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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression in Syrian hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis.

The expression pattern of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) during the stages of complete carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch model was studied. The right cheek pouches of 18 male hamsters were treated with 0.5%, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 16 wk. TGF-beta 1 was detected immunohistochemically in the resulting samples with two different polyclonal monospecific antibodies that recognize intracellular and extracellular forms of TGF-beta 1. In the normal cheek pouch, extracellular protein stained the corium strongly, but the reaction was not evenly distributed. As treatment progressed, the reaction increased in both area and intensity; the peak was reached at 8 wk. Intracellular TGF-beta 1 expression followed a similar pattern, with a peak at 4 wk of treatment. The results of northern blot analysis were concordant with the immunohistochemical results. Overexpression of TGF-beta 1 was also observed in the malignant tumors, but only the extracellular form of the protein was present; intracellular TGF-beta 1 was not detected in these tumors. The expression of TGF-beta 1 in this carcinogenesis model seems to have two formal stages, the first being an overexpression step as a reaction to the uncontrolled growth and the second being one in which tumors have no internal expression of TGF-beta 1 but in which external protein accumulates in the surrounding stroma. A possible explanation of this paradox may be that TGF-beta 1 has functions other than its growth-repressing activity.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed2005

Neurovascular musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi free-flap transfer for reconstruction of a major cheek defect with facial palsy in a 14-month-old child.

This report deals with a female infant 14 months old at time of surgery. Three weeks before admission, she suffered a direct blow to the left cheek by hitting a table. Within 24 h, she developed a hematoma involving the whole cheek. Ten days later, she developed an eschar on the cheek and was referred to us. Three weeks after the initial trauma, the damaged tissues were debrided, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle. The buccal mucosa remained intact. Facial palsy involving the territory of the buccal and mandibular branches was already evident at 3 weeks, as well as facial asymmetry. Consequently, a free musculocutaneous neurovascular latissimus dorsi free flap was proposed to restore the volume, shape, and function of the left half of the face. We present the surgical technique and the results 3.5 years later.

Cheek↗
PubMed1982

Corrective surgery for hollow cheeks.

A new method is reported for correction of hollow cheeks. A dermal and submucosal graft removed from the buttock is transferred to a subcutaneous pocket made in the endoral wall of the cheek on the other side of the hollow area. The dental arches push the soft tissues of the cheek outward, thus causing the hollow to disappear.

Buttocks↗
PubMed2004

Lymphocyte changes in peripheral blood, spleen, and liver in DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinoma of mouse cheek skin.

The peripheral blood, spleen, and liver lymphocyte subsets of mice with experimental cheek skin carcinoma were determined. The carcinoma was induced by the topical application of 2% (w/v) 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) to cheek skin twice a week for 12 weeks, and it was examined macroscopically and histopathologically. The composition of lymphocyte subsets (T cells, B cells, CD4+ single-positive [SP] T cells, and CD8+SP T cells) in peripheral blood, spleen, and liver was determined by flow cytometry at 3-week intervals for up to 24 weeks. Spleens and livers were assessed by determining their content of natural killer (NK)T cells. The results showed histopathological progression of the skin lesions from papilloma to squamous cell carcinoma at week 12. Body weight was significantly reduced from weeks 15 to 24, and spleen weight was significantly increased at weeks 21 and 24, but liver weight was not significantly different from the control. The lymphocyte subset composition of peripheral blood showed significant elevation of T cells at weeks 6 and 9, followed by reduced levels at weeks 21 and 24, with significant reduction of B cells at weeks 6 and 9, followed by elevation at weeks 21 and 24. CD4+SP T-cell content was elevated at weeks 6, 9, and 12, and reduced at weeks 21 and 24. CD8+SP T-cell content was significantly reduced at weeks 6, 9, and 12, and elevated at weeks 21 and 24. The composition of the lymphocyte subsets in the spleen was similar to their composition in peripheral blood. The composition of both T and B cells in the liver was significantly different from that in the corresponding control group, but no significant differences were found in either CD4+SP or CD8+SP T cells. These findings revealed that the DMBA-induced cheek skin carcinoma in mice affected not only the lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, but the cells in the spleen and liver as well.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1985

Experimental candidiasis in the hamster cheek pouch.

