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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Beta-adrenergic receptors in corpora lutea from different stages of the estrous cycle in conscious and slaughtered cattle.

The overall objective of this study was to determine the pattern of beta-adrenergic receptors in bovine luteal membranes obtained from slaughtered and from conscious cattle on different days of the estrous cycle. Two approaches were used with respect to the CL collection. In the first approach, CL (n = 20) were obtained from animals slaughtered in a local abattoir. The day of the estrous cycle was estimated based on the morphology of luteal tissue and follicles present. Using 3H-dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA) as a ligand, we were unable to find specific binding in any of the tissues examined. Therefore, for the second approach we decided to collect CL from mature heifers or cows under local anesthesia on Days 4 (n = 15), 8 (n = 7), 12 (n = 6), and 16 (n = 3) of the estrous cycle by means of colpotomy or by lumbar incision. This procedure was chosen to reduce the influence of stress factors before CL collection. In these samples, specific beta-adrenergic binding sites were found and they varied during the estrous cycle. Maximal binding (Bmax; fmol/mg of protein) was highest on Day 4 (178.3 +/- 15.2); it then decreased significantly (73.2 +/- 14.7, 40.1 +/- 5.5, 10.8 +/- 0.8) on Days 8, 12, and 16, respectively. The dissociation constant (Kd; nM), which followed the same pattern, was 52.0 +/- 14.4, 16.3 +/- 3.9, 14.9 +/- 3.2, and 7.6 +/- 4.0) on the same days, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Insulin-like growth factor system in bovine first-wave dominant and subordinate follicles.

Estradiol (E2)-active (Day 5 [D5]), transitional E2-active (D8), atretic (D12 - 1), and E2-sustained dominant follicles (DF, D12 + 1) and associated subordinate follicles (SF) were obtained through use of an experimental model described here. The ovary bearing the DF was surgically removed by colpotomy, and individual follicles were utilized to study changes in concentrations of insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and -II (IGF-II) and changes in amounts and proportions of the different IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) present in follicular fluid (FF). The ratio of FF E2 to progesterone (EPR) was utilized to classify follicles into E2 active (EPR > 1) and E2 inactive (EPR < 1). The IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations in FF were similar among experimental groups and between DF and SF. Six different molecular mass bands (49, 43, 35, 30, 28, and 22 kDa) were detected by ligand blot in FF of DF and SF. Immunoprecipitation analysis identified four IGFBPs (-2, -3, -4, and -5) in FF. The 35-kDa band corresponded to IGFBP-2, the 49- and 43-kDa bands to IGFBP-3, the 28- and 22-kDa bands to IGFBP-4, and the 30-kDa band to IGFBP-5. No IGFBP-6 was found by immunoprecipitation. Absolute amounts and proportions of low molecular mass IGFBPs (-2, -4, and -5) were increased with atresia of the DF and in SF compared to E2-active DF. Conversely, although absolute amounts of IGFBP-3 remained unchanged, their proportion in FF decreased in SF compared to DF. The ratio of IGF-I to IGFBPs decreased with atresia of the DF, possibly leaving less bioavailable IGF-I to increase FSH action at the level of the follicle.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Follicular 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cytochromes P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase and aromatase messenger ribonucleic acids in cattle undergoing superovulation.

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that there is altered abundance of transcripts of genes coding for the enzymes cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P450(17 alpha)), cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) in follicles of cattle hyperstimulated with eCG compared to FSH. Treatments were initiated on Day 10 of the cycle, and all cows received prostaglandin (PG) on Day 12. In experiment 1, blood samples were taken to determine plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations during ovarian stimulation. In experiment 2, both ovaries were removed from stimulated cows by colpotomy before (n = 4 cows/treatment) and at 12 (n = 3/treatment) and 24 h (n = 3/treatment) after PG injection, and from nonstimulated controls (n = 4) 72 h after PG. The preovulatory follicle from nonstimulated heifers, and all follicles greater than 3 mm in diameter from superovulated heifers, were isolated and classified as small (3-5 mm), medium (6-9 mm), or large (> 9 mm). Steady-state levels of RNA for 3 beta-HSD, P450(17 alpha), and P450arom genes were determined by Northern analysis in the individual follicles. In experiment 1, stimulation with eCG significantly (p < 0.01) increased plasma progesterone concentrations compared to FSH-stimulated and nonstimulated controls, and increased (p < 0.05) plasma estradiol concentrations compared to FSH-stimulated controls. Stimulation with FSH did not alter progesterone concentrations, but significantly increased plasma estradiol concentrations compared to those of controls. In experiment 2, the number of large follicles increased significantly with time (p < 0.01), but there were no differences between eCG and FSH treatments in size distribution of follicles (p > 0.05). Relative abundance of P450(17 alpha) message (per 20 micrograms RNA) was significantly higher in large and small follicles (p < 0.05) in eCG-treated compared to FSH-treated heifers after PG injection. Analysis within this period revealed significant treatment effects at 12 h but not 24 h after PG injection. The bovine P450arom cDNA hybridized to 3 transcripts: a 6.5-kilobase (kb) polyadenylated transcript, and non-polyadenylated messages of 3.4 and 1.8 kilobases (kb), all of which hybridized with an oligonucleotide probe specific for the heme-binding region. In medium and small follicles, the 6.5-kb and 3.4-kb transcripts were present in similar quantities, and the 1.8-kb transcript was 25% less abundant. In large follicles recovered after luteolysis, the 3.4 and 1.8-kb transcripts were 3- to 4-fold more abundant in eCG-treated compared with FSH-treated and nonstimulated animals (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between eCG and FSH treatments on steady-state 3 beta-HSD mRNA levels. Levels of 3 beta-HSD and P450(17 alpha) mRNA in large follicles in hyperstimulated heifers were not different from those in preovulatory follicles in nonstimulated cows. We conclude that hyperstimulation with eCG results in greater stimulation of follicular P450(17 alpha) message abundance compared to hyperstimulation with FSH, and that this may contribute to increased follicular estradiol secretion.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1997

