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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Heavy ion and cosmic radiation effects in different targets of the Arabidopsis seed.

The seed embryo of Arabidopsis thaliana, the favorite plant of up-to-date molecular developmental biology, represents a valuable model system for space radiation research with heavy ions. For several years, densely ionizing particles have been available for basic studies in nuclear physics and radiation biology through special accelerators as well as through space flight missions. Because of the great variability of the available radiation spectra, the induced relative biological effect (RBE-value) has to be differentiated with respect to the effective charge (z) and the linear energy transfer (LET) deposited in a certain volume of matter, and to the biological targets which differ in size, structure and function. The results of comparative studies of 8 space flight experiments, here by example show increasing damage produced by single heavy ions and/or cosmic background radiation (protons, neutrons, X-rays). These results offer new prospects for molecular investigation of the RBE of heavy ions in space.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1995

Formation of bioorganic compounds in planetary atmospheres by cosmic radiation.

Simulated planetary atmospheres (mixtures of simple gases) were irradiated with high energy particles to simulate an action of cosmic rays. When a mixture of carbon monoxide, nitrogen and water was irradiated with 2.8-40 MeV protons, a wide variety of bioorganic compounds including amino acids, imidazole, and uracil were identified in the products. The amount of amino acids was proportional to the energy deposit to the system. Various kinds of simulated planetary atmospheres, such as "Titan type" and "Jovian type", were also irradiated with high energy protons, and gave amino acids in the hydrolyzed products. Since cosmic rays are a universal energy source in space, it was suggested that formation of bioorganic compounds in planetary atmospheres is inevitable in the course of cosmic evolution.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1970

Current status of French research on the biological effects of heavy ions in cosmic radiation as observed in high-altitude balloons.

On casual inspection, cosmic rays may not be considered to pose a biological hazard. Nevertheless, the heavy ion component does produce a significant but very local irradiation. This has been confirmed by the hair whitening in black-haired animals. Experiments with black C 57 mice in balloons at 30,000 m altitude show white-haired tufts along the tracks of heavy ions. Histological and radioautographic studies were carried out; the results are reported. Similar investigations on black rabbits gave similar results and confirm those obtained previously with black mice. In the discussion, we report that tissue damage is amplified. This fact is not yet explained, but suggests reconsideration of the calculation of radiation dosage. The ionization distribution induced by heavy ions is analyzed. We point out that along their tracks the dosage is very important; therefore it is necessary to investigate their biological action, particle by particle, according to their energy and their charge.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of single exposure of the seeds of Lactuca sativa to heavy ions of galactic cosmic radiation at orbital manned space stations "Saliut-6" and "Saliut-7"].

This paper presents the results of measuring single heavy ions (HI) of galactic cosmic rays during 40- to 457-day flights of manned orbital stations Salyut-6 and Salyut-7. Cytogenetic analysis of Lactuca sativa seeds showed a significant increase of aberrant cells and cells with multiple chromosome aberrations in seeds hit with HI compared to non-hit++ seeds during flights of 123 to 457 days in duration. There was a good correlation between curves showing aberrant cells as a function of flight of the dose absorbed, viz. 16.0 to 63.4 mGy. These findings suggest a high biological effectiveness of heavy ions of galactic cosmic rays.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of solar cosmic radiation on the Meteor satellites].

The paper presents the results of examinations of solar cosmic rays recorded during 1969--1978 by Meteor satellites in the high latitude areas of the Earth magnetosphere. The purpose of the investigations is to develop methods for diagnosing and predicting the radiation environment in the near-Earth space. Morphological features of proton events, and their relationship with the characteristics of the source and the flare, the state of the interplanetary space and the magnetosphere are described.

Cosmic Radiation↗
PubMed2000

European measurements of aircraft crew exposure to cosmic radiation.

For more than 5 y, the European Commission has supported research into scientific and technical aspects of cosmic-ray dosimetry at flight altitudes in civil radiation. This has been in response to legislation to regard exposure of aircraft crew as occupational, following the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 60. The response to increased public interest and concern, and in anticipation of European and national current work, within a total of three multi-national, multi-partner research contracts, is based on a comprehensive approach including measurements with dosimetric and spectrometric instruments during flights, at high-mountain altitudes, and in a high-energy radiation reference field at CERN, as well as cosmic-ray transport calculations. The work involves scientists in the fields of neutron physics, cosmic-ray physics, and general dosimetry. A detailed set of measurements has been obtained by employing a wide range of detectors on several routes, both on subsonic and supersonic aircraft. Many of the measurements were made simultaneously by several instruments allowing the intercomparison of results. This paper presents a brief overview of results obtained. It demonstrates that the knowledge about radiation fields and on exposure data has been substantially consolidated and that the available data provide an adequate basis for dose assessments of aircraft crew, which will be legally required in the European Union after 13 May 2000.

Aircraft↗