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PubMed1996

Mutations in the pore region of ROMK enhance Ba2+ block.

The sequence of the hydrophobic "P" (pore) region of a K(+)-selective channel from the kidney (ROMK2) was altered to match that of the closely related inward rectifier (IRK1) channel by changing two amino acids, leucine (L) 117 and valine (V) 121, to isoleucine (I) and threonine (T), respectively. The mutant channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes had an apparent inhibition constant at zero voltage [Ki(0)] in the presence of Ba2+ of 0.07 +/- 0.01 mM, which was more than 50 times lower than the Ki(0) of the wild-type channel (4.7 +/- 1.0 mM). The increased sensitivity to Ba2+ was accounted for by the point mutation V121T. Single-channel measurements indicated that the increased affinity involved an increase in the on-rate for Ba2+ block and a decrease in the off-rate. Block by Ca+ was also enhanced. The single-channel conductance of the L1171/ V121T mutant was increased by 50%, whereas the degree of inward rectification, ion selectivity, and apparent affinity for K+ were essentially unchanged. When the neutral asparagine residue within the second putative membrane-spanning domain of the ROMK channel was substituted with aspartic acid, the corresponding amino acid in IRK1, the degree of inward rectification was enhanced but Ba2+ block and single-channel inward conductance were unaffected. Thus the site of Ba2+ binding appears to be distinct from the locus of internal Mg2+ block and from at least one of the sites that determines K+ conjuctivity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Permanent changes of ventricular contractility and compliance in chronic volume overload.

Left ventricular volume overload (LVVO) has been created in 18 dogs by anastomosing a Dacron conduit between the infrarenal abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The dogs previously were instrumented so that in the awake state LV pressure, systemic arterial pressure, LV dP/dt, myocardial segment length and excursion, and coronary and renal artery velocities could be monitored. The animals were stressed with separate infusions of alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic agonists. Both at rest and with stress, over a 12-wk period, preejection, ejection, and contractility indices decreased. Left ventricular compliance decreased as exemplified by the increased ratio of end-diastolic pressure to end-diastolic length. The shunt was ablated in 7 dogs, and monitoring in conjuction with alpha- and beta-adrenergic stress foan additional 12 wk demonstrated an initial improvement in the previous indices. However, the amelioration plateaued and values similar to the control state were not attained. This suggests that potentially permanent alterations in ventricular function and compliance have occurred.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1996

Short-course intravenous antibiotics with oral quinolone prophylaxis in the treatment of neutropenic fever in autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant recipients.

The effectiveness of short-course intravenous antibiotics concurrent with prophylactic oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of neutropenic fever was studied in 81 patients undergoing autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (ABMT or PBPCT). During the neutropenic period following ABMT or PBPCT, 10/81 (12%) patients did not require treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Seventy-one patients required antibiotics. Forty-seven of the 71 (66%) responded to 72 h treatment with gentamicin, azlocillin or ceftazidime, and vancomycin. Thirty-three of the 47 (70%) responders had a complete resolution of their fever with no further recurrence. Fourteen of the 47 responders developed a second fever between 2 and 25 days after stopping first-line antibiotics. Eleven of the 14 patients responded to a second course of intravenous antibiotics. Twenty-four of the 71 patients did not respond to intravenous antibiotics and were treated with intravenous amphotericin and the intravenous antibacterial agents were discontinued. Eighteen of the 24 patients responded to amphotericin. The 6 patients who had persistent fever resolved their temperature when their neutrophil count recovered. There were no deaths due to infection during the study. Short-duration intravenous antibiotics in conjuction with oral ciprofloxacin prophylaxis are a safe and effective treatment for neutropenic fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructural visualization of virus-induced surface antigens. Comparative studies of three immunohistochemical techniques.

Three immunohistochemical techniques used for ultrastructural localization of cell surface antigens were compared with respect to ease of reagent preparation and qualitative aspects of cell surface staining. The techniques compared were: (a) ferritin-conjugated antibody, (b) "hybrid" antibody and (c) a modification of the "bridging" technique which employs soluble immune complexes. Used in conjuction with strain MC29 avian oncornavirus-infected chick embryo cells and chicken antiviral immune serum, the results of all three techniques were comparable. In terms of ease of preparation, the "bridging" technique employing soluble complexes was found to be the most satisfactory.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Immunological assays for chemokine detection in in-vitro culture of CNS cells.

Herein we review the various methods currently in use for determining the expression of chemokines by CNS cells in vitro. Chemokine detection assays are used in conjuction with one another to provide a comprehensive, biologically relevant assessment of the chemokines which is necessary for correct data interpretation of a specific observed biological effect. The methods described include bioassays for soluble chemokine receptors, RNA extraction, RT-PCR, Real - time quantitative PCR, gene array analysis, northern blot analysis, Ribonuclease Protection assay, Flow cytometry, ELISPOT, western blot analysis, and ELISA. No single method of analysis meets the criteria for a comprehensive, biologically relevant assessment of the chemokines, therefore more than one assay might be necessary for correct data interpretation, a choice that is based on development of a scientific rationale for the method with emphasis on the reliability and relevance of the method.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Liposarcoma of the larynx: a multicentric or a metastatic malignancy.