Ovarian follicular steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage messenger ribonucleic acids in cattle undergoing superovulation.

Ovarian hyperstimulation with eCG in cattle results in increased plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations, whereas hyperstimulation with FSH increases only estradiol concentrations. This study tested the hypothesis that eCG, compared to FSH, increases mRNA abundance for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), and/or cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), the main elements of the progesterone biosynthetic pathway. Heifers were stimulated with eCG (n = 10) or commercial FSH (n = 10), and ovaries were removed by colpotomy the day before and at 12 and 24 h after luteolysis was induced with prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha. RNA was extracted from individual follicles, and relative abundance of StAR, LDL-R, and P450scc mRNA was assessed by slot blots. In ovaries of abattoir origin, StAR mRNA was detected in all follicles and was present in the theca but not the granulosa cell layer, as shown by Northern blotting. Levels of StAR mRNA increased 2-fold (p < 0.05) after PGF2alpha injection in small (< 6 mm) follicles from eCG-treated but not from FSH-treated animals. After PGF2alpha, injection, StAR mRNA levels were 2- to 3-fold higher (p < 0.01) in large (> 9 mm) and medium (6-9 mm) follicles in eCG- compared with FSH-treated heifers. In contrast, P450scc and LDL-R mRNA levels did not consistently differ according to treatments. We show that StAR is expressed in the theca cells of bovine follicles and that stimulation with eCG increases follicular accumulation of StAR mRNA in comparison to stimulation with FSH.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Medical and surgical management of the pelvic abscess.

A pelvic abscess is the end stage in the progression of a genital tract infection and is frequently an unnecessary complication. Intensive medical management including the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, posterior colpotomy, and major surgery involving a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, all have their place in the management of this condition. Such surgery, however necessary, is associated with profound physical and emotional effects in addition to the economic consequences associated with such therapy. It is hoped that with a better understanding of the epidemiology of PID and with the advent of improved diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for early genital tract infection, a pelvic abscess will eventually become a great rarity on gynecology services.

Abscess↗
PubMed2005

Laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula.

PURPOSE: Vesicovaginal fistula may be a complication of urogynecologic surgery. We describe the technique of laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula as performed at our 2 institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since August 1998 laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula was performed in 15 select patients who had clear indications to undergo surgical treatment through an abdominal approach. Hysterectomy had previously been performed in 14 patients (93%). Conservative treatment was initially attempted for more than 2 months in all cases. Four patients had undergone a previous surgical fistula closure attempt with unsuccessful results. Our technique involved cystoscopy, catheterization of the vesicovaginal fistula, laparoscopic cystotomy, opening and excision of the fistulous tract, dissection of the bladder from the vagina, cystotomy closure and colpotomy with interposition of a flap of healthy tissue. Demographic as well as perioperative and outcome data were recorded. RESULTS: Average patient age was 38 years. None of the cases required open conversion. Mean operative time was 170 minutes (range 140 to 240). Mean hospital stay was 3 days (range 2 to 5). The mean duration of bladder catheterization was 10.4 days (range 9 to 15) At a mean followup of 26.2 months (range 3 to 60) 14 patients (93%) were cured. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula is a feasible and efficacious minimally invasive approach for the management of this entity.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The RUMI manipulator and Koh colpotomiser system for total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

The initial experience in 25 patients of using the Koh Colpotomiser System in conjunction with the RUMI Manipulator, a new modified technique for performing total laparoscopic hysterectomy, is presented. Of 25 operations, 23 (92%) were completed successfully. Complications were limited to minor pre-operative haemorrhage in two patients and post-operative bleeding in another. The Koh Colpotomiser System successfully maintained a pneumoperitoneum following colpotomy, giving the operator improved visibility and access to the pelvic organs. This resulted in greater efficiency, while eliminating the difficulties of vaginal access.

