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PubMed1986

[Effect of low temperatures on the viability of Cysticercus bovis].

For investigations under laboratory conditions freezers specially prepared for this aim were used. The material for these investigations were alive Cysticercus bovis recovered from skeletal muscles of a bull infected with 500,000 eggs of Taenia saginata. The viability of C. bovis was determined on the basis of routine laboratory investigations. For investigations under conditions of an industrial cold storage plant 6 cattle carcasses intensively invaded by C. bovis were used, i.e. 5 animals infected under natural conditions and one bull specially infected with 500,000 eggs of T. saginata. The temperatures of cattle carcasses were measured with a thermograph. Every 24 hours sections of muscles were collected, from which C. bovis were recovered and examined on the viability by the above-mentioned method. It was found that at low temperatures the necrobiosis time of C. bovis isolated from skeletal muscles was 15 min. at -35 degrees C and as long as 10 hours at -5 degrees C. However, C. bovis died within 72-96 hours in muscles of cattle carcasses subjected to the activity of the temperatures minus 18-19 degrees C at a relative humidity of 86-90% under conditions of an industrial cold storage plant. From the obtained results the author concluded that the regulations hitherto obligatory in Poland, concerning the treatment of cattle carcasses with C. bovis by means of cooling or freezing, should be amended.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

The ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase activity in the scolex of the cysticercus of Hydatigera taeniaeformis.

Acetylcholinesterase activity in the scolex of the cysticercus of Hydatigera taeniaeformis was studied by means of electron microscopy. Acetylthiocholine iodide was used as the substrate and 10(-4) M of eserine used to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. The sites of activity were visualized within the microtriches of the distal cytoplasm, muscle bundles, cytoplasm, vesiculated bodies, flame cells and hooks of the rostellar region. Enzyme activity was also localized within the nuclear membrane, neuroplasm, and membranes of nerve cells.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMed1983

Fibronectin-like properties in antigen B from the cysticercus of Taenia solium.

The most prominent antigen of the cysticercus of Taenia solium in the serology of human cysticercosis, antigen B, is capable of agglutinating red blood cells of different species, of aligning in vitro cell growth of transformed mouse fibroblasts, and of strongly binding to pig, rat and human collagen. Scatchard analysis of the adsorption isotherms indicates quite avid heterogeneous binding of antigen B to rat collagen (K's = 10(3), 10(5)). These remarkable biological activities of antigen B, resembling those of fibronectins, allow for some speculation concerning its role in the host-parasite relationship (i.e. organizing vicinal host components to improve the parasite's lodging niche; the 'smoke screen' effect for the host's immune response; Clq inhibition), and expand fibronectin-like properties to molecules from Phyla other than vertebrates.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[A case of Cysticercus racemosus in man].

The authors refer a new case of Cysticercus racemosus in man. The description of scolex morphology is given and the name C. racemosus, generally accepted for these larval formae, is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Pathology and neonatal infection of calves with Cysticercus bovis.

It was demonstrated that the tissue reaction around the developing C. bovis in neonatally infected calves (4 days after birth) differs quantitatively and partly also qualitatively from the reaction in calves infected at the age of several months. In neonatal infection, the foci caused by cysticerci were 3-4-times smaller on day 14 p.i., and after 34 days, the cysts were quite transparent and similar to those occurring in older calves not before 42-50 days p.i. The tissue eosinophilia was lacking and the activation of fibroblasts and collagen formation was markedly weak. There was a surprisingly low number of cells of lymphoid type. The growth of the cysticercus and its morphological differentiation was only insignificantly more rapid. The serological tests (IHA, MPA, IFR) repeated four times (10-34 days p.i.). were negative in one calf, whereas in the other one, slaughtered on day 14 p.i., positive results were obtained only in IFR (1:40).

Aging↗

PubMed1980

[Pathomorphologic and ultrastructural characteristics of endocardial Cysticercus cellulosae].

