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Results for “Cancer Prognosis”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

P53 expression and polysomies of chromosome 9, 17 in head and neck cancer prognosis.

Sixty-nine cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemistry for p53 and chromosome in situ hybridization for chromosome 9 and 17 to determine the relationship between p53 expression and polysomies of chromosome 9 and 17 with the development of a second primary tumor as well as recurrence of primary tumor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We found early expression of p53 in the normal and premaligant lesions adjacent to tumor which was associated with a gradual increase in the fraction of positive nuclei as well as numbers of cancer. We also found statistically significant increments of polysomies of chromosome 9 and 17 in terms of the polysomy index seen through the histologic changes occurring during multistep tumorigenesis. Our results could not demonstrate statistically significant correlation between p53 expression and PI 9 and 17 in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, however, there was a strong correlation between p53 expression and second primary tumor as well as recurrence of primary tumor. The p53 expressed group had a seven fold increased incidence in developing second primary tumor and a two and a half times increased incidence for recurrence of primary tumor, compared to the non-expressed group. We conclude that p53 expression and polysomies of chromosome 9 and 17 have an important role in multistep tumorigenesis in HNSCC. There was no significant correlation between p53 expression and polysomies of chromosome 9 and 17. However, the expression of p53 was statistically significant for association with second primary tumor and recurrence of primary tumor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2003

Dynamic Cox modelling based on fractional polynomials: time-variations in gastric cancer prognosis.

The most popular model used for survival analysis is the proportional hazards regression model proposed by Cox. This is mainly due to its exceptional simplicity. Nevertheless the fundamental assumption of the Cox model is the proportionality of the hazards. For many applications, however, this assumption is doubtful. Proposals to extend the Cox model for non-proportional hazards to allow for dynamic effect structures usually either depend on prespecifications or require non-standard estimation techniques and are thus not favoured in application. Moreover, tests to verify the dynamic effect structures are not straightforward or lack omnibus power. In this paper we propose a flexible method for modelling dynamic effects in survival data within the Cox framework. The method is based on fractional polynomials as introduced by Royston and Altman. This allows for a transformation of the dynamic predictor which leads back to the conventional Cox model and hence fitting is straightforward using standard estimation techniques. In addition, it offers the possibility of easily verifying the existence of time-variation. We describe a model selection algorithm which selects time-varying effects only when evidence is given in the data. We illustrate the properties of the approach in a simulation study and compare it with other methods. In a survival study of gastric cancer patients, we apply the approach to analyse dynamic structures in the effects of prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Human papillomavirus in vulvar squamous-cell carcinoma and in normal vulvar tissues: a search for a possible impact of HPV on vulvar cancer prognosis.

Paraffin-embedded sections of vulvar squamous-cell carcinomas and of normal vulvar tissues were examined for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 33 by the polymerase chain reaction. Overall, 19 of 62 tumours harboured HPV DNA of types 16, 18 or 33. HPV types 6 and 11 were not detected. HPV DNA was found in 61% of tumours with adjacent intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN III), and in 13% of tumours without associated VIN III. HPV DNA was not detected in any of 101 normal vulvar tissues. HPV DNA was found more often in younger women, in patients with VIN III-associated tumours, and in those with multicentric anogenital neoplasia. This points to the existence of a subset of vulvar carcinomas preceded by intraepithelial neoplasia, with HPV as a major factor in carcinogenesis. HPV also seems to be an important factor in the development of multiprimaries in these patients. The 2 groups of patients with vulvar carcinoma did not differ with regard to prognosis, as estimated by the risk of recurrence after primary surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The role of computerized morphometric and cytometric feature analysis in endometrial hyperplasia and cancer prognosis.

In our hospital, quantitative cell and tissue analysis is routinely applied in endometrial (pre)malignancies. Reasons for this are higher accuracy, reproducibility and objectivity when compared to subjective assessment of type and grade, the possibility of detecting changes and differences, and better compatibility with clinical requests (two-class instead of three- or four-class system). Furthermore, prognostication is at least a good or better than with the usual subjective methods. Clinical prospective intervention trials are currently being set up.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Breast cancer prognosis in three different racial groups in relation to steroid hormone receptor status.

Follow-up studies on 466 patients over a 5-year period showed Whites to have an overall significantly longer disease-free interval and survival than Blacks and Asians. No racial differences in prognosis were seen in patients with Stage II disease (p greater than 0.2) but in Stage III, White patients had significantly longer disease-free periods than Blacks or Asians; the same was not true of survival. Whites had a 67% incidence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (CER) positive tumors compared with only 49% in Blacks and 41% in Asians. When tumors were assayed for CER, nuclear estrogen receptor (NER), and cytoplasmic progesterone receptor (CPR), there were no racial differences in the proportions of tumors containing all 3 receptors, but significant variations were found in neoplasms with no receptors and in those with apparently defective receptors. In White patients receptor status had no influence on prognosis (p greater than 0.3). Black patients whose tumors contained both CER and NER had a significantly better time to recurrence than those whose tumors lacked these receptors, while in Asian women the presence of CER alone, or CER together with NER, or CER, NER, and CPR, was indicative of a significantly longer disease-free period.

Breast Neoplasms↗