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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Patterned selection of mates in St. Ouen, Jersey, and the Scilly Isles examined by isonymy.

Within-lineage repeated-pair isonymy is calculated as RPW = sigma [Sij(Sij - 1)]/sigma [Si(Si - 1)], in which Sij is the number of a combination of two surnames in marriages (for total RPW, in both orders, brides first and also grooms first) and Si is the corresponding number of individuals of each surname (for total RPW of both sexes). In St. Ouen the 3479 native Jersey marriages between 1634 and 1914 yield a mean total RPW of 0.03314, which can be compared with a random isonymy (Ir) of 0.02205 and a marital isonymy (Im) of 0.04942. In the most recent time periods (1830-1914) there was an increase in RPW, but the increase is small if all marriages are considered rather than only native Jersey ones. In the Scilly Isles 2827 marriages between 1725 and 1975 yield a mean total RPW of 0.05127, which compares with a mean Ir of 0.01960 and an Im of 0.05238. In each kind of isonymy there is a decline over 1850-1975 caused by increased migration to the Scilly Isles. In the Scilly Isles RPW consistently approximately equals Im, so the nonrandom component of inbreeding is fully accounted for by factors that affect marital choice in the whole lineage. In St. Ouen, however, RPW is intermediate in value between Ir and Im, so the nonrandom component of inbreeding is only partly a lineage phenomenon and is also affected by other (individual) factors in choice of spouses.

Channel Islands↗
PubMed1986

Identification of women at high risk of breast cancer.

Prospective studies of risk factors for breast cancer have been carried out since 1961 on a normal population which now comprises some 15,000 women. Classical (anamnestic) factors such as ages at menarche, menopause, or at first child, post-menopausal weight and high parity are not strong determinants of risk. Measurements of various aspects of endocrine function are more successful in identifying women at risk, as is assessment of mammographic parenchymal patterns but, again, these variables are not effective enough to make an intervention strategy imperative. However, the combination of classical, endocrinological, and radiological factors appears to achieve this aim. A substantial sub-set of women who have a four-fold risk of breast cancer may be identifiable.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hospital-sponsored groups offer viable malpractice insurance.

Hospital - sponsored insurance organizations can offer their members many advantages, especially reasonable and stable malpractice insurance coverage and premium rates. To do so, they must ensure their financial stability through the support of the insured and through adequate reinsurance, compete effectively with commercial insurance companies, comply with federal regulations regarding reimbursement to hospitals for premiums, and develop effective internal management.

Bermuda↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applications of health care research to child health services: a problematic relationship.

The direct impact of community health surveys on clinical practice is, essentially, unknown. The importance of behavioral problems as an unmet child health need was demonstrated by studies in the Isle of Wight (UK) and Rochester, New York (USA). Follow-up reports suggest persistently inadequate recognition of such problems by samples of practitioners in these two places. Several American centers have evaluated the training and use of pediatric nurse practitioners in response to a perceived shortage of personnel and maldistribution of primary care for children. A comparison of surveys of American pediatric practices before and after these reports reveals persistent shortcomings in the degree of delegation of tasks to auxiliary personnel. General strategies to improve the responses of primary care practitioners to survey research findings are discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of the individual investigator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Hazards of commercial fishing.

The nature of their work exposes commercial fishermen, and their families, to exceptionally high risks of accident and illness. Increased efforts should be made to improve the health and safety record of the world's fishing industry.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

Snoring, asthma and sleep disturbance in Britain: a community-based survey.

A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of adults in eight locations throughout Britain, to investigate the prevalence of snoring, asthma and sleep complaints in community-based British adult. Of the 1,478 respondents (831 females, 647 males; mean +/- SD age 45 +/- 18 yrs), 37% reported snoring at least occasionally, and 11% reported snoring on at least four nights per week (frequent snorers). Frequent snorers reported spending less time asleep at night, falling asleep accidentally during the day more often, taking planned daytime naps, and falling asleep whilst driving or operating machinery more often than the other respondent. Using ordinal logistic regression analysis to allow for the age and sex of the respondents, both accidental daytime sleep and planned daytime naps were commoner in frequent snorers than other respondents. Six percent of all respondents and 6% of those aged under 40 yrs reported that they had asthma (asthmatics). Seven percent of respondents aged less than 40 yrs reported wheezing on three or more occasions per year, and had been prescribed oral or inhaled bronchodilators (young wheezers). More than 80% of the asthmatic respondents of all ages, and young wheezers, reported waking at night with wheeze at least occasionally, and more than 30% of each group reported this symptom frequently. A larger proportion of asthmatics and young wheezers reported that their night-time sleep was unrefreshing, and that they had too little sleep at night than the other respondents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Asthma↗
PubMed1975

Coagulocyte alterations in clotting hemolymph of Carausius morosus L.

1. The structural changes in the coagulocytes of Carausius morosus during hemolymph coagulation in vitro have been studied under the PCM and in the TEM. 2. In agreement with former PCM observations on Carausius morosus, the coagulocytes are the only hemocytes to induce coagulation of the plasma. Immediately or after a few seconds upon withdrawal of the hemolymph, their structural changes consist of a considerable enlargement of the perinuclear cysterna and of direct ejection into the plasma of nuclear and cytoplasmic substances through microruptures of the cytoplasmic membrane. The other categories of hemocytes do not contribute to the plasma coagulation. Their structural alterations take place without breakage of the cytoplasmic membrane when the plasma reactions are already established. 4. These plasma reactions appear in the form of circular islands of granular material around the coagulocytes, of extension of the coagulum in the channels between the islands and of transformation of the clot into a network of threads. 5. As reported in other studies in the TEM, no specific organelle characteristic of the coagulocyte ultrastructure could be found in the coagulocytes of Carausius. 6. Owing to the absence of any specific structural criterion of identification, the results suggest that the functional difference between coagulocytes and the other categories of hemocytes as regards coagulation of the plasma might be caused in part by differences of permeability of the cell membranes.

Animals↗