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Results for “Coercion”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

First sexual intercourse: age, coercion, and later regrets reported by a birth cohort.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate how age at first sexual intercourse is related to the reported circumstances and to determine how these corresponded to views in early adulthood about its timing. DESIGN: Cross sectional study within a birth cohort using a questionnaire presented by computer. SETTING: Dunedin, New Zealand in 1993-4. SUBJECTS: 477 men and 458 women enrolled in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, comprising 92% of survivors of the cohort. RESULTS: The median age at first intercourse was 17 years for men and 16 years for women. Only one man (0.2%) but 30 (7%) women reported being forced to have intercourse on the first occasion. For women, there were increasing rates of coercion with younger age at first intercourse. More men than women reported that they and their partner were equally willing (77% (316/413) v 53% (222/419)). Mutual willingness of both partners was greater for those who reported that it was also the first time for their partner. Timing of first intercourse was considered about right by 49% (200/411) of men and 38% (148/388) of women. Many women (54% (211/388) reported that they should have waited longer, and this rose to 70% (90/129) for women reporting intercourse before age 16. CONCLUSIONS: Most women regretted having sexual intercourse before age 16. First intercourse at younger ages is associated with risks that are shared unequally between men and women. This information is important to young people themselves.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The convention on human rights and biomedicine and the use of coercion in psychiatry.

According to a recent convention on human rights and biomedicine, coercive treatment of psychiatric patients may only be given if, without such treatment, serious harm is likely to result to the health of the patient; it must not be given in the interest of other people. In the present article a discussion is undertaken about the implication of this stipulation for the use of coercion in psychiatry in general and in forensic psychiatry in particular.

Coercion↗
PubMed2004

Pressure and coercion in the care for the addicted: ethical perspectives.

The use of coercive measures in the care for the addicted has changed over the past 20 years. Laws that have adopted the "dangerousness" criterion in order to secure patients' rights to non-intervention are increasingly subjected to critique as many authors plead for wider dangerousness criteria. One of the most salient moral issues at stake is whether addicts who are at risk of causing danger to themselves should be involuntarily admitted and/or treated. In this article, it is argued that the dilemma between coercion on the one hand and abandonment on the other cannot be analysed without differentiated perspectives on the key notions that are used in these debates. The ambiguity these notions carry within care practice indicates that the conflict between the prevention of danger and respect for autonomy is not as sharp as the legal systems seem to imply. Some coercive measures need not be interpreted as an infringement of autonomy--rather, they should be interpreted as a way to provide good care.

Caregivers↗
PubMed2001

Evaluating a prevention program for teenagers on sexual coercion: a differential effectiveness approach.

The authors evaluated a coeducational program for teenagers on preventing sexual coercion in dating situations. Students examined individual and social attitudes underlying coercive sexual behavior and learned communication skills aimed at preventing or dealing with unwanted sexual advances. Instruction was enhanced by video and an interactive video "virtual date." Outcomes were assessed using sexual attitude scales with a sample of 458 high school students. Student health education classes were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control condition. Findings, based on a latent variable model of differential effectiveness, showed that students in the treatment group with initial coercive attitude scores at or above the mean benefited significantly more than students with the same range of scores in the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Sexual coercion among young street-involved adults: perpetrators' and victims' perspectives.

This study explored sexual coercion in dating situations among young adults ages 18-25. Focus group discussions were conducted with a mostly street-involved and sexually diverse (straight, gay, lesbian and bisexual) sample of young adults. While aware of the risks of unsafe sex, getting sex whenever possible or getting sex over with outweighed considerations of safer sex and disease transmission. Participants noted that partners could be manipulated or coerced into sex, using alcohol and drugs; obligations, expectations, and guilt; and exploitation of emotional and economic vulnerability. Overall, participants revealed that these factors led to an increase in total number of sexual events and particularly to unsafe sex. While sexual education and safer sex programs often address sexual negotiation, a focus on changing the behaviors of those who coerce partners into sex is also needed to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1958

Group psychotherapy for criminal offenders; a program for parolees under social-psychological coercion.

