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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A model for dental workload measurement.

The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model that would provide an efficient and standardized approach to workload reporting in a non-fee (HMO-like) dental care system. The model was also designed to predict the dental personnel resource requirements in the system as the overall dental needs of the population were already known. To accomplish this, a set of 246 task/procedures representing the broad scope of dental practice was developed. For each task/procedure, a Best Time-weighted Estimate (BTE) in terms of average expected man-minutes of work required for accomplishment was developed from over 35,000 actual time measurements on patient visits to 29 US Army dental clinics located throughout the United States. Because of the nature of the specific task/procedure data, it was necessary to use four different mathematical models to produce statistically optimal BTEs. It was concluded that, cumulatively the BTEs developed for each task/procedure evaluated could be used as a basis for both the development of a Dental Care Composite Unit workload measure and the determination of overall dental personnel resource requirements in a non-free dental care system.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1987

Development and application of a prediction model for dental caries.

The development and validation of a caries prediction model comprising 13 sociodemographic and dental examination variables on Grade 1 and Grade 5 children in the National Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Program are described. The objective was to derive a method of predicting children at high risk to caries early in order that preventive measures might be undertaken. True high risk children were defined in two ways: highest 25% of children based on their 4-yr DMFS increment, and their total DMFS score at the end of the study. In both cases, children predicted to be at high risk were defined as the 25% with the highest discriminant score. Discriminant function and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the extent to which the 13 variables collectively discriminated between true high risk and non-high risk children so defined. Sensitivity was approximately 0.50 and specificity around 0.82, using the 4-yr increment as the criterion for defining true high risk, and approximately 0.64 and 0.88, respectively, using the final DMFS score for defining true high risk.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Analgesic agents and strategies in the dental pain model.

Pain following removal of impacted third molar teeth has proven to be a useful clinical model for evaluating oral analgesics. Moreover, as the underlying pathophysiology becomes elucidated the model serves as a tool for monitoring the relative contributions of different pain events, including peripheral and central sensitization. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) demonstrate high potency in this model, reflecting the large contribution that peripheral prostaglandins may make to the pathophysiology of postoperative pain. However, other analgesic agents, with weak activity against peripheral prostaglandin synthesis (e.g. paracetamol, opioid analgesics), may also provide pain relief in the dental pain model. The activity of these agents is dependent on the time and method of administration, and may be related to more centrally located analgesic activity, or to peripheral actions other than inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In single dose studies it is possible to enhance pain relief by combining analgesic agents of different activities, e.g. ibuprofen 400 mg and codeine 20 mg. Such enhanced activity is also demonstrated by higher doses of certain NSAIDs, e.g. ketoprofen 100 mg. This may reflect the existence of complimentary analgesic activities within a single therapeutic agent. As a clinical research tool the dental pain model has several attributes which suggest that it will continue to be of value in identifying potentially improved analgesic strategies for postoperative pain.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1999

An extension of a phenomenological model for dental composites.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are firstly to demonstrate the limitations of a phenomenological model proposed for filler/resin dental composites, and secondly, to modify the model to accommodate these limitations. METHODS: A power-law rule of mixtures (ROM) is established by a simple modification of the elastic contact mechanics. A scaling parameter from the modification links the composite modulus Ec to the filler and resin moduli, Ef and Er. Computer simulation results available in the literature are used to determine the scaling parameter. Difference between the previous phenomenological model and the current approach is evaluated using correlation coefficients and standard errors. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that the previous phenomenological model is deficient if the modulus ratio Ef/Er is higher than 10 (the normal Ef/Er ratio for filler/resin dental composites is around 20-30). A modified approach keeps the simplicity of the previous model, gives much improved predictions for composite moduli and satisfies the boundary conditions for bulk filler and resin materials. SIGNIFICANCE: Dental researchers investigating a variety of combinations of different fillers and resins can have accurate first-hand estimates of the potential composite modulus even before the composites are actually made. Therefore, the dental researchers will be able to tailor their composite modulus more purposefully to match either the dentin or enamel modulus. Such a useful design tool would obviously promote much wanted further research and application of polymeric dental composites.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1998

Upside assay sensitivity in a dental pain model.

