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PubMed1994

[Countertransference problems with suicidal patients in inpatient psychiatric treatment].

Transference is an effective protection against suicidal impulses of psychiatric patients. However, suicidal patient's highly ambivalent attempts at establishing a relationship with the therapist lead to significant transference and countertransference problems. During the course of therapy the therapist often is used as a selfobject, an experience that alters the narcissistic equilibrium. Suicidal patients create a selfobject transference by means of attacks on the therapist similar to those they themselves had experienced in their childhoods. The hidden attacks are very troublesome to the therapist's own feeling of selfworth and his state of self may be changed in the sense of a selfobject countertransference.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Referral patterns of dentists: transference-countertransference.

The doctor-patient, doctor-doctor dental relationships are discussed from the viewpoint of transference-countertransference psychodynamics. The dental referral process is a triad of patient, general practitioner and specialist and, in many ways, is dependent upon Freud's concept of transference-countertransference. The unconscious distortions of this process may affect the patient's treatment as well as the interpersonal and intraprofessional relationships.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1993

Transference-countertransference implications in Freud's patient's recall of Weber's der Freischütz.

Based on findings in my previous work, biographical data have been linked with material presented by Freud on the interpretation of songs. His patient's parapraxis of her evocation of Agathe's aria in Act II of Weber's Der Freischütz was interpreted and discussed as reflecting the here-and-now in the session, expanding the classical interpretation of transference-countertransference data. The material suggested that both members of the therapeutic dyad were experiencing positive transference-countertransference states and that treatment was on the verge of an impasse at that moment.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Understanding countertransference reactions in working with adolescent perpetrators of sexual abuse.

Recognizing countertransference reactions in working with adolescent perpetrators of sexual abuse is essential in order to provide optimal treatment. The author examines the broad societal reaction to these patients' acts as well as individual therapists' personal reactions to the material and transferences presented by the teenagers. Therapists' awareness of their reactions can help them understand the internal world of the patient and avoid destructive acting out of countertransference reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Transference and countertransference in the analysis of a child with autistic nuclei.

The author stresses the importance of using the countertransference when working with autistic and borderline children, in whom severe disorders of cognitive and emotional development have not permitted the establishment of an internal three-dimensional space whereby emotions can be contained, meaning can be assigned to those emotions and symbols can be formed. She argues that the transference will arise gradually in response to the analyst's countertransference. Great importance is attached to the setting in both its material and psychic aspects, the stability of the former being essential because of the patient's two-dimensional mode of functioning, in which he lacks any representation of space and time. After a review of the theoretical background to the treatment of autistic children with particular reference to the work of Houzel and Tustin and a brief discussion of general aspects of the transference in the light of the views of Freud, Klein and Bion, the author turns to the clinical material proper, presenting vignettes from a number of sessions in the analysis of an autistic boy. These show how she utilises her own emotions, sensations and associations to gain information about the patient's state and, by assigning meaning to these manifestations and communicating it to him, to impart motion to his frozen internal world. The author reports that, after several years of analysis, the patient has introjected a stable object that will lead to healthier development and a sense of security.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1977

Countertransference.

Countertransference can be used as an instrument in understanding the patient's projective identification. An analogy for the patient/therapist interaction is found in Bion's model of the infant's communicating by projection to the breast and the mother as containing and modifying such projections. The particular countertransference problems created by patients who have been objects of massive parental projections are examined. In such cases the patient's projections induce in the analyst diverse experience of past helplessness in relation to projections.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1997

[Countertransference in schizoid disorders].

Twelve experienced psychoanalysts diagnosed during a depth-psychological examination of 604 patients, coming from two different outpatient institutions, distinct clinical schizoid personality traits of 65 patients (10.7%). A further analysis researched the contribution to patient and therapist bindings and influences on the diagnosis. With the aid of a step by step regressions analysis including "solid" patient and therapist data as well as countertransference reactions of the investigator, we were able to establish an accurate diagnostical model, which enables a correct assignment with the probability of 90%. The most important diagnostic criterion proved to be the countertransference of the investigators. This demonstrates that affective processes from the therapist side-should be assessed as a potent criterion that distinctively increases the validity of the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The vision in supervision: transference-countertransference dynamics and disclosure in the supervision relationship.

The centrality of the supervision experience in the development of the supervisee's personal and professional capacities is addressed. The supervision relationship and process are explored in light of the potential effects of transference-countertransference configurations of supervisor and supervisee. Parallels between supervision and treatment are highlighted. The importance of developing and utilizing the capacity for reflectivity is reviewed, as is the impact of supervisee nondisclosure to supervisor. The direct use of countertransference experiences in the context of supervision is explored, and the centrality of self-disclosure is highlighted. It is recommended that supervisor and supervisee remain receptive to exploring these experiences in the service of developing a shared subjective sense of the patient, of increasing the supervisee's capacity to treat his or her patient, and of providing the supervisee with a novel, growth-enhancing relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The complexities and pitfalls of working with the countertransference.

The author attempts to demonstrate that the usual manner of reporting countertransference experiences does not do justice to the complexity of these phenomena. Clinical illustrations are used to show that the data of countertransferences are partial, often difficult to use immediately in analyses, sometimes ambiguous, and hard to validate. The fate of persistent conflictual residues within each analyst is discussed in the context of the life cycle of psychoanalytic work.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1995

[Reflections on transference, countertransference, session frequency and the analytic process].

