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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Factors important in arterial narrowing.

BACKGROUND: Vascular narrowing in hypertension presents conflicting hypotheses about structural narrowing, vasconstriction, volume expansion, contractile function and other issues more obvious to the physiologist than the cell biologist. Even the cell biology in the injured large arteries used to study atherosclerosis is surprisingly complex. The key issue is that changes in mass, here mainly intimal mass or atherosclerotic plaque, correlate poorly with loss of lumen caliber. An analogy to remodeling of microvessels begs the issue of mechanism. RECENT STUDIES: To explore this, we have focused on two issues: cell death and intramural coagulation. It is likely that cell death, along with tissue factor, promotes coagulation and, in previously injured vessels, fibrin forms in the wall after a repeat injury. In vitro, fibrin promotes smooth muscle gel contraction mediated by an as yet unidentified beta 1 integrin. In vivo, inhibition of coagulation not only prevents vascular narrowing after a reinjury, but may even result in dilation. HYPOTHESIS: We suggest that injury responses, that is, classical wound contracture mechanisms, can be explained as potential pathways for pathologic vascular remodeling.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The effects of arterial stenosis on red cells.

It is reasonable to conjecture that the fluid dynamic and biochemical environment near an arterial stenosis may have an effect on red blood cells which pass through that vicinity. However, little information exists in the literature that directly links stenosis with hemolysis. As a consequence, this brief review discusses a number of potential mechanisms by which stenosis could lead to erythrocyte damage or could be indirectly correlated to it. These are divided into (a) fluid mechanical effects which can directly damage cells, (b) complications of stenosis which affect the cells or the cells' environment and lead indirectly to damage, and (c) pathological factors which are associated with both hemolysis and atherosclerosis and hence may increase both independently.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1988

Coronary arteriography in dogs following blunt cardiac trauma: a longitudinal assessment.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of blunt cardiac trauma on the epicardial coronary arteries of dogs by using sequential coronary arteriographic studies. A direct impact to the anterior surface of the heart at a velocity of 12 m/sec was delivered by an air pressurized impactor in eight of ten dogs with the chest open and the pericardium intact. Selective coronary arteriograms were performed percutaneously with the chest closed starting just before trauma and repeated afterward at intervals of 3 hours, 3 days, 2 weeks, and 5 weeks. Two of ten dogs were sham operated and did not undergo impact to the heart. The coronary arteries in these two dogs remained angiographically normal throughout the study period. In dogs that underwent impact and were maintained for the entire duration of the study (seven of eight dogs), injury to the epicardial coronary arteries occurred in every instance. Injury was limited mostly to branches of the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries. The left circumflex coronary artery, which was posterior to the site of impact, was always spared. The types of injury included complete branch occlusion, partial coronary obstruction, extravasation, and in one instance, an arteriovenous fistula. In nearly all instances, these injuries became evident angiographically between 3 hours and 3 days after impact and usually were completely resolved after 2 to 5 weeks. These observations indicate that the epicardial coronary arteries may be compromised by nonpenetrating cardiac impact. The resulting coronary pathology, however, resolved within a few weeks after injury.

Angiography↗
PubMed1987

Acquired infundibular stenosis.

Acquired infundibular stenosis is an unusual complication resulting in pancalyceal obstruction. We have cared for 6 patients with acquired infundibular stenosis not associated with tuberculosis. All patients had urinary diversion with ileal conduits for a minimum of eleven years and documented ileal-ureteral reflux and chronic urinary tract infections. The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics of this syndrome are described and therapeutic guidelines suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Development and applications of 4-D ultrasound (dynamic 3-D) in neurosonology.

The development and application of color-coded data in three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction or four-dimensional (4-D) imaging (equal to dynamic 3-D) are demonstrated. In 4-D imaging, electrocardiography-triggered data acquisition of consecutive phases during the heart cycle are stored to form a multiphase 3-D data set. The option of color-coded data gives a new insight into such hemodynamic information. In the past, 3-D reconstructions were simple unicolor images, as in power mode, and the color-coded hemodynamic information was lost. These new options are presented here, along with color-coded data in examples of angiographically controlled pathologic results in extracranial and intracranial vessels.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The role of the epididymis in human infertility.

This review describes the role of the epididymis in human infertility, by analysing the results of epididymovasostomies which confirm that the more distal the site of obstruction the greater the chance of fertility. The use of epididymal spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization (IVF) yielded poor results in contrast to intracytoplasmic sperm injection using either epididymal or testicular spermatozoa. The nature of the pathology causing obstructive azoospermia is examined reviewing in particular the possible role of mercury toxicity in Young's syndrome. This review describes the results of studies that show that the level of obstruction within the epididymis is correlated with the presence of sperm antibodies and distal obstructions are associated with the presence of sperm antibodies. The demonstration that necrozoospermia decreases with increased sperm transport through the epididymis, when combined with the observation of normal testicular sperm morphology, represents the basis for the disorder termed epididymal necrozoospermia. However, to date the nature of the epididymal pathology causing this disorder remains obscure.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1980

[Pyelonephritis in various types of obstructive uropathies in children].

Kidney biopsies were examined in 73 children with some forms of obstructive uropathies: vesico-renal reflux and obstructive megaurether. In 59 patients (80%), chronic pyelonephritis was detected. The predominant morphological form of chronic pyelonephritis in patients with obstructive uropathies is a mixed form with a combination of tubulo-stromal-vascular changes. In most patients chronic pyelonephritis was extensive up to the development of nephrosclerosis, in 22% it developed against the background of renal dysplasia. The nature and intensity of pyelonephritis was shown to depend on the severity of congenital pathology of the urinary tracts and the age of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Chronic pancreatitis and its treatment in diseases of terminal segment of the common bile duct].

Clinical observations embrace 77 cases of chronic pancreatitis combined with various pathologic changes of the choledochal terminal portion. The surgical correction of these changes was carried out upon 73 cases. The follow-up lasting from 2 to 6 years has shown the manifestation of chronic pancreatitis either disappear or subside dramatically in the most cases following the surgical correction of the pathologic changes in the choledochal terminal portion.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1991

[Value of magnetic resonance imaging in 2 cases of annular constriction of the ventricles].

Chronic pericarditis can take the form of localised annular bands constricting the atrioventricular grooves, the pulmonary infundibulum and, rarely, the atria. The authors report two cases of pericardial bands surrounding the ventricles and involving the atrioventricular groove resulting in a biloculation of the left ventricle. One case was complicated by adiastole and one by mitral regurgitation due to involvement of the posterior mitral leaflet. Magnetic resonance imaging gave precise definition of these bands and of their extension into the myocardium. This investigation was a valuable complement before surgery of the localised constriction.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1976

Paraesophageal hiatus hernia in the aged.

A review of the records of Granada Hills Hospital revealed 4 documented cases of paraesophageal hiatus hernia. One of these geriatric patients presented with incarceration of the gastric fundus, and required an emergency thoracotomy for relief. Paraesophageal hiatus hernia, unlike sliding hiatal hernia, often gives rise to acute surgical problems secondary to incarceration, obstruction, gangrene, perforation or hemorrhage. The approach to the repair operation, may be either abdominal or thoracic, dependent upon the need to correct other associated gastrointestinal pathologic lesions. Unless severe debilitating medical diseases are present, operative intervention is recommended.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iliac arteries injury secondary to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a case report.

The authors report a case of a 40-year-old woman who developed claudication of the right limb 3 months after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) owing to a pyelic calculus. Patient had no previous vascular disease. Arteriography revealed a 12-cm-long 80% stenosis of the right common, external, and internal iliac arteries; the rest of the arterial tree had no detectable pathology. Arterial complications related to ESWL have been reported before in patients with aortic aneurysms or very intense calcifications. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of ESWL-induced injury in a patient without previous arterial pathology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endoscopic dilatation of benign colon and rectum stenosis].