Colposcopy↗
PubMed1994

Laparoscopic myomectomy. Operative procedure and results.

Myomectomy was performed by laparoscopy in 102 patients, according to a precise technique using the monopolar hook for the uterine incision and intraperitoneal sutures. Myomas were mostly removed through the suprapubic puncture site after fragmentation or by colpotomy. Conversion to laparotomy during the laparoscopic procedure was necessary in 2 cases. No complications were observed. A second-look laparoscopy was performed in 17 cases. Postoperative adhesions were noted in 2 cases. In our experience, operative laparoscopy has several advantages over laparotomy and the risk of complications is low in selected cases.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Standardised management of PID in a developing country.

During a 15 month period, 464 patients admitted to hospital with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were classified according to Monif's staging and treated following strict guidelines. Stage II, PID with peritoneal reaction, was treated with intravenous antibiotics. Stage III, PID with tubo-ovarian mass, was drained by posterior colpotomy when indicated or treated with triple antibiotics when high abdominal masses were present. Stage IV, ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess, was always surgically treated. Mortality was almost limited to patients with stage IV PID, 15% (3/20) of whom died. Morbidity included the need for laparotomy (in 1.6% (6/368) of stage II, 59.3% (45/76) of stage III, and 100% of 20 stage IV patients) and draining pus (in 6.6% (5/76) of stage III cases and 50% (10/20) of stage IV patients). This study also shows that unspecialised hospital staff are able to use Monif's staging correctly, and that acceptable results can be obtained with the limited resources that are available in most developing countries.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1990

Tubo-ovarian abscesses: CT-guided percutaneous drainage.

The results of computed tomographic (CT)-guided percutaneous drainage in eight patients with tubo-ovarian abscesses are reported. Seven patients (88%) recovered without surgery and required no further treatment. One patient had marked clinical improvement but still required a posterior colpotomy. No complications occurred. One patient had a recurrence of symptoms 20 months after the procedure that represented a new infection. The role of CT-guided percutaneous drainage in tubo-ovarian abscesses as well as an analysis of the technical aspects associated with a successful procedure are discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Laparoscopic nephrectomy with vaginal delivery of the intact kidney.

The first case of laparoscopic nephrectomy in Italy is described. The patient was a 51-year-old woman with a small, nonfunctional, tuberculous left kidney. The organ, once detached from its lumbar site, was brought in to the pelvic cavity and extracted from the body via a posterior colpotomy. In this way, the integrity of the organ is preserved, hence, this could be the preferable route when dealing with a little kidney tumor in a woman.

Female↗
PubMed2005

In vitro production of Holstein embryos using sex-sorted sperm and oocytes from selected cull cows.

The objective of this study was to explore potential synergies between sex-sorted sperm and in vitro embryo production for generating replacement heifers on commercial dairy farms. Selected involuntary cull cows (i.e., genetically suitable cows that were culled due to injury, illness, or infertility) from 7 Wisconsin farms were used as donors, and ovaries were collected via colpotomy or at the time of slaughter. Oocytes were aspirated, fertilized in vitro with sex-sorted sperm 22 +/- 0.2 h later, cultured, matured for 7 to 8 d, and transferred into recipient cows and heifers on the farms from which the cull cows originated. From August 2002 to June 2003, ovaries were recovered from 104 Holstein donors. Sex-sorted sperm from 3 Holstein sires (obtained via fluorescence-activated cell sorting) were used. A total of 365 transferable embryos were produced, an average of 3.6 +/- 0.3 per donor. However, due to limited availability of recipient animals, only 272 (fresh) embryos were transferred, an average of 2.6 +/- 0.3 per donor. A random subset of recipients received an injection (i.m.) of GnRH (100 microg) at the time of embryo transfer. When lactating cows were used as recipients, mean conception rates were 16.3% for recipients identified based on standing estrus and 20.0% for recipients synchronized using a timed breeding program (Ovsynch). Conception rates for in vitro-produced embryos were lower than corresponding conception rates for control cows inseminated using unsorted semen. When virgin heifers were used as embryo recipients (all standing estrus), the mean conception rate was 34.2%. The following effects significantly impacted conception rate: farm, season, recipient group (cow vs. heifer), sire of embryo, and GnRH injection. Of 40 full-term calves generated using sex-sorted semen, 37 were female. These results suggest that "low-cost" in vitro embryo production using cull cows as donors, in conjunction with sex-sorted sperm, could be an effective tool in dairy cattle breeding programs, but only if conception rates can be improved.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Contribution of color Doppler flow to the ultrasonographic diagnosis of tubal abnormalities.

Our objective was to characterize tubal abnormalities with color Doppler ultrasonography. We evaluated 25 women with adnexal masses suggestive of tubal masses using gray scale sonography. Color Doppler flow was added to further characterize the adnexal lesion. Of 18 women diagnosed as having hydrosalpinx, in 6 cases the diagnosis was tuboovarian abscess and in 1 case the diagnosis was tubal torsion. In the periphery of the hydrosalpinx, color Doppler flow revealed a mean resistive index of 0.752 +/- 0.04. In the periphery of the tuboovarian abscess, an abundant flow with reduced resistance to flow (mean resistive index = 0.448 +/- 0.04) was seen. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). In the case of adnexal torsion, no blood flow was detected in the lesion. All cases but one were confirmed in either laparoscopy or laparotomy or during colpotomy and drainage of the abscess. For adnexal masses suggestive of tubal lesions, color Doppler flow can further characterize the masses by detecting a significantly richer and low resistant blood flow in cases of tuboovarian abscess in comparison to hydrosalpinx.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Problems related to the cervical stump at follow-up in laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate our experience with laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LASH) and to assess the short- and medium-term outcome. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patient and surgery characteristics from chart review and evaluation of patient satisfaction by a questionnaire. RESULTS: Forty-one patients who underwent LASH were studied with a mean length of follow-up of 27 months. Operative complications consisted of one bladder lesion and one bleeding at the trocar site. Postoperative complications were bladder atony (1), paralytic ileus (1), a pulmonary embolism (1) and vaginal hemorrhage from the colpotomy incision (1). Twenty-five percent of the patients continued to menstruate, and 10% had symptoms of discharge. Overall, 98% of the patients were satisfied with their operation. CONCLUSIONS: Although preservation of the cervix with laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign diseases was satisfactory in most of the cases, several women had complications of the remaining cervix. Special attention should be paid to the careful treatment of the cervical stump. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the advantages of retaining the cervix at laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison the efficacy of laparosonic coagulating shears and electrosurgery in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy: preliminary results.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and effectiveness of laparosonic coagulating shears (LCS) and electrosurgery for use in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, patients undergoing LAVH performed by one of the authors from October 1997 to January 1998 were assigned at random to the electrosurgery group (n = 20) or the LCS group (n = 20). Procedures performed with LCS or electrosurgery included coagulation and separation of infundibulopelvic or utero-ovarian round ligaments, vesico-uterine-visceral peritoneal fold dissection, and anterior and posterior colpotomy. Outcome measures were operative time, blood loss, decrease in hemoglobin values, and length of hospitalization. RESULTS: The mean operative time (90+/-22.9 min versus 80.3+/-17.1 min, P = 0.391), blood loss (308+/-167 ml versus 250+/-104 ml, P = 0.11), and hemoglobin decrease (1.57+/-0.769 mg/dl versus 1.36+/-0.886 mg/dl, P = 0.55) were slightly greater in the LCS group than in the electrosurgery group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The length of hospital stay was similar in the two groups (5 days). No patients developed serious complications related to electrosurgery or LCS. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that LCS is as safe and effective as electrosurgery, and may offer an alternative option for patients undergoing LAVH.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMed1975

Incidental appendectomy in vaginal surgery.

We have analyzed 225 cases of incidental appendectomy performed during 2200 vaginal operations over a six-year period. The main vaginal procedures were 1700 hysterectomies and 500 colpotomies for tubal ligation, ovarian cystectomy and diagnostic procedures. Other than prolonging the operating time by about 15 minutes, there was no sign of increased morbidity or duration of hospital stay.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed2001

Microlaparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. A preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical possibility of using a microlaparoscope in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-five women with different indications for hysterectomy and a uterine size < 14 weeks' gestation underwent laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy using a microlaparoscope and 2-mm instruments. RESULTS: Microlaparoscopic procedures included coagulation and separation of infundibulopelvic or uteroovarian round ligaments, vesico-uterine-visceral peritoneal fold dissection, and anterior and posterior colpotomy. The mean operative time, blood loss and length of hospital stay were 84.40 +/- 16.85 minutes, 262.00 +/- 112.99 mL and 3.08 +/- 0.64 days, respectively. No patients developed serious complications, but there were two minor ones. CONCLUSION: Microlaparoscopy appears to be an efficacious alternative treatment option in well-selected patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of vaginal tubal ligation.

A series is described of 150 cases of sterilization through posterior colpotomy. The operation was mainly elective or postabortal. The average hospital stay was short--1 or 2 days and complications were few-mainly pelvic peritonitis. There was only 1 death in the series covering 5 years--from peritonitis. The method is recommended for widespread use throughout the country both in rural and urban centres.

Adult↗