Sixty-four adult male BIO 87.20 hamsters were divided into four equal groups. Animals in three groups had 1 ml of a thick aqueous suspension of either Candida albicans (ATCC 10261), Candida albicans (UO1) or Candida tropicalis (3100, Puna Culture Collection) placed in each of their cheek pouches. The fourth group were controls. Four animals from each group were killed 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks following treatment. Specimens were removed from all left-cheek pouches and processed routinely for light microscopy. All animals treated with strain UO1 and 35 per cent of animals treated with either 10261 or 3100 strains exhibited changes. At 1 week, the epithelium had localized areas of neutrophilic leukocyte infiltration and some small discrete micro-abscesses. At 2 weeks, most micro-abscesses were larger. At 4 weeks, most micro-abscesses involved the more superficial epithelial layers. At 6 weeks, there were only a few superficial micro-abscesses. At 4 and 6 weeks, there were areas of thickened, often parakeratinized, stratum corneum. The connective tissue adjacent to the inflamed epithelium was infiltrated by varying numbers and types of chronic inflammatory cell. Hyphal invasion of the epithelium was not found. Thus the hamster cheek pouch is a suitable site for the study of experimental candidiasis. The occurrence of both an acute and chronic inflammatory response does not support the suggestion that the pouch is an immunologically-privileged site.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A light and scanning electron microscope study of epithelial thickenings and rete ridges in the adult hamster cheek pouch.

Cheek pouches from 8 adult male BIO strain hamsters were removed; half of them were routinely processed for light microscopy. The epithelium and connective tissue of the remaining pouches were separated using EDTA. These tissues were routinely processed for scanning electron microscopy and their separated surfaces examined; after this, some were reprocessed for light microscopy. A total of 1200 sections were examined by light microscopy and of these, 414 had at least one area showing rete ridges. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of isolated areas of either single or multiple rete ridges on both the separated epithelial and connective tissue surfaces. The presence of isolated areas of rete ridge formation in normal adult hamster cheek pouch mucosa needs to be taken into account in studies on experimentally altered cheek pouches so that the ridges are not interpreted as being part of a pathological change.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Free-radical inhibition of ATPase in hamster cheek pouch homogenates.

The effects of free-radicals generated by either the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) or the lipoxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) on the ATPase of the hamster cheek pouch has been studied. Cheek pouches were removed from female golden syrian hamsters and homogenized. ATPase activity was measured by the production of Pi at 37 degrees. HX/XO and AA were added at a final concentration of 9.6 X 10(-5) M HX with 5 X 10(-2) units HX and 5 X 10(-5) M AA with and without 1 X 10(-4) M ouabain. HX/XO produced a 24.7% inhibition alone and 35.0% when combined with ouabain. Ouabain alone produced a 7.1% inhibition. AA produced a 23.6% inhibition alone and 24.3% inhibition when combined with ouabain. Ouabain alone produced a 5.4% inhibition in this series. When AA was added in doses ranging from 1 X 10(-5) to 2 X 10(-3) M, a plot of percent inhibition versus log dose followed a typical sigmoid type curve. The IC50 was 1.5 X 10(-4) M. These results suggest that free-radicals are capable of inhibiting the ATPase found in the hamster cheek pouch tissues. The possible modes of action of the free-radicals in producing this inhibition are discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1983

Adrenergic neurons: are they present on microvessels in cheek pouches of hamsters?

Catecholaminergic innervation was investigated in the cheek pouch, mesentery, and cremaster muscle of the hamster. These tissues were removed from normal hamsters after anesthetization with sodium pentobarbital. They were prepared immediately for visualization of catecholamines by using a glyoxylic acid fluorescent technique. Visualization was accomplished via a Zeiss fluorescent microscope with a 470-nm barrier and a 420-nm excitation filter. No fluorescence was observed in or around the microvessels of the cheek pouch; however, intense fluorescence was demonstrated around and along microvessels in the mesentery and cremaster muscle. Thus, within the limitations of this technique, this study demonstrates that local catecholamines, either as a component of adrenergic neurons or a part of the local tissue milieu, are nondetectable in the microvessels within the cheek pouch as compared to mesenteric and muscle tissue of the hamster.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1985

Nonneural vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch.