AIM: To determine the usefulness of endoscopic dilatation in dealing with benign stenosis of the anus, rectum and colon. PATIENTS AND METHODS USED: Thirty six (36) patients with stenosis, anus (8), rectum (22) and colon (6) were given endoscopic treatment using hydroneumatic balloons, electro incision (radiated cuts) or a combination of both. Rigid equipment (metal) was used for distal stenosis. Age ranged between 30 and 82 years. Twelve (12) patients were male and 24 female. The diameter of the stenosis was less than 13 mm in 18 of the patients and 11 patients carried colostomy. RESULTS: All 36 patients were subjected to a total of 113 dilatation sessions. The average number of sessions per patient for patients with anal stenosis was 2.5 and for patients with colorectal stenosis, 3.32. One patient with rectal stenosis required 21 sessions to achieve final objective. The result achieved was good in 31 patients, less than satisfactory in 3 patients and bad in one patient, who presented a stenosis which was over 5 cm long. We lost track of a patient in the follow up stage. Success in closing the colostomy was achieved in 9 patients, while one presented a complication due to the procedure (cervical emphysema) which remitted with medical attention. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic dilatation offers, through its different techniques, a safe and efficient method for the treatment of benign stenosis of the anus, rectum and colon and must be considered as a first class tool for the treatment of this kind of pathologies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The embolic type of popliteal entrapment syndrome.

The authors describe their experience with two patients who presented with clinical extremes of popliteal entrapment syndrome. One patient presented with acute ischemia and the second patient presented with a chronic Buergerian-like syndrome. The common denominator for both of them was embolic phenomena originating at the site of entrapment. Discussion is centered on pathogenesis of the embolic phenomenon, prevalence of distal arterial degradation and its clinical manifestation. The clue for differentiation from true Buerger disease is the angiographic pattern demonstrating apparently healthy distal arterial segments, confirmed by mandatory arterial biopsy. It is emphasized that in cases having acute embolic presentation the primary pathology should be treated concomitantly to revascularization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Mechanical obstruction of the juncture between the eustachian tube and pharynx. Pathogenesis of ear diseases in cleft palate].

The universality of middle ear diseases in infants with cleft lip and palate is well known. Middle ear disease is causally related to an eustachian tube dysfunction due to anatomical variations of the tubal lumen or muscles. Endoscopy of the nasopharynx, microscopic examination and impedance measurement of the ear was performed in 53 children with cleft lip, alveolus and palate. Dynamic and static documentation was performed with a videocamera or a reflex camera. The pharyngeal port of the eustachian tube was mechanically obstructed by the lateral part of the cleft palate muscle in nearly all patients. The degree of the mechanical obstruction seemed to be related to the extent of the cleft. Furthermore there were less pathologic ear findings in patients with less obstructed pharyngeal ports of the eustachian tube.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Thalamic dementia. Expansive lacunae of the thalamo-paramedian mesencephalic area. Hydrocephalus caused by stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius].

The case reported here is that of a woman, without any significant pathological antecedent. At age 54, she developed signs of thalamic dementia and died 5 years later. The prominent symptoms were massive anterograde amnesia, apathia, apragmatism, ataxia and a frontal syndrome. She never showed aphasia, apraxia, agnosia or disorders of ocular motility. The C. T. Scan showed lacunar low densities in the mesencephalon and both thalami, mainly on the left side, as well as hydrocephalus caused by a stenosis of the aqueduct as shown by other neuroradiological procedures. The neuropathological examination showed space-occupying lacunae, bulging in the third ventricle, squeezing the aqueduct and protruding into the fourth ventricle. These lacunae were situated in the territory of the paramedian mesencephalo-thalamic arterial pedicle. They were perivascular spaces distensions, probably caused by disorder of the permeability of the arterial wall. This hypothesis is supported by the presence of severe lesions of segmental necrotizing angeitis on a paramedian mesencephalic artery. The etiology of this angeitis is unknown. As far as we know, such neuropathological lesions have never been reported previously. Therefore the pathology and etiopathogeny of cerebral lacunae should be reconsidered.

Arteries↗