Selected prisoners, most of them with severe character disorders, are permitted to serve the remaining portion of their sentence on parole in the community on condition that they be patients in psychotherapy at a psychiatric clinic created in 1953 for this purpose. Nearly all the patients begin without personal motivation for such treatment. Attendance has been attained because parole officers are assigned to the task of enforcing attendance. Coercion can bring these reluctant patients to expose themselves to treatment, but staff members then have the task to overcome hostility, combat extensive rationalizations, and transform an initially poor rapport into patient participation in working through major personality change. This clinic provides an interesting laboratory for the development of a psychiatric treatment program for adults who have not responded well to a great variety of forms of correctional care.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The origins of coercion in Assertive Community Treatment: a review of early publications from the special treatment unit of Mendota State Hospital.

This article argues that Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is fundamentally and historically based on the uncritical, but societally well-accepted view, that medically justified coercion (punishment or unwanted treatment) is therapeutic. It documents this claim by reviewing the early professional history and the resultant publications of the inventors of ACT (originally known as Training in Community Living), consisting of psychiatrists, social workers, and psychologists who trained and worked during the 1960s through the 1980s, at Mendota State Hospital (eventually renamed Mendota Mental Health Institute) in Wisconsin.

Coercion↗
PubMed2006

[Coercion in the treatment of anorexia nervosa].

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disorder of unclear aetiology, nowadays one of the most serious chronic diseases of adolescent girls and young women. Severe weight loss and associated behaviours may endanger anorexic patients' lives. A characteristic for the disorder the reluctance in accepting treatment can lead in such situations to the necessity of involuntary treatment. The authors have presented indications for hospitalization as well as have discussed consequences, short- and longterm effectiveness of coercion measures in therapy of anorexia. The necessity of further investigations on this problem has been stresssed, particulary connected with good prognosis in the involuntary treatment. The lack of one-valued legal bases for involuntary treatment of anorexia in polish legislation has been mentioned as well as the lack of proper medical outposts providing them complex treatment.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed2002

Sexual coercion reported by women in three midwestern prisons.

The study was an anonymous self-report survey of coercive sexual experiences of women incarcerated in three Midwestern prisons. Inmate populations were 295 (Facility 1), 113 (Facility 2) and 60 (Facility 3). Return rates were over 50%. Some prison staff were also surveyed. The 150 inmates in Facility 1 reported relatively high rates of sexual coercion: 27% had been coerced in the state system and 19% in their present facility. The 80 inmates in Facility 1 and 36 inmates in Facility 3 reported lower rates: 8% to 9% for prisons statewide and 6% to 8% for their present facility. One half of the perpetrators were females. Most incidents involved genital touching. About one fifth of the incidents were classifiable as rape. We concluded that the prison environment potentially fosters female sexual aggression among inmates and sexual exploitation by staff.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The wavering line in the sand: the effects of domestic violence and sexual coercion.

Control and power regarding sexuality and fertility challenges many women, especially those involved in abusive relationships. This preliminary study was done to explore the relationship between domestic violence, sexual coercion, and pregnancy. The sample was comprised of community-dwelling women attending support groups for survivors of abuse, and women attending group therapy sessions while housed at a battered woman's shelter. Both questionnaires and focus groups addressed the women's experiences with contraception, sexuality, pregnancy, and domestic violence. Only the qualitative phase of the study, plus demographics from the questionnaires, are presented in this article. The responses suggest that many of the women felt they could not avoid intercourse with their abusers, despite fears of pregnancy. Focus group transcript analysis revealed recurrent themes of problems regarding pregnancy, tactics of abuse, inability to access birth control, and denial and mistrust. This article explores the reality these women face and the thought processes they employ to survive and remain in their relationship. Health care providers can use this information to better understand their clients, to assist them in obtaining and using effective contraception, and to support clients as they make their decisions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Sexual coercion, domestic violence, and negotiating condom use among low-income African American women.

Coercion to engage in unwanted sex places women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A survey of 125 women living in low-income housing developments in Fulton County, Georgia, showed that 53 (42%) women had engaged in unwanted sex because a male partner threatened to use force or used force to obtain sexual access. Women who had been sexually coerced were more likely to have used marijuana and crack cocaine and to have abused alcohol. Coerced women were more likely to have been physically abused by a domestic partner. These women were also more likely to perceive that requesting male partners to use condoms would create a potentially violent situation. These results suggest that women experience an interactive constellation of social problems that create risks for HIV infection and, therefore, that efforts to prevent HIV infection among women will require multifaceted intervention strategies to reach both men and women at risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Information, consent and perceived coercion: patients' perspectives on electroconvulsive therapy.

BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure that attracts special safeguards under common law for voluntary patients and under both current and proposed mental health legislation, for those receiving compulsory treatment. AIMS: To review patients' views on issues of information, consent and perceived coercion. METHOD: Seventeen papers and reports were identified that dealt with patients' views on information and consent in relation to ECT; 134 'testimonies' or first-hand accounts were identified. The papers and reports were subjected to a descriptive systematic review. The testimony data were analysed qualitatively. RESULTS: Approximately half the patients reported that they had received sufficient information about ECT and side-effects. Approximately a third did not feel they had freely consented to ECT even when they had signed a consent form. Clinician-led research evaluates these findings to mean that patients trust their doctors, whereas user-led work evaluates similar findings as showing inadequacies in informed consent. CONCLUSION: Neither current nor proposed safeguards for patients are sufficient to ensure informed consent with respect to ECT, at least in England and Wales.

Electroconvulsive Therapy↗
PubMed1999

The public's view of the competence, dangerousness, and need for legal coercion of persons with mental health problems.

OBJECTIVES: The authors examined Americans' opinions about financial and treatment competence of people with mental health problems, potential for harm to self or others, and the use of legal means to force treatment. METHODS: The 1996 General Social Survey provided interview data with a nationally representative sample (n = 1444). Respondents were given a vignette based on diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, major depression, alcohol dependence, or drug dependence, or a "control" case. RESULTS: The specific nature of the problem was the most important factor shaping public reaction. Respondents viewed those with "troubles," alcohol dependence, or depression as able to make treatment decisions. Most reported that persons with alcohol or drug problems or schizophrenia cannot manage money and are likely to be violent toward others. Respondents indicated a willingness to coerce individuals into treatment. Respondent and other case characteristics rarely affected opinions. CONCLUSIONS: Americans report greater concern with individuals who have drug or alcohol problems than with persons who have other mental health problems. Evaluations of dangerousness and coercion indicate a continuing need for public education.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

[Coercion and damage of Cu pollution on Artemisia lavandulaefolia growth].

By the method of solution culture, this paper studied the coercion and damage of Cu pollution on the growth of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. The Cu concentration was set as 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg x L(-1), experimental duration was 14 days, and the growth and physiological indices of plants were tested. The results showed that the growth of A. lavandulaefolia was stimulated at low Cu concentration (2.5 mg x L(-1)), while inhibited at higher Cu concentrations (5 to approximately 40 mg x L(-1)). There was a significant negative correlation between each growth index and Cu concentration, and pigments contents had the similar trend. The sensibility of various photosynthetic pigments to Cu was in the order of chlorophyll a > chlorophyll a + b > chlorophyll b > carotenoid. Cell membrane permeability, O2 generation rate, and MDA content decreased slightly at 2.5 mg Cu x L(- 1) and then increased with increasing Cu concentration. The activities of POD, SOD and CAT increased first but decreased then with the increasing Cu concentration, and the endurance index of root showed the same trend, being > 0.5 at the Cu concentration less than 20 mg x L(-1) while decreased to 0.36 at 40 mg Cu x L(-1).

Artemisia↗
PubMed1996

Community psychiatric care: from libertarianism to coercion. Moral panic and mental health policy in Britain.

This article discusses recent developments in mental health policy in Britain, focusing on the move towards compulsory supervision of mentally ill people in the community. It is argued that the desire for compulsion reflects moral panic rather than rational appraisal of the undoubted problems with community mental health care. Alternative strategies involving education of the patient and cares, the deployment of psychological treatments of psychosis and an emphasis on the negotiation of treatment plans, are advocated.

Coercion↗
PubMed1993

Inclusion, motivation, and good faith: the morality of coercion in mental hospital admission.

We administered a semi-structured interview to 157 patients shortly after their admission to a psychiatric hospital. In the first, and open-ended, part of the interview, patients were asked to talk about what had been going on in their lives that led to their coming into the hospital. Then, in a more structured format, they were asked more specific details about who was involved, the patients' relationships with those involved, whether any attempts were made to influence the patient to come into the hospital, and whether such attempts were perceived as fair by the patient. This article presents a qualitative review of the transcripts of a subset of these interviews. It attends specifically to patients' perceptions of the morality of attempts by others--primarily family members, friends and mental health professionals--to influence them to be admitted to the hospital, and of the morality of the process by which these influence attempts resulted in admission.

Coercion↗