The extent of surgical trauma was related to postoperative pain intensity in a previous study. However, more extensive surgical procedures with higher baseline pain intensity did not appear to influence the ability to document the additive analgesic effect of codeine when given with paracetamol, partly due to large interindividual variation in baseline pain intensity. The aim of the present study was to attempt to improve upside assay sensitivity in this dental pain model by: (1) selecting patients with high baseline pain intensity; and (2) closer supervision of outpatients>> drug intake and compliance with protocol. Only patients with baseline pain >/=50 on a 100 mm visual analogue scale after wisdom tooth surgery were included. Twenty patients were given paracetamol 1000 mg with or without codeine 60 mg in repeated doses in a randomized and double-blind manner. Intake of the first dose of test medication and its effects were closely supervised, while the two following doses were taken at 3-h intervals after the patient had left the clinic. Pain intensity was measured with the visual analogue scale for 8 h. More pain relief was revealed when codeine 60 mg was added to paracetamol 1000 mg on the following measures of effect: change of pain intensity with time (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney), sum of pain intensities (p=0.019), pain intensity difference (p</=0.05), sum of pain intensity differences (p<0.05), pain reduction index (p<0.05) and global-evaluation score (p=0.006). The study confirms that this dental pain model, when controlled for sufficient and homogeneous baseline pain and patient compliance, does have sufficient upside assay sensitivity to discriminate between paracetamol with and without codeine. Copyright 1998 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Use and application of structural models in dental education research.

The notion of prediction implies causation. Path and structural models explore the causal links rather than mere empirical relationships between variables. This technique involves a breakdown of correlations; it differs from correlation and regression methods in that it provides relevant information in the presence of important but unobserved (latent) explanatory variables and of measurement errors in the data. It also allows for more than one regression analysis simultaneously and affords inference through tests of the model. In this study, latent abilities of dental students were analyzed as causes and professional achievements as effects, with preadmission performances as indicators of latent abilities. A model with three constructs is consistent with the observed data. The results demonstrate that whereas correlation analysis presents limitations in interpretation, structural analysis focuses clearly on the direct impact of the quality of dental school education, rather than preadmission background, on clinical performance and board success as measures of future professional performance.

Aptitude↗
PubMed1983

Three-dimensional analysis for prediction and assessment of mandibular movement in orthognathic surgery in the ramus.

A new method (Three-Dimensional (3-D) Analysis of Mandibular Movement) was developed to evaluate the movement of the mandible during surgery and in postoperative years, in three dimensions. The analysis was done with the aid of preoperative cephalograms and preoperative, predicted and postoperative dental models. The method consisted of measuring the amount and direction of the movements of defined points on the dental models and displaying the movement of other bony landmarks in the cephalometric tracings by coordinate transformation. All the calculations for the coordinate transformation were performed with the aid of a micro-computer. The results of an analysis with the method in two cases indicated that it is quite useful in determining the operative procedure as well as in evaluating the postoperative stability of the mandible, because in addition to the vertical and antero-posterior movement, it enables us to see the lateral movement of the mandible.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1998

An advanced system for the simulation and planning of orthodontic treatment.