A case is presented of a solitary endocardial cysticercus of cellulose discovered at a biopsy in the left auricula of the heart, got by a 36-year old patient at the operation who had a mitral and aortal defect caused by a reumatic endocarditis. The cisticercus is implanted on the surface of an intact endothelium and the fibroelastic structure of the superficial part of the endocardium is preserved. Inflammation of the endocardium and the myocardium is presented by a perivascular infiltrates eosinophile granulocytes, plasms cells and lymphocytes, suggesting an allergic nature of inflammation. In histological preparates stained by selective methods of fungus according to Gridley and Crocott on the wall of the membrane of the cyst polymorphal Yeast-like elements are discovered at a size of 2-12 mil. mic. which ultrastructurally show degenerative forms of membranous structures suspected as immature primitive proglotids. In this paper, the objective difficulties are pointed out at the microscopic diagnosis of the cisticercus in the pathological material.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Intraspinal manifestation of cysticercosis--Cysticercus racemosus. A case report and review of the literature].

Neurocysticercosis is one of the most common, world-wide parasitic diseases of the central nervous system. On the basis of a case report and a review of the literature, the present paper describes the rare course of an intraspinal cysticercus racemosus infection. In conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography it is necessary to consider conventional myelography occupies an important position in the diagnosis of spinal manifestations of cysticercosis, cross-reactions, especially with Echinococcus antigens, by means of serological tests. In addition to the desirable surgical removal of the cysts, drug therapy with praziquantel and albendazole may be employed. Albendazole has recently been authorized for use in Germany.

Albendazole↗

PubMed1993

[Comparative study on antigens of Cysticercus cellulosae by ELIB and ELISA].

Urea-soluble antigens (Ag-u) and water-soluble antigens (Ag-w) of Cysticercus cellulosae were studied by using ELIB and ELISA, respectively. The results showed that using Ag-u and Ag-w, 9 and 14 bands of polypeptides could be recognized by sera from cysticercosis patients; 4 and 10 bands could be recognized by sera from hydatidosis patients; whereas 4 and 8 bands could be recognized by sera from clornochiasis patients. Using ELISA at serum dilutions of 1:400, the positive rate of sera against Ag-u and Ag-w was 96.6% and 86.6%, respectively in 60 cysticercosis patients; 16.6% and 46.6% respectively in 30 hydatidosis patients and negative in 24 clornorchiasis patients and 50 normal healthy persons, indicating that both Ag-u and Ag-w share common antigen components causing cross reaction with the sera from hydatidosis and clonorchiasis patients. However, such components were fewer in Ag-u than in Ag-w. In view of the fact that Ag-u is superior to Ag-w in both sensitivity and specificity, Ag-u might be better used for the diagnosis of cysticercosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[Developmental stages of Taenia krabbei Moniez, 1879 (Cysticercus tarandi) in deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Czechoslovakia].

The breast and shoulder-blade muscles of a roe (Caprelous capreolus L.), shot in a hunting district in western Bohemia, were found to contain cysticerci with morphological characters and size corresponding to those of Cysticercus tarandi, which is a developmental stage of the tapeworm Taenia krabbei Moniez, 1879. The surface as well as deeper layers of muscle contained one to two cysticerci per 100 cm2 of area. The authors describe the larvocysts and histological changes in the site where the micro-organisms were found. The cysticerci are discussed as to the species to which they belong.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Taenia crassiceps: regional variations in ultrastructure and evidence of endocytosis in the cysticercus' tegument.

Regional variations in the thickness of the tegument, in the morphology of microtriches and mitochondria, in the distribution of dense bodies, smooth micropinocytotic vesicles (SMVs), and coated micropinocytotic vesicles (CMVs) have been shown for the cysticercus of Taenia crassiceps. The number of SMVs and CMVs present in the syncytial layer are in inverse proportion to each other, the former being more numerous in the bladder wall and upper part of the invagination canal and the latter in the lower part of the canal and the rostellar region. Tegumental cells contain numerous granular endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complexes involved in the synthesis of both primary lysosomes and dense bodies. Vesicles characteristic of various stages of heterolysosomes are present and show regional variations in numbers and size. Acid phosphatase activity (EC 3.1.3.2) is present on the tegumental surface, and within the Golgi complex, primary lysosomes, and heterophagosomes of the tegumental cells. CMVs are reported for the first time in the tegument of any helminth and have characteristics similar to CMVs in other tissues. T. crassiceps, therefore, because of the presence of both SMVs and CMVs, is a unique model system for the study of basic mechanisms of endocytosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Cysticercus racemosus in an eosinophilic phlegmon in the brain.