The object of the present study was to employ specific pharmacological agents and the chemical sympatholytic drug 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to characterize the neural and adrenergic control of vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch. Arteriolar diameters were measured in the superfused cheek pouch of anesthetized male golden hamsters. All orders of arterioles constricted in response to norepinephrine (10(-7) g/ml) and increased superfusion solution PO2, and dilated in response to isoproterenol (10(-7) g/ml) and adenosine (10(-4) M). Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) g/ml), phentolamine (10(-6) g/ml), and propranolol (10(-6) g/ml) had no effect upon arteriolar diameters under resting conditions. However, phentolamine and propranolol completely blocked vessel responses to norepinephrine and isoproterenol, respectively. Arterioles dilated during superfusion with either 6-OHDA (300 micrograms/ml) or its acidic vehicle. However, vessel diameters returned toward control values during the subsequent 2-hr washout period and exhibited no net dilation following recovery from 6-OHDA or its vehicle. This study suggests that neural and adrenergic mechanisms are not the primary determinants of arteriolar tone in the hamster cheek pouch.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1989

Photodynamic therapy of human choriocarcinoma transplanted to the hamster cheek pouch. II. Intra-lesional photosensitization.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses light-activated compounds, such as hematoporphyrins, to produce cytotoxic effects after illumination. Human choriocarcinoma cells were transplanted into the hamster cheek pouch to study PDT. The transplanted choriocarcinoma secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in proportion to tumor volume. Red light (630 nm) from an argon-pumped dye laser (100-200 J/cm2) was used to illuminate tumors sensitized with dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE). Previous work has demonstrated complete regression (CR) of 90% of tumors (18/20) after one or two PDT sessions, while contralateral cheek pouch tumors continued to grow despite intraperitoneal DHE. Neither DHE nor laser light alone resulted in significant CRs. In this study we evaluated intratumoral injection of DHE followed in 2 hr by laser treatment. In all tumors, localization of DHE was demonstrated by induced fluorescence with ultraviolet light or He:Cd laser. After a single treatment, 14 of 38 tumors (37%) completely regressed (hCG less than mIU/ml); 4 tumors regressed grossly with low-level hCG [partial regression (PR)]. After repeat treatment there were 10 additional CRs in 19 rapidly enlarging tumors. After a third treatment 3 CRs and 3 PRs were achieved in 6 tumors. Because of large volumes, 2 of 3 progressing tumors failed to fluoresce uniformly after intratumoral DHE and were treated after intraperitoneal DHE injection; both completely responded. Overall, 29 of 38 tumors (76%) completely responded to PDT, and 7 partially responded (18%) with no gross tumor remaining in 5 of the 7. Only 5% of tumors (2/38) were non-responders. Photodynamic therapy results in gross elimination of 90% of tumors (52/58) in this model after intraperitoneal or intratumoral DHE sensitization (P less than 0.0001). DHE in chorio-carcinomas is easily detected and may enable detection of occult foci of malignancy. Choriocarcinoma transplanted into the hamster cheek pouch is highly responsive to photodynamic therapy. Clinical trials of PDT in gynecologic cancers are warranted to confirm the high response rates observed in refractory nongynecologic cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of topical cheek surface anesthesia on isometric contractions of the human masseter muscle.

To study the possibility of interactions between buccal cutaneous sensory receptors and voluntary maximum isometric contractions of the masseter muscles, six adult subjects exercised maximum teeth clenching before and after spraying the right cheek surface with aerosol containing 20% benzocaine. The right cheek and masseter muscle served as the experimental side, the left cheek and masseter muscle as the control side. Isometric motor outputs, on the right and left sides, were monitored by integrated surface electromyography over periods of 10 seconds. Topical surface anesthesia provided no evidence of motor modulation by cutaneous tactile receptors. Before and after anesthesia, the two muscles showed nearly identical and well-coordinated motor innervation patterns. It is suggested that the cortical motor commands of maximum isometric contractions, with recruitment of practically all available motor units, overrule all modulatory inputs except those of fatigue.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cheek repair.

The cheek, one of the most important facial aesthetic units, adjoins key facial structures including the mouth, nose, and eyelids. When undertaking cutaneous cheek defect repair, these functional structures must remain undisturbed. Indeed, the size, depth, and position of each defect must be critically assessed in relation to surrounding donor tissue and landmarks. This article reviews cheek anatomy, surface landmarks, and the various surgical options for achieving successful aesthetic and functional repair.

Cheek↗
PubMed1997

The staged cheek-to-nose interpolation flap for reconstruction of the nasal alar rim/lobule.

