlusion of which 25.0% were brought to Class II while 4.2% to Class III malocclusion. In girls from 32.9% changed Class I occlusion, 28.9% changed into Class II, and 3.9% into Class III malocclusion. The Class II malocclusion during the development of dentition is more stable than the Class I occlusion.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Morphological and metrical comparison of San and Central Sotho dentitions from southern Africa.

Comparative morphological and metrical study of San and Central Sotho dentitions indicates that the teeth of the two samples are significantly different from one another. The San dental complex contains traits that add mass to the occlusal surface of microdontic dentitions: moderate low-grade UI1 (13.5%) and UI2 shoveling (24.7%), high Bushman canine (43.1%), fairly low UM2 hypocone reduction (23.3%), high UM2 cusp 5 (55.6%), high LM1 cusp 7 (35.2%), LM1 distal trigonid crest (7.1%), and LM2 deflecting wrinkle (5.3%), lack of reduction of LM1 and LM2 cusp number, in the presence of very low UM1 Carabelli's trait (6.7%) and high LM2 Y-groove (86.3%). Culturally, males occasionally exhibit filed UI1 and females are missing LI1. Conversely, mesodontic Central Sotho dentitions display a more simplified morphology, with the exception of moderately high incidence of UM1 Carabelli's trait (41.0%) and very high LM1 cusp 7 (71.3%). Discriminant analysis of mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters and tooth crown surface area data for the left maxillary teeth supports classification of San dentitions as microdont and Central Sotho dentitions as mesodont. Additionally, metrical analysis indicates that San teeth are more sexually dimorphic than are those of Central Sotho.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Longitudinal changes in gingival condition in crowded and noncrowded dentitions subjected to fixed orthodontic treatment.

A previous study showed that initial crowding in the dentition was negatively correlated with gingival bleeding at the end of orthodontic treatment, whereas visible plaque on the labial surfaces had apparently no significant association with gingival health. The present study further examined the relationship between initial crowding and gingival health during fixed orthodontic treatment. A total of 220 patients were followed longitudinally during treatment. In this population, 2 groups, 1 consisting of 45 patients with severe crowding and 1 consisting of 52 patients with no crowding, were examined more closely. The gingival bleeding index (GBI) was recorded at bonding, at 12, 24, and 48 weeks after bonding, and at debonding. At bonding, the GBI was the same in the 2 groups. However, the GBI improved significantly from 12 weeks after bonding to debonding in the patients with crowded dentitions, whereas the patients with noncrowded dentitions showed no changes. Possible reasons for this difference were identified: to have the same GBI at bonding, despite the severe crowding, the patients in this group probably had better oral hygiene. Those with crowded dentitions had received more oral hygiene instruction within 2 years before bonding than those with noncrowded dentitions, according to the general practitioners' records. When the crowding was eliminated after approximately 3 months, the conditions for cleaning the teeth were improved, and, accordingly, the patients' improved oral hygiene resulted in lowered GBI scores. One could also speculate that correcting the crowding during the first few months of treatment had a positive psychological effect, motivating the patients to use the skills in oral hygiene that they had adopted before treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Tooth size-arch length relationships in the deciduous dentition: a comparison between contemporary and historical samples.

In a recent study, it was reported that maxillary and mandibular arch lengths were significantly shorter in a sample of contemporary children in the deciduous dentition compared with a historical sample from about 50 years earlier. The purpose of this study was to describe secular changes that might have occurred in tooth sizes and tooth size-arch length relationships in the same cohorts of contemporary and historical North American white children in the deciduous dentition. The 2 samples were similar in terms of geographic location, racial and ethnic backgrounds, and socioeconomic status. Both samples were restricted to white children with a normal overjet (<4 mm) and a normal anteroposterior molar relationship, no anterior open bite, and no crossbite. In addition, subjects were excluded if any permanent teeth were erupted. Measurements of mesiodistal tooth sizes and arch lengths of maxillary and mandibular arches were made, and tooth size-arch length discrepancies (TSALD) were determined. The results indicated that tooth sizes were generally similar in the 2 cohorts but slightly larger in contemporary children. Crowding, as measured by TSALD, was found to be common in the mandibular arch for contemporary children in the deciduous dentition of both boys and girls. Moreover, crowding was much more common and severe in contemporary children compared with children in the historical cohort. Further research is needed to determine whether the increase in mandibular crowding in the deciduous dentition will continue to be observed in the mixed and permanent dentitions and to further establish these possible secular trends.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2002

Tooth wear patterns in the deciduous dentition.

Tooth wear is common in the deciduous dentition. A recent study suggests that tooth wear in the deciduous dentition is related to subsequent tooth wear in adults, so that early identification of factors related to tooth wear could be of long-term benefit. The purposes of this study were to describe patterns of tooth wear in the deciduous dentition and to relate tooth wear to occlusal characteristics and longitudinal dietary patterns. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal study of a cohort of children recruited at birth from Iowa hospitals. Stone casts were obtained in the deciduous dentition stage, and 355 children, 4 to 5 years old, met the selection criteria. Tooth wear was categorized for each tooth as none, mild, moderate, or severe, and related to occlusal characteristics and longitudinal data on fruit juice and soft drink consumption. All children exhibited some tooth wear on at least 1 tooth, and nearly 16% of them had at least 1 tooth with severe wear. Tooth wear was generally more severe in the maxillary arch and the anterior teeth. Severe tooth wear on the molars was significantly related to posterior crossbites, but severe tooth wear on the incisors was related to Class III canine relationships. There were no statistically significant relationships between tooth wear and soft drink or fruit juice consumption. Based on our results, we concluded that mild tooth wear is universal in the deciduous dentition, but only a few occlusal factors are related to severe tooth wear. Tooth wear was not related to any dietary patterns we investigated.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Location of the centre of resistance of the upper dentition and the nasomaxillary complex. An experimental study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial displacement of the upper dentition and the nasomaxillary complex as a result of different directions of force application, and to determine the initial centres of resistance for both the upper dentition and the nasomaxillary complex. A macerated human skull with a well-aligned upper arch was used as one experimental model and Araldit 208 as a substitute for the periodontal ligament (PDL). Specifically designed 'antenna-headgear' was developed in an attempt to create different points of force application to simulate high-pull and horizontal traction, and orthopaedic force magnitudes of 8 N were applied to the upper dentition and the nasomaxillary complex. Double exposure holography was used to measure the initial displacement. Reproducibility of the technique was tested and found to be reliable. According to the registered fringe patterns, the force application transmitted by the headgear resulted in complex displacement of facial bones. Pure translation of the maxilla and the upper dentition was observed when the force vector passed by in the area of the key-ridge. No obvious difference was found between the centre of resistance of the upper dentition and the nasomaxillary complex. The location of two different centres of resistance could not be confirmed by measuring initial displacements on this macerated human skull.