It is suggested that there is a special correlation between the frequency of sessions in psychoanalytical treatment and the nature of the transferences which evolve and, at the same time, of the countertransference responses elicited in the therapist. This in turn has a crucial bearing on the characteristics of the psychoanalytical process which develops in the course of treatment. These interrelationships are explored with special reference to the treatment of children and adolescents. The author draws upon his experiences with high and low frequency treatments to make comparative assessments. On the basis of clinical examples from both analyses and psychotherapies, the effects of these various settings on the development and intensification of the transference are explored. Similarly, the repercussions on the countertransference are discussed. It is suggested that the density, i.e. the temporal proximity of sessions, provides the optimal conditions for the unfolding of the analytical material, the proliferation of fantasies and the emergence of transference derivatives. As for the therapist this setting provides the space that is necessary to gain the most thorough understanding of the patient's inner world, in particular his or her unconscious. Finally, the nature of the psychoanalytical process is discussed as well as the effects which different settings have on the development and quality of this process. It is suggested that different processes evolve in high frequency as against low frequency settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Sex-role related countertransference in psychotherapy.

Data from one psychological and one psychiatric agency were collected to determine if psychotherapists' treatment decisions about opposite-sex persons might be influenced by sex-role prescriptions for dealing with sexual impulses. Accordingly, male therapists were hypothesized to prolong and female therapists to avoid treatment situations likely to arouse their sexual curiosities. The results at both facilities provide some support for these notions and, if generalizable, establish sex-role primed countertransference as a factor in patient selection and termination.

Counseling↗
PubMed2001

Erotic overstimulation and the co-construction of sexual meanings in transference-countertransference experience.

This paper attempts to explore the ways in which Western child-rearing practices do not provide an early interpersonal experience in which infantile, sexual, or sensual-erotic experience is held, contained, and given meaning within a safe parent-child dyad. It is the author's basic premise that this normative developmental process fosters a dissociation of unformulated aspects of early sexual and sensual-erotic experience, leaving much of the experience ensconced in unsymbolized and therefore relatively inchoate image, sensation, and affect. The impact of such a dissociation on the patient-analyst relationship is explored, specifically at times when sexual or erotic material begins to impact upon transference-countertransference processes. An extended clinical example is provided.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

On psychotic transference and countertransference.

Following a brief discussion of the primary types of psychotic transferences, viewed from a theoretical position combining ego psychology with an object relations approach, the author presents detailed clinical material illustrating these transferences. The analyst's countertransference in work with such patients is also discussed in depth, including its use as a unique window into the patient's inner world.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Identifying the faces in the mirror: untangling transference and countertransference in self psychology.

Experienced psychotherapists realize that there are many levels of meaning behind much that is said during the therapeutic hour. The challenge for the competent professional is to become wise enough to learn what to ignore and sensitive enough to know what to emphasize. Sorting this out is at the heart of the practice of good psychotherapy. In this article, we will briefly share our thoughts on this rich but complicated interpersonal interaction using Kohutian self psychology theory to understand the role of countertransference in the process of conducting psychotherapy.

Countertransference↗
PubMed2001

Feelings in context: countertransference and the real world in feminist therapy.

The concept of countertransference has been seen as problematic by feminist therapists. However, feminist therapy theory is intensely interested in the symbolic levels of the relationships between therapists and clients, with an emphasis on how the here and now social context informs and transforms those symbols. This article describes a feminist perspective on the therapist's symbolic relationships to clients, and the positive and challenging ramifications of those symbolic encounters.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

An experiential alternative to countertransference.

In an experiential alternative, the therapist and the client attend mainly to a "third thing" throughout the session instead of to one another. A case is presented in which the experiential alternative can offer some new, and perhaps interesting, uses of the therapist's personal reactions in comparison with the uses of countertransference and personal reactions of the therapist when therapist and client attend mainly to one another throughout the session. These new uses are presented and illustrated.

Attention↗
PubMed2001

Clinical implications of research on countertransference: science informing practice.

This article presents a clinically oriented synthesis of research findings pertaining to countertransference (CT). Findings are organized around five therapy-relevant questions concerning the origins, triggers, manifestations, management, and effects of CT. To date, research has focused primarily on impediments posed by therapists' CT reactions and mechanisms for managing them. It is argued that future research needs to be directed toward better understanding how therapists can use CT to enhance their work with clients.

Cognition↗
PubMed2001

Therapist countertransference: in search of common themes and empirical referents.

Throughout this issue on countertransference (CT) and elsewhere, the multiple terms used to describe CT events provide rich conceptual diversity, but also result in theoretical isolation and clinical compartmentalization. Our study and understanding of CT would benefit remarkably if we could agree on empirical-therapist features that any CT conceptualization must target. Subsequent discussions of CT then could specify which of the respective empirical features are being addressed. Accordingly, I offer a descriptive framework that asserts that CT and its hypothesized subtypes (e.g., subjective and objective) can be detected empirically whenever a therapist's experiences and actions with a particular client assume one of several definable "deviations from baseline." If, in our clinical or research pursuits, we are to understand CT, we have to take the time to assess the necessary behavioral baselines for therapists and their clients.

Communication↗