Cysticercus racemosus in a tumour-like mass from the brain of a 30-year-old Canadian was identified by histological and specific immunofluorescent techniques. The patient possibly acquired the infection during her stay in India. She had a mild peripheral eosinophilia and complained of pounding headaches and convulsions. Examination of tissue sections revealed the larva enclosed in an eosinophilic phlegmon and the surrounding brain tissue infiltrated by histiocytes and eosinophils. Loss of microtriches and degenerative changes in the larva were apparent in areas with adherent eosinophils. With the appropriate reagents, both intracellular and interstitial specific immune complexes were detected in the biopsied tissue. The course of infection in the cystic and racemosus types of cysticercosis and the role of tissue eosinophilia in neurocysticercosis have been discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

The pathology of Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in goats.

The pathology of Cysticercus tenuicollis in goats was studied on Days 7, 15, 30 and 60 post-infection. The characteristic gross lesions on the 15th day of infection included accumulation of a large quantity of serofibrinous fluid in the peritoneal and thoracic cavities and a large number of small-sized cysts floating in the fluid of the peritoneal cavity. Large circular brown to red areas with alternate areas of haemorrhages also appeared on the liver surface and in the parenchyma due to migrating C. tenuicollis. The microscopic lesions in the liver included cyst-like channels with a mass of fibrin and erythrocytes. Hepatic cells were mostly degenerated with focal areas of parenchymal destruction. Sinusoids were dilated and the bile ducts revealed degenerative changes. Lungs of animals killed on Day 15, revealed focal areas of emphysema and haemorrhages with lodged larvae of C. tenuicollis. Pleura appeared oedematous. Alveoli showed the presence of serous exudate.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Molecular determination of the origin of acephalic cysticercus.

Acephalic cysticercus (Ac), a rarely developed multilobulated and nonencysted form of larval Taenia, causes hydrocephalus or adhesive arachnoiditis in the ventricles and subarachnoidal space that often lead to fatal outcome in affected patients. Ac has been proposed to originate from T. solium on the basis of morphological features, while no molecular data supporting the presumption have been available. In the present study, we investigated the immunological properties as well as molecular characteristics of Ac that was obtained surgically from 6 patients. Immunoblotting of the cyst fluid from Ac samples demonstrated the constitutive expression of a T. solium metacestode (TsM) 10 kDa protein. Specific antibodies against the truncated 10 kDa protein, which appears to be species specific for TsM cysticercosis, were detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples of Ac patients. Nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes of Ac were almost identical to those of T. solium but differed substantially from those of the other Taenia species. In phylogenetic analysis, Ac clustered with T. solium in a well-supported clade. Our results strongly suggest that Ac may have originated from T. solium.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2003

Solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma.

Solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma (SCCG) is one of the commonest causes of seizures in Indian patients. SCCG has been confused in the past with tuberculomas, but by applying a set of diagnostic criteria proposed by the author, they can be diagnosed accurately in the vast majority of patients. Patients with SCCG are managed effectively with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The role of cysticidal drugs in their management is controversial. SCCG resolves spontaneously at a variable rate and has a good seizure outcome, with >90% of patients remaining seizure free after discontinuation of AEDs.

Epilepsy↗

PubMed1990

Depressive effect of a Taenia solium cysticercus factor on cultured human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin.

Cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium is associated with immunodepression of T and B lymphocytes. In order to ascertain if this parasite affects lymphocyte activity, a factor isolated from the parasite was tested on (3H) thymidine uptake by cultured human lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. This dialysable factor had a molecular weight of less than 3500 Da, and was isolated from an extract of Cysticercus cellulosae. It decreased phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated uptake of (3H) thymidine. After the material was treated with RNase 'A', the suppressive activity was destroyed. It thus appears that the factor could correspond to an RNA fraction.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Distribution of Cysticercus bovis in lightly infected young cattle.

Sixty-seven young cattle grazed on a sewage farm since birth were slaughtered and the carcases finely dissected in search of Cysticercus bovis. Forty-seven (70%) were infected, but only 49% of infected cattle had cysts in tissues considered to be sites of predilection and only 19.8% of all cysts found were located in these sites. Most of the remaining cysts were distributed randomly throughout the masculature.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Validation of diagnostic criteria for solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma in patients presenting with seizures.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a set of clinical and computed tomographic (CT) criteria (previously described by us) to predict the diagnosis of a solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma (SCCG) at initial presentation, in patients presenting with seizures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The diagnostic criteria were applied prospectively to patients presenting with seizures and solitary lesion on the CT scan. The clinical diagnostic criteria were as follows: seizures should be the presenting complaint; there should be no evidence of persistent raised intracranial pressure, progressive neurological deficit or an active systemic disease. The CT diagnostic criteria were: evidence of a solitary contrast enhancing lesion measuring 20 mm or less in its maximal dimension without a shift of the midline structures due to the surrounding oedema. A diagnosis of SCCG was made only when all the clinical and CT criteria were fulfilled. Over a period of 36 months, we managed 401 patients presenting with seizures and a solitary mass on the CT scan; 215 met the criteria for the diagnosis of an SCCG. RESULTS: Of the 215 patients initially diagnosed to have an SCCG, 197 were ultimately determined to have that diagnosis (true positive diagnosis) while 16 were excluded because of lack of follow-up CT assessment. Two of the 215 patients with the initial diagnosis of an SCCG subsequently had histological diagnosis of a secondary metastasis and a pyogenic abscess (false positive diagnosis). Our set of diagnostic criteria for SCCG had a sensitivity of 99.5%; specificity of 98.9%; a positive predictive value of 99%; and a negative predictive value of 99.5%. The likelihood ratios for the positive and negative tests were 92.99 and 0.005 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our diagnostic criteria help in not only accurately identifying an SCCG but also in differentiating it from a solitary tuberculoma and other brain masses. However, confirmation of the diagnosis of an SCCG is only obtained at follow-up evaluation and therefore careful clinical and CT re-evaluation is essential in all patients initially diagnosed to have an SCCG.

Albendazole↗

PubMed1976

Incidence of Cysticercus ovis in sheep and lambs at Albany, Western Australia.

A record was made of the prevalence of Cysticercus ovis in sheep and lambs killed at Albany, Waroona and Geraldton from 1970 until 1973. Detailed dissection of 292 carcases which had passed routine inspection revealed C. ovis in 60 (20.5%). A record of all C. ovis cysts found during routine boning of 102,262 carcases which passed normal inspection showed 10.4 cysts per 100 carcases, and in 6,863 carcases rejected for export because of the presence of C. ovis an average of 24.0 cysts per 100 carcases. An attempt was made to relate the incidence of carcases infected with C. ovis in a line of sheep with the incidence of undetected cysts in carcases from that line which had passed routine inspection. No relationship was established. The relative incidence of C. ovis and C. tenuicollis was recorded in 57,426 sheep to show C. ovis in 2,312 (4.0%) and C. tenuicollis in 15,123 (26.3%). Only 21 (0.1%) sheep in 26,774 were found with hydatid cysts. In 3,823 lambs from 40 farms 486 lambs from 6 farms did not show either C. ovis or C. tenuicollis and lambs from 9 farms did not show tenuicollis and lambs from 25 farms did not show C. ovis. In 604 C. ovis cysts from the hearts and diaphragms of lambs, 36 (6.0%) were considered to be alive.

Abattoirs↗