Dental Stress Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Patterns of de novo plaque formation in the human dentition.

The objective of the present clinical trial was to carefully assess the pattern of de novo plaque formation in the human dentition. 10 subjects aged 24-29 years were recruited for the study. None of the participants showed signs of destructive periodontitis. At the start of the preparatory period, they were given a thorough dental prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction. For the next 2 weeks, the participants were carefully monitored and 1 x every 2 days examined with respect to plaque and gingivitis. At the re-examinations, they were also given professional tooth cleaning and instruction in proper plaque control measures. Towards the end of this 2-week period, the Day 0 examination was performed which revealed that the gingival tissues of all participants were in excellent clinical health. Following the Day 0 examination, all 10 subjects were exposed to professional tooth cleaning. During the next 14 days, they abolished all mechanical tooth cleaning efforts but were examined with respect to plaque on Days 1, 4, 7 and 14. The amount of plaque formed was examined using the criteria of the Plaque Index system (PlI). Each of 6 surfaces of each tooth in the dentition was given a score from 0 to 3. The results from the re-examinations demonstrated that in humans with clean teeth and normal gingiva, the abolishment of mechanical tooth cleaning rapidly resulted in de novo plaque formation. Most plaque, as assessed by the plaque index system, formed during the first 4 days of no tooth cleaning after which moderate additional amounts of plaque formed. It was observed that the mean PlI values for individuals, for groups of teeth and tooth surfaces, provide a proper overall estimation of plaque build up. The dynamics of plaque formation between examinations and in different parts of the dentition were more easily disclosed by the data describing % distributions of different score categories and the transition between scores from one examination to the next. The total amount of plaque formed on various tooth surfaces was best presented by so called "plaque pattern displays". The results also revealed that (i) the mandibular dentition harbored more plaque than the maxillary dentition, (ii) there was a difference in the mean PlI scores between the molar and the anterior tooth regions in the maxilla, but in the mandible such a difference could not be observed (except on Day 1), (iii) plaque accumulated most at the approximal surfaces and least at the palatal surfaces, and that (iv) differences in PlI scores between groups of teeth and tooth surfaces observed on Day 4 persisted through the Day 14 examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Degeneration of tooth germ in the developing dentition of the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica).

The aim of this study was to examine the developmental aspects of the dental lamina and the tooth germ of the marsupial opossum (Monodelphis domestica), and to clarify the dental formula of this animal. Specimens were 12-, 16-, and 18-d-old opossums. 3-D reconstructions were constructed from frontal serial sections. In these animals, the tooth germs of the deciduous maxillary and mandibular canine, deciduous third premolar and first molar, and the deciduous maxillary first incisor and second molar had a successional dental lamina and a replacement tooth germ. The tooth germ of the deciduous maxillary fourth incisor and the mandibular first incisor were reduced. The dental lamina was continuous in each jaw except for the deciduous maxillary first incisor. The first dentition (deciduous dentition) remained as the permanent dentition on the deciduous maxillary first incisor, and the deciduous maxillary and mandibular canine and first molar. The maxillary fourth incisor and the mandibular first incisor were the second dentition (successional dentition). Only the deciduous third premolars were replaced. These results showed monophyodonty caused by both deciduous and replacement tooth germ degeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Oral function in dentate elderly with reduced dentitions.

This study covers the characteristics of reduced dentitions in a population of elderly people. The sample consisted of 329 independently living individuals between 55 and 75 years of age. They all had one or more natural teeth and were all interviewed and investigated clinically. The findings showed that 13% of the subjects had a natural dentition with at least the first molars; 4-7 natural occlusal units (defined as 'pairs of opposing teeth that support the occlusion') occurred in 37% of the subjects; 1-4 natural occlusal units in 41% and 0 units in 9% (only anterior contacts). A removable partial denture was worn by 39% of the subjects; most of them were acrylic based dentures (61%). The percentages of restored teeth per subject were high. The need for further restorations, however, was low. Periodontal problems were uncommon; 25% of the subjects had one pocket above 5 mm; 8% had severe problems. Poor oral hygiene was present in a quarter of the cases. Most of the subjects (70%) had no pain or noises in the temporomandibular joint. Only 10% of subjects had more than one sign of craniomandibular dysfunction. Most of the subjects (85%) visit their dentist regularly and 65% had their last tooth extraction more than three years ago. A majority mentioned that they have never had problems with their dentition in the past; 50% had had no real toothache for the last five years. However, problems with food-packing were often mentioned. It can be concluded that, although the dentitions of the elderly in this population are often reduced, their dentitions are in general in good condition and few give TMJ problems.

Aged↗