This paper presents a new system for three-dimensional (3-D) orthodontic treatment planning and movement of teeth. We describe a computer vision technique for the acquisition and processing of 3-D images of the profile of hydrocolloid dental imprints. Profile measurement is based on the triangulation method which detects deformation of the projection of a laser line on the dental imprints. The system is computer-controlled and designed to achieve depth and lateral resolutions of 0.1 and 0.2 mm, respectively, within a depth range of 40 mm. The 3-D image of the imprint is segmented in order to identify different teeth. Two operators are presented: one for the detection of molars and premolars based on a directional gradient, and one for incisors and canines based on 3-D registration with dental models contained in a database. We apply these 3-D dental models to simulate the 3-D movement of teeth, including rotations, during orthodontic treatment. With this objective, we have developed an original simplified model of arch-wire behaviour and a viscoplastic behaviour law for the alveolar bone in order to simulate teeth displacements during orthodontic treatment. The contribution of the paper is part of a diagnosis system (called MAGALLANES) that is designed to replace manual measurement methods, which use costly plaster models, with computer measurement methods and teeth movement simulation using cheap hydrocolloid dental wafers. This procedure will reduce the cost and acquisition time of orthodontic data and facilitate the conduct of epidemiological studies.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modelling of dental tissues for inlays with profile wax].

A method has been developed for modelling, with profile wax, of absent dental tissues for inlays with the application of one-stage model casting. Close contact is guaranteed by the application of the method--point, free interdental space, exact construction of the "tail" of the inlay in the aproximal sides of the tooth and a possibility of great economization of metal while working out the inlays on highly destructed teeth.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Patient satisfaction with the comprehensive care model of dental care delivery.

In the summer of 1997, the College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, changed its predoctoral clinics from the traditional model to the comprehensive care (CC) model. Although the CC model is considered the better model for delivery of care, from the patient perspective it has not been previously evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the two dental care delivery systems--the traditional model and the CC model--using patient satisfaction. The Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) developed by the Rand Corporation was used to assess patient satisfaction. The questionnaire consists of nineteen items, measuring overall satisfaction and subscales of access, pain management, and quality. The questionnaire was self-administered to active and recall patients in the summers of 1997 and 1998 to evaluate satisfaction with care in the traditional and CC models respectively. The completed DSQ was returned by 119 respondents in 1997 and 116 respondents in 1998. There were no significant differences in age. gender, and self-rated general and oral health of patients using the two delivery systems. No statistically significant differences were seen in the overall Dental Satisfaction Index and the sub-scales of access, pain management, and quality of care. Statistically significant differences were observed on only two of the nineteen individual items. We conclude that there was no difference in satisfaction levels of our patients between the two dental care delivery models.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of flurbiprofen and aspirin in the relief of postsurgical pain using the dental pain model.

This single-dose, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of both 25 and 50 mg of flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn) compared with 650 mg of aspirin and placebo in 164 patients who had undergone dental impaction surgery. Using the highly sensitive dental pain model, flurbiprofen appears to be an effective, peripherally acting analgesic with a rapid onset of activity. In the current study, it was superior to aspirin in terms of peak effect and duration of action. Although flurbiprofen is much more potent than ibuprofen, its side-effect profile did not differ markedly from that of ibuprofen in this single-dose study.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Severity of baseline pain and degree of analgesia in the third molar post-extraction dental pain model.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to determine whether different levels of pain would respond similarly to analgesia. We compared the analgesic response to ibuprofen in subjects with moderate versus severe baseline pain in clinical trials using the third molar post-extraction dental pain model. We performed a pooled raw data analysis of 517 subjects included in the ibuprofen treatment arm of 11 similar studies submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were similar in all studies. All studies used the same metrics and recorded pain at the same times. As expected, the well established analgesic effect of ibuprofen was confirmed. More intense baseline pain was initially associated with a larger decrease and greater fractional decreasing in pain intensity after medication. A larger percentage of those with milder baseline pain obtained relief compared with those with severe baseline pain. Reduction in pain intensity occurred mainly in the first 2 h. At later time points, the association of baseline conditions with a reduction in pain level diminished. We conclude that the intensity of initial pain is not correlated with the need for larger doses of analgesic. IMPLICATIONS: A person taking an analgesic wants to know when and how well it will work. People with moderate pain are more likely to get relief, whereas those with severe pain who get relief will get relatively more relief. Most relief of acute pain occurs within less than 2 h. These data indicate that most people with intense initial pain do not require larger doses of analgesics.

Adult↗