The third case of liposarcoma of the larynx, this one arising from the preepiglottic space, is presented. The report is unique in so far as the patient previously had been treated for a liposarcoma in another anatomic region. The diagnosis in this case was in doubt until electron microscopic studies were done. Since the histopathology of the laryngeal and the previous liposarcoma were different, the question of metastasis versus multicentricity was raised. Other discussions of liposarcomas over the past three decades have not resolved this aspect of their behavior completely. In this instance, after considering avenues of metastatic spread in conjuction with the histopathology, it would appear that the laryngeal lesion was a second primary and not a metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A multiple-channel cochlear implant: an evaluation using open-set CID sentences.

A multiple-channel cochlear implant and speech processor have been used in two postlingually deaf adult patients with a total hearing loss, to enable them to perceive varying degrees of running speech. The results have veen confirmed with open-set CID everyday sentence tests. Using the implant alone, the patients obtained 8% and 14% scores with prerecorded material, and 34% and 36% scores for "live" presentations. This was equivalent to the perception of 35% of connected discourse. When the implant was used in conjuction with lipreading, improvements of 188% and 386% were obtained over lipreading alone, and the scores were 68% and 98% which were equivalent to the perception of 60% and 95% of connected discourse.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lupus nephritis in children: a longitudinal study of prognostic factors and therapy.

There are only a few studies in the pediatric literature that have analyzed risk factors for renal failure in childhood lupus nephritis. This study reviewed the outcome of 56 children (4 to 18 yr of age) with lupus nephritis seen at the authors' institution over a 27-yr period (1965 to 1992), in relation to risk factors and therapy. All children underwent percutaneous renal biopsy before the institution of therapy. From 1965 to 1987, treatment for Class III and IV lupus nephritis consisted of high-dose pulse methylprednisolone, 500 mg daily for 10 days, followed by oral prednisone. From 1987 to 1992, IV cyclophosphamide was given monthly for 6 months and then every 3 months for a period of 3 yr for patients with Class III and Class IV disease. Of 56 children, 42% had Class IV and 21% had Class III histology at onset. The mean follow-up period was 4 yr and ranged from 0.5 to 20.3 yr. Life-table analysis showed that the cumulative proportion of patients surviving was 82.8% at 5 yr and 67.7% at 10 yr. Renal survival was 44.4% at 5 yr and 29% at 10 yr, after the initial diagnosis of lupus nephritis was made. Age at diagnosis, race, sex, initial serum creatinine level, and the presence of proteinuria, hypertension, and DNA antibody titers were reviewed with respect to disease progression, as was the histological class at diagnosis. The effect of the different therapies was also examined. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association of progression to ESRD with an elevated serum creatinine level (P = 0.021), decreased C3 complement (P = 0.024), hypertension (P = 0.053), and histological classification of Class IV lupus nephritis (P = 0.031). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that progression to ESRD was independently associated with an initial Class IV histology (relative risk, 1.78; P < 0.003), hypertension at presentation (relative risk, 1.67; P < 0.003), and a low C3 complement level in conjuction with a high creatinine level (relative risk, 1.52; P < 0.028). Among children with lupus nephritis, those with Class IV disease, hypertension, high creatinine levels, and low C3 complement levels at the time of diagnosis are at increased risk for ESRD. Initial histological classification of lupus nephritis was the most reliable prognostic factor for disease progression. This study was unable to detect a difference in outcome for the two treatment groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of pluronic polyols as carriers for grafting materials: study in rat calvaria defects.

BACKGROUND: Pluronic polyols are a family of non-ionic surfactants currently used as drug carriers for antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic agents. Therapeutic administration of non-ionic surface-active agents is known to facilitate early collagen synthesis and microcirculation, thus promoting wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo effects of pluronic polyols combined with either an allograft or an alloplast on the healing of critical-sized calvarial defects. METHODS: One hundred fifty (150) adult (95 to 105 days old) male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 375 and 425 g were randomly and evenly assigned to each of 15 separate treatment groups and anesthetized, and 8 mm calvarial critical-sized defects were created. Pluronic F-68 (F-68) or pluronic F-127 (F-127) was administered either topically or systemically and in conjuction with demineralized bone powder (DBP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), or non-grafted controls. Pluronic polyols are easily mixed with either DBP or TCP to improve handling ease. Calvaria were harvested at 12 weeks postsurgery and evaluated histomorphometrically, by contact radiography with subsequent densitometric analysis, through energy spectrometry utilizing a scanning electron microscope, and by fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the percentage of bone fill among the control, TCP, and DBP only groups, P <0.05. The only significant difference within any of these groups was between the TCP control and TCP plus systemic F-127, P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were isolated differences, the overall trend was that the pluronic polyol and the mode of administration did not result in a significant change in bone wound healing as measured by the percentage of bone fill. Pