Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Colitis, Microscopic”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pathology of chronic inflammatory bowel disease in children.

The term chronic inflammatory bowel disease is usually applied to the idiopathic varieties ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease but actually encompasses a wide range of colonic inflammatory conditions, which in children includes indeterminate colitis, microscopic colitis, allergic colitis and Behçet's enterocolitis. The pathologist's opinion is considered the final arbiter in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease but classification may be hampered by the considerable histological overlap between the various types of colitis. Accurate diagnosis, particularly in biopsy specimens, thus depends on clinical and radiological input as well as on appropriately selected and adequately prepared material. This chapter discusses in detail the morphological appearances of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease with particular emphasis on diagnosis by mucosal biopsy and differential diagnosis in the paediatric age group. The recent demonstration of ulceration-associated cell lineage and trefoil peptide expression in inflammatory bowel disease is also discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a complicated condition, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis, and indeterminate colitis, that affects the intestine and several extraintestinal sites. There has been much debate regarding whether Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are distinct entities or if they exist along a continuum of the same disease process. In this article, the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease are reviewed, as well as treatment options. Because Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic diseases, they have an important economic effect on our healthcare system and the United States as a whole. Some newer and more expensive treatment options may provide overall cost savings in select patient populations because of decreased use of healthcare resources.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Histologic study of colonic mucosa in patients with chronic diarrhea and normal colonoscopic findings.

BACKGROUND: There are controversies about the importance of biopsies of normal colon mucosa in the investigation of patients with chronic diarrhea. STUDY: Colonic and terminal ileum biopsies of 167 patients were reviewed. In 5 patients, used as controls, colonoscopy was done due to family history of colon cancer. RESULTS: The 5 patients without symptoms had no histologic abnormalities. The histologic findings in 162 patients with chronic diarrhea were as follows: 110 patients (67.9%) with normal histology, microscopic colitis not otherwise specified, and isolated small granulomas; 17 (10.5%) patients had findings of borderline diagnostic significance, including possible collagenous colitis, some features of lymphocytic colitis and melanosis coli; and 35 (21.6%) patients, with diagnostic significant histologic findings as collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, minimal change microscopic colitis, eosinophilic colitis, pericrypt eosinophilic enterocolitis, intestinal spirochetosis, schistosomiasis, and Crohn's disease. Of the 52 patients with either borderline or significant diagnostic abnormalities, in 8 (15.4%) the diagnosis was done only with a proximal study (ascending, transverse, or descending colons). CONCLUSIONS: Histologic lesions of possible diagnostic value could exist in 32.1% of chronic diarrhea patients with normal colonoscopy, which can justify, in certain cases, mucosa biopsies, which might contribute for a more precise etiologic diagnosis; also, the distribution of these histologic changes has pointed out the importance of having all colon segments biopsied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Pathomorphology of ulcerative colitis].

Microscopic and macroscopic appearances of ulcerative colitis (UC) by its phase of inflammation were summarized. The most characteristic microscopic findings of active phase UC is diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, essentially associated with basal plasmacytosis. Although inflammation of UC is basically limited to the mucosa, active inflammation extends into the submucosa in some instance, and acute ischemic change is overlapped to cause toxic megacolon. In remission phase, inflammation is reduced and goblet cell mucus is fully recovered but evidences of the past inflammation such as irregular shape and disarrangement of crypts, Paneth cell metaplasia, thickening of the muscularis mucosae and discrepancy between the crypt base and the muscularis mucosae are usually demonstrated. Macroscopic appearances of UC reflect its microscopic findings such as degree of inflammation, whether inflammation is (was) limited to the mucosa or extend(ed) into the submucosa. Active phase is classified into erythematous, spongy, granular, pseudopolyp, ulcerative, and fulminant (toxic megacolon) type. In the former two types, inflammation is limited in the mucosa, and the latter two types are associated with ischemic change. In remission phase, erythematous and spongy types recover to the almost normal looking mucosa or fine granular mucosa with preservation of mucosal folds, granular type recovers to granular, fine granular or flat atrophic mucosa without preservation of mucosal folds, and pseudopolyp type recovers to mucosa with inflammatory polyposis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1982

Microscopic colitis-a cause of chronic watery diarrhoea.

Six patients with severe watery diarrhoea were found to have microscopic total colitis. None had any abnormality detectable by conventional tests used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease-namely, barium radiology and endoscopy. The diagnosis could only be made by microscopic examination of biopsy specimens from the apparently normal colon. Anaemia, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypokalaemia, and hypoalbuminaemia were common findings. Small-bowel function was normal in all, though three patients had jejunal lesions of uncertain relevance but seemingly unrelated to the diarrhoea. The five patients given anti-inflammatory drugs showed a satisfactory response with improvement of the diarrhoea and colonic inflammation and return to normal of the abnormal laboratory findings. Microscopic colitis is responsible for a proportion of cases of intractable diarrhoea of obscure origin and rectal and colonic biopsies sould be undertaken in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ticlopidine induced colitis: a histopathological study including apoptosis.

AIMS: To describe ticlopidine related microscopic colitis and to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in the colon epithelium. METHODS: A series of colorectal biopsy samples from nine patients with ticlopidine related chronic diarrhoea were analysed. Biopsies were also taken from five of these patients between two and four months after ticlopidine withdrawal. The number of apoptotic cells in the crypts/mm2 (apoptotic index) was calculated using in situ labelling by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL). All specimens were matched to normal colorectal specimens from a control group of comparable age and sex distribution. RESULTS: Histological examination of the colon biopsy specimens taken from all nine patients with ticlopidine related chronic diarrhoea showed characteristic features of microscopic colitis. The histology returned to normal when ticlopidine was withdrawn. Apoptotic cells were rarely found in controls, and the mean apoptotic index was 0.53. The apoptotic index was significantly higher (16.53) in ticlopidine related colitis, but decreased dramatically to control value when ticlopidine was withdrawn. CONCLUSION: Microscopic colitis can be induced by ticlopidine and is accompanied by an increase in epithelial apoptosis. Hence, increased apoptosis might be related to drug injury or might be part of microscopic colitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Incidence of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis: a 5-year population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis is not well known. We sought to assess the incidence of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis in a well-defined population during a 5-yr study period. METHODS: From January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1997, all new patients diagnosed with collagenous or lymphocytic colitis living in the catchment area of the Hospital Mutua de Terrassa (Barcelona, Spain) were identified. Since 1993 all patients with chronic diarrhea were referred for a diagnostic colonoscopy. Multiple biopsy sampling of the entire colon was performed when appearance of the colonic mucosa was grossly normal. RESULTS: Twenty-three cases of collagenous colitis and 37 of lymphocytic colitis were diagnosed. The female:male ratios were 4.75:1 and 2.7:1 for collagenous and lymphocytic colitis, respectively. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 53.4+/-3.2 (range, 29-82) yr for collagenous colitis, and 64.3+/-2.7 (range, 28-87) yr for lymphocytic colitis (p = 0.012). The mean annual incidence per 100,000 inhabitants based on the year of onset of symptoms was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-1.7) for collagenous colitis, and 3.1 (95% CI, 2.0-4.2) for lymphocytic colitis. A peak incidence was observed in older women in both diseases. A rate of microscopic colitis of 9.5 per 100 normal-looking colonoscopies performed in patients with chronic watery diarrhea was observed. Normal rectal biopsies were found in 43 % and 8% of patients with collagenous and lymphocytic colitis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of lymphocytic colitis is three times higher than that of collagenous colitis. Microscopic colitis should be considered as a major possibility in the work-up of chronic diarrhea in older women.

Age Factors↗