BACKGROUND: A deep defect of the nasal alar rim or lobule may represent a unique and difficult challenge because of the lax free margin and structural support supplied by the alar rim and lobule. Traditional closure strategies, including granulation, full thickness skin grafting, or nasolabial transposition flaps may result in unsatisfactory cosmetic and functional outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This article describes our experience with the staged cheek-to-nose interpolation flap for repairing deep skin cancer excision defects of the nasal alar rim and lobule. METHODS: The staged cheek-to-nose interpolation flap was used immediately after Mohs micrographic surgery to repair 18 deep nasal alar rim/lobule defects. In 13 patients, a free cartilage graft was used to restore structural support. RESULTS: The cosmetic and functional outcomes of each repair were judged from good to excellent by patient and surgeon. No cases of infection or flap necrosis occurred. To enhance the cosmetic outcome, three patients underwent spot dermabrasion within 2 months after flap detachment. CONCLUSION: The staged cheek-to-nose interpolation flap, with or without free cartilage grafts, consistently provides good to excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes when performed on properly selected deep nasal alar rim/lobule defects.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1981

Primary reconstruction of cheek defect following excision of a large malignant melanoma: Report of a case.

A large malignant melanoma of the cheek with metastasis to a submandibular lymph node is described. The tumor was successfully treated by surgical excision and radical neck dissection followed by immunotherapy with intradermal injections of CWS (cell wall skeleton) of noocardia. The cheek and upper lip defects following tumor excision were reconstructed primarily by upward rotation of the cheek and neck skin flap and by lateral advancement of a full-thickness upper lip flap. The oral defect was closed by stretching the distal based mucosal flap from the lower half of the buccal mucosa.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Pleomorphic adenoma of the cheek.

The mucosa of the cheek is a relatively rare site of occurrence for intraoral pleomorphic adenoma. A case of a large pleomorphic adenoma of the cheek is reported and a review of this lesion in the cheek is presented.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1996

Measurements by fluorescence microscopy of the time-dependent distribution of meso-tetra-hydroxyphenylchlorin in healthy tissues and chemically induced "early" squamous cell carcinoma of the Syrian hamster cheek pouch.

The influence of the time interval between dye administration and detection by fluorescence microscopy was assessed in "early" squamous cell carcinomas of the cheek pouch mucosa and different healthy tissues of the Syrian hamster. Following intracardiac injection of 0.15 mg (kg bodyweight)-1 of meso-tetra-hydroxyphenylchlorin (m-THPC), groups of three animals were sacrificed at different time intervals up to 30 days. A group of three non-injected animals was used to detect the endogene fluorescence of the corresponding normal tissues for autofluorescence subtraction. The following excised organs (oesophagus, trachea, liver, spleen, kidney, skin, striated muscle, healthy and tumoral cheek pouch mucosae) were fast frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 degrees C for fluorescence microscopy. The results show significant differences in the detectable m-THPC levels in different tissue layers (for instance, the epithelia and muscle of the oesophagus, trachea and cheek pouch) at different time intervals. These data indicate that pharmacokinetic studies may be useful for selecting the optimal time for the photodetection and phototherapy of cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Bilateral calcifications secondary to synthetic soft tissue augmentation of the cheeks: report of a case.

Although esthetic soft tissue augmentation of the cheeks has been in practice for over a century, calcifications associated with the soft tissue substitutes were rarely reported. A case demonstrating bilateral concentric opacities in the soft tissues of the cheek secondary to cheek augmentation is presented. The opacities were detected accidentally during routine intraoral radiographic examination. This condition initially posed a challenge in radiographic diagnosis in the absence of adequate history and clinical information. In this report we have briefly reviewed different types of implant materials used for soft tissue augmentation. We believe that inflammation of the tissues adjacent to the implant material is possibly responsible for the development of calcifications associated with esthetic soft tissue augmentations.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1999

The "facelift" flap for reconstruction of cheek, lateral orbit, and temple defects.

BACKGROUND: Large defects of the cheek, lateral orbit, zygomatic arch, or the lower temple pose challenges for reconstruction. These defects can be elegantly reconstructed using the "facelift" flap. OBJECTIVE: The facelift flap is a large advancement flap with a rotational component based on rhytidectomy principles. METHODS: Redundant skin from the lower cheek is used as the donor tissue, which is advanced cephalad and posteriorly. Flap design varies slightly for men and women depending on characteristics of the external ear and ear lobe as well as the position and density of the preauricular hairline. Extensive undermining is critical to reduce tension on the flap and allow for complete closure. Traction provided by an assistant aids in the undermining. Specialized instruments are helpful when performing this flap. Rhytidectomy scissors, multipronged skin rakes, hand-held fiberoptic lighted retractor, and insulated forceps are particularly useful. Correct trimming of the flap and ear lobe placement without tension on the lobe are essential for a good cosmetic result. A large standing cone is excised retroauricularly such that the scar is hidden primarily behind the ear. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The facelift flap gives superior and elegant results for reconstruction of large cutaneous defects involving the cheek, lateral orbit, zygomatic arch, and lower temple.

Cheek↗