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PubMed1976

Development of a diagnostic checklist for low back pain patients.

The study of psychosomatic disorders implies that environmental variables, as well as attitudes and personality, can influence an individual's physical health. The present study developed a checklist composed of demographic and psychological variables to help to make diagnostic decisions related to chronic low-back pain. The need for the checklist stems from the situation that medical clinical evidence is often inconclusive to identify the etiology of patient complaints of low back pain. Cut-off scores on the checklist were able to discriminate with greater than 80% accuracy patients who received a specific medical diagnosis from patients who received a non-specific medical diagnosis. The findings provide additional support for procedures used to make difficult diagnoses of low back pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A checklist for measuring nonfunctional behavior of regressed chronic psychiatric patients.

Devised a checklist to measure the ability of regressed chronic, psychiatric patients to perform skills of daily living because no other scale found was appropriate for measuring the behavior of such patients (N = 73). Areas assessed by the checklist were eating habits, grooming, dressing, inappropriate social behavior, and uncooperative behavior. Reliability was high, and the checklist was a valid measured of change.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

Reliability and validity of the Primary/Secondary Alcoholism Classification Questionnaire and the Hk/MBD Childhood Symptoms Checklist.

Primary vs. Secondary Alcoholism and claimed childhood symptoms of hyperkinesis/minimal brain dysfunction (Hk/MBD) have been shown to predict cognitive differences in alcoholics. The reliability and validity of the methods used to measure these variables were investigated in three separate studies. High test-retest reliability of the Primary/Secondary Classification Questionnaire and the Hk/MBD Childhood Symptoms Checklist was found in the first study (N = 45). In the second, the validity of the Hk/MBD Checklist was investigated by comparing childhood symptoms claimed by the alcoholics with those ascribed by relatives to them (N = 53). A significant positive correlation was found. Finally, a satisfactory percent agreement between the Primary/Secondary Classification Questionnaire and a clinical interview to elicit the same information was obtained in two samples (N = 38). These self-administered instruments, the Primary/Secondary Classification Questionnaire and the Hk/MBD Childhood Symptoms Checklist, should prove useful in future research on diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

Factor structure of a brief symptom checklist for acute psychiatric inpatients.

A 36-item symptom checklist (the HSCL-36) was assembled and assessed based on previous factor-analytic research with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90 (HSCL-90), which had focused on outpatients. Acute psychiatric inpatients (N = 243) completed the HSCL-36 after admission to a university hospital. The responses were factor analyzed using a principal axis extraction. Varimax rotation yielded six interpretable factors, for which factor-based subscales were derived. Five of the six subscales were found to be reliable using coefficient alpha. Results are compared with studies that used self-report symptom checklists with outpatients. Future directions for research are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Reliability and validity of IJR Behavior Checklist scores: number versus pathology level of symptoms.

The parent, teacher, and clinician forms of the IJR Behavior Checklist yield four summary scores (checklist total score, pathology-weighted total score, mean pathology score, and highest 5 items' mean pathology score). The checklist total score is essentially a symptom count with a double-weighting for frequent/intense occurrence; the other three scores incorporate item pathology weights. All four summary scores were shown to have moderately high validity as measures of the construct child/adolescent psychopathology: They differentiated between well-adjusted and clinical subsamples at the .001 level. The two scores based entirely on the pathology weights manifested less satisfactory reliability than the two scores reflecting primarily number of symptoms, but surpassed the latter in power to discriminate between psychotic and nonpsychotic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic importance of combined parent and teacher ratings on the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist.

The Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (RBPC) was completed by parents and teachers for 105 child psychiatry outpatient boys aged 6 to 12 years. In addition, DSM-III diagnoses were determined independent of checklist results, and the children were divided into major diagnostic groups of externalizing, internalizing, and mixed disorders. Combined parent and teacher ratings proved more effective than separate ratings in distinguishing the externalizing and mixed groups from the internalizing group on the RBPC externalizing factors. The overall classification of individual boys with discriminant function analysis increased from 72% to 83% when the ratings of both parents, rather than one parent, were combined with teacher ratings. Enhancing diagnostic accuracy of type of psychiatric disorder by using combined parent and teacher behavior checklist ratings is discussed.

Aggression↗
PubMed1988

An evaluation of the Autism Behavior Checklist.

The Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), an assessment instrument for autistic individuals, was evaluated in a group of 157 subjects, 94 clinically autistic and 63 nonautistic. The two groups differed significantly in ratings of pathology. Both false positive and false negative diagnostic classifications were made when the results of the checklist were compared with clinical diagnosis. Effects of developmental level and age were observed. The ABC appears to have merit as a screening instrument, though results of the checklist alone cannot be taken as establishing a diagnosis of autism. Important issues of reliability and validity remain to be addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of the DSM-III-R Checklist for initial diagnostic assessments.

The DSM-III-R Checklist is an efficient method for screening psychiatric patients for major psychiatric disorders while amassing a data base that can be used for later clinical and research activities. It yields valid diagnoses and key adjunctive symptoms. Patients enjoyed the interview, demonstrating an interest in the computer as well as a feeling of confidence in the complete review of symptoms. The psychiatry resident users in this project found the Checklist to be a valuable teaching instrument, a way to develop their thinking about symptoms and diagnostic rules, an efficient means of collecting an automated clinical data base, and a stimulus to pursue further research activities. Finally, the Checklist is an ideal diagnostic tool to amass a research data base and is currently being used in numerous studies by clinicians and nonclinicians.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The psychological evaluation of child sexual abuse using the Louisville Behavior Checklist and Human Figure Drawing.

Accurately detecting victims of child sexual abuse when physical evidence is lacking is a problem frequently faced by clinicians. This study investigated whether Human Figure Drawings and the Louisville Behavior Checklist could be used to accurately identify sexually abused children, mental health clinic-referred children, and community children. Discriminant function analysis indicated that the groups differed significantly on the measures. There was some misclassification of individual children on the basis of their checklist and drawing scores. Results suggested limited support for the Louisville Behavior Checklist but caution in using Human Figure Drawings in the assessment of sexual abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pediatric tracheotomy discharge teaching: a comprehensive checklist format.

Discharge planning for a child undergoing a tracheotomy is a complex process. In 1989, a multidisciplinary team at Children's Hospital of Michigan developed specific discharge criteria in a checklist format to address all facets of home care for these patients. We present and discuss the checklist. A survey of user satisfaction with the checklist demonstrated that 80% of parents and care-givers felt well-prepared by this format at the time their child was discharged from the hospital with a new tracheotomy. We conclude that the protocol allows for comprehensive and efficient discharge teaching of parents and care-givers for children with new tracheotomies.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1995

Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: an annotated bibliography of scales and checklists.

Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is important and relatively new. Quality gives us an estimate of the likelihood that the results are a valid estimate of the truth. We present an annotated bibliography of scales and checklists developed to assess quality. Twenty-five scales and nine checklists have been developed to assess quality. The checklists are most useful in providing investigators with guidelines as to what information should be included in reporting RCTs. The scales give readers a quantitative index of the likelihood that the reported methodology and results are free of bias. There are several shortcomings with these scales. Future scale development is likely to be most beneficial if questions common to all trials are assessed, if the scale is easy to use, and if it is developed with sufficient rigor.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tests of a symptom checklist to screen for comorbid psychiatric disorders in alcoholism.

In the treatment of substance use disorders, it is advantageous to identify patients with comorbid (nonsubstance) psychiatric disorders because treating comorbid disorders improves outcome. Because accurate psychiatric diagnosis is time-consuming, there is a need for strategies to screen for these comorbid conditions. This study used receiver operating characteristic analysis to investigate a symptom checklist (revised Symptom Checklist 90 [SCL-90-R]) as a screening instrument for comorbid conditions diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV in 171 primarily military personnel with alcohol use disorders. Several approaches to applying receiver operating characteristic analysis to this problem are demonstrated. Although these results require replication in other populations, the SCL-90-R performed well in predicting comorbid conditions, with an area under the curve of 0.88 for current and 0.85 for lifetime comorbid diagnoses. Self-report symptom checklists such as the SCL-90-R may be useful in screening substance rehabilitation patients for more detailed psychiatric assessment and may prove clinically useful in the assessment of alcoholic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Identifying the cutoff score for the PCL-R scale (psychopathy checklist-revised) in a Brazilian forensic population.

This study introduces a Portuguese-language version of psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R) [Harv. Mental Health Lett. 12 (1995) 4] in the Brazilian penitentiary system. Hare's scale is used extensively in many other countries. In a forensic population sample of 56 male subjects classified as psychopaths and non-psychopaths [Manual for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, Multi-Health System, Toronto, 1991], 33 correlated to global personality disorder (GPD) and 23 to partial personality disorder (PPD), respectively, subtypes of antisocial personality disorder [Manual for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, Multi-Health System, Toronto, 1991]. Subjects were evaluated through psychiatric and neurological examinations, review of judicial records, Rorschach and PCL-R. A control group of 30 subjects without criminological or psychiatric history was also evaluated with the same instruments. PCL-R validation and identification of cutoff score for Psychopathy (GPD group) was assessed through the concurrent use of the Rorschach. PCL-R cutoff score for the Brazilian population was set at 23. Sensitivity was determined at 84.8%, and reliability was high (Kappa index = 0.87). GPD individuals were characterized as clearly psychopathic according to PCL-R criteria while PPD individuals can only be considered mildly psychopathic, with better chance of rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Compliance with the CONSORT checklist in obstetric anaesthesia randomised controlled trials.

The Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) checklist is an evidence-based approach to help improve the quality of reporting randomised controlled trials. The purpose of this study was to determine how closely randomised controlled trials in obstetric anaesthesia adhere to the CONSORT checklist. We retrieved all randomised controlled trials pertaining to the practice of obstetric anaesthesia and summarised in Obstetric Anesthesia Digest between March 2001 and December 2002 and compared the quality of reporting to the CONSORT checklist. The median number of correctly described CONSORT items was 65% (range 36% to 100%). Information pertaining to randomisation, blinding of the assessors, sample size calculation, reliability of measurements and reporting of the analysis were often omitted. It is difficult to determine the value and quality of many obstetric anaesthesia clinical trials because journal editors do not insist that this important information is made available to readers. Both clinicians and clinical researchers would benefit from uniform reporting of randomised trials in a manner that allows rapid data retrieval and easy assessment for relevance and quality.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The measurement of coping responses: validity of the Billings and Moos Coping Checklist.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the modified Coping Checklist. METHODS: Self-report questionnaires asking about coping responses and mental health were administered to 515 undergraduate university students and to 119 patients awaiting elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Confirmatory (CFA) and exploratory factor analyses (PCA) were used to summarize and describe coping responses. RESULTS: CFA indicated that the subscale structure originally proposed for the Coping Checklist did not adequately fit the data. Subsequent PCA resulted in four factors: (1) Positive reappraisal; (2) Seeking support; (3) Avoidance; and (4) Information seeking. Internal consistencies ranged between .41 and .62 and 12-week test-retest reliability ranged between .59 and .71. Evidence for the concurrent validity of the solution generated by PCA was demonstrated by low to moderate correlations between the four factors identified and demographic and psychosocial measures. CONCLUSION: Even with modifications to the Coping Checklist, it is recommended that researchers investigate alternative methods of assessing coping responses in health psychology settings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Convergent validity of the aberrant behavior checklist and behavior problems inventory with people with complex needs.

The current study aimed to replicate and extend Rojahn et al. [Rojahn, J., Aman, M. G., Matson, J. L., & Mayville, E. (2003). The aberrant behavior checklist and the behavior problems inventory: Convergent and divergent validity. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24, 391-404] by examining the convergent validity of the behavior problems inventory (BPI) and the aberrant behavior checklist (ABC) for individuals presenting with multiple complex behavior problems. Data were collected from 69 children and adults with severe intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior living in residential establishments. MANCOVA analyses showed that individuals with elevated BPI stereotyped behavior subscale scores had higher scores on ABC lethargy and stereotypy subscales, while those with elevated BPI aggressive/destructive behavior subscale scores obtained higher scores on ABC irritability, stereotypy and hyperactivity subscales. Multiple regression analyses showed a corresponding pattern of results in the prediction of ABC subscale scores by BPI subscale scores. Exploratory factor analysis of the BPI data suggested a six-factor solution with an aggressive/destructive behavior factor, four factors relating to stereotypy, and one related to stereotypy and self-injury. These results, discussed with reference to Rojahn et al. [Rojahn, J., Aman, M. G., Matson, J. L., & Mayville, E. (2003). The aberrant behavior checklist and the behavior problems inventory: Convergent and divergent validity. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24, 391-404], support the existence of relationships between specific subscales of the two instruments in addition to an overall association between total scores related to general severity of behavioral disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Do the research goal and databases match? A checklist for a systematic approach.

To test the appropriateness of a given database for specific research questions, we designed a checklist starting with the definition of an ideal database. This ideal database contains all relevant data on patients, providers and services. It is safe and accessible, input is always accurate, continuity is guaranteed and linkage with other information is easy. Of course no such database exists. Still these features are often taken for granted, but highly influenced by organizational processes in healthcare and prioritization. Starting with the characteristics of an ideal database, one can systematically list the required aspects for research goals and compare these with the available systems. This checklist is used to address important aspects of administrative database research and ethical issues. The increasing possibility to misuse sensitive data needs to be discussed by researchers, administrators, individuals and society. This checklist can also be valuable to others to design or interpret studies based on claims databases.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2002

The reporting of methodological factors in randomized controlled trials and the association with a journal policy to promote adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist.

The "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" (CONSORT) was developed to improve the suboptimal reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, little is known about the quality of reporting since this publication. We undertook an observational study to determine the quality of reporting key methodological factors in RCTs since the publication of the CONSORT statement and if a journal policy to promote adherence to the CONSORT checklist was associated with superior reporting. We recorded the reporting of 11 key methodological factors in 105 RCTs from 29 medical journals published subsequent to the CONSORT statement. We examined the quality of reporting in relation to whether a journal was a "CONSORT promoter" as defined by inclusion of the CONSORT checklist in a journal's "information to authors" section or a requirement that authors, manuscript reviewers, or copy editors complete the CONSORT checklist. Multivariate analysis controlled for journal impact factor, study outcome, and time of publication. Six of the 11 methodological factors were reported <50% of the time. The number of methodological factors reported was greater in CONSORT promoters than in journals not promoting CONSORT in both unadjusted (6.0 and 5.1, respectively, p-value = 0.03) and adjusted (6.4 and 4.8 of the 11 methodological factors, respectively, p-value = 0.0001) analyses. While journals that promote CONSORT demonstrate superior reporting of RCTs, persistent inadequacies in reporting remain. Until these inadequacies are resolved health-care providers will remain limited in their ability to make informed inferences about the validity of the studies upon which they base their clinical practice.

Guideline Adherence↗