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PubMed1977

Positive interference with the Jaffé reaction by cephalosporin antibiotics.

Cephaloglycin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin, and cephacetrile are cephalosporin antibiotics that react with alkaline picrate solution to give a creatinine-like response. The mechanism of this reaction is not known, and several structurally similar compounds do not react under these same conditions. Because large quantities of a cephalosporin antibiotic may be administered to a patient with limited ability to excrete the drug (as occurs with compromised renal function), the magnitude of this interference can be appreciable. It does not appear possible to avoid the cephalosporin-caused interference by the use of "kinetic" creatinine methods.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1977

Tissue distribution and residues of beta-lactam antibiotics in normal dairy cows.

Tissue residues and concentrations of benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, cephapirin, and cephacetrile were determined in normal dairy cows after parenteral administration of several forms of these drugs. Assay methods included the Sarcina lutea Kidney Test of Van Schothorst, the Bacillus subtilis BGA Tests at pH 6.0 and 8.0, the Escherichia coli Test and a Sarcina lutea Test performed at pH 8.0 of the agar, and specific quantitative assay methods. The E. coli test method demonstrated an insensitivity for the beta-lactam antibiotic residues. Identical results in residue testing of meat and kidney were obtained with the B. subtilis BGA tests and S. lutea test at pH 8.0, and these test methods replicated each other. The S. lutea Kidney Test was very often positive at times after treatment when the antibiotics were no longer detected in the meat. The qualitative and quantitative residue data from the renal cortex were higher than the data obtained from the muscle meat. The concentration relationship between renal cortex and muscle meat dependent on the formulation and type of drug used, and on the time of sampling after treatment. After treatment with products containing ampicillin trihydrate and procaine penicillin an unexpectedly long persistence of these drugs in the renal cortex was observed. It is suggested that, in the case of beta-lactam antibiotics, meat tests are more accurate indicators for the residue status of the carcass.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The cephalosporin antibiotics in pediatric therapy.

The cephalosporins have been available for clinical use for nearly 20 years and a large number is presently marketed, including drugs with a wide range of different pharmacokinetic and microbiologic properties. While some of these agents have certain specific uses in which they excel, the cephalosporins have not replaced older antibiotics but do provide the physician with a broader range of choices for the treatment of many infections, allowing greater individualization of therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

The cephalosporins: activity and clinical use.

The cephalosporin antibiotics have been employed with increasing frequency since their introduction into clinical practice in the early 1960s. With the exception of cephaloridine, cephalosporin compounds are not associated with the production of significant untoward effects. The availability of newer cephalosporins, both oral and parenteral, with enhanced antibacterial activity, has expanded the clinical indications for administration of these antibiotics.

Cefaclor↗
PubMed1975

[Comparative study of the circulation of semisynthetic cephalosporins in the blood of rabbits].

Circulation of 4 semisynthetic cephalosporins, such as cephaloridin, cephalotin, cephradin and cephacetryl in the blood of rabbits after their intramuscular administration in single doses of 5 or 20 mg/kg was studied. The above antibiotics were satisfactorily absorbed into the blood reaching the maximum level within 15 to 30 minutes. The blood levels of cephalotin were the lowest and the rate of its elimination from the blood was higher than that of the other drugs. A four-fold increase in the doses of cephalosporins was not accompanied by a proportional increase in their levels in the rabbit blood, the time of the antibiotic circulation in the blood being not significantly changed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

On the pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antibiotics.

A review is given on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of some cephalosporin antibiotics. The use of the pharmacokinetic parameters serum concentration, serum protein binding, serum half life, and apparent volume of distribution as a basis for the selection of the clinically most effective cephalosporin derivative is discussed. It is concluded that these parameters must be used in conjunction with data on tissue distribution to specialized sites, and with information on antibacterial activity and toxicity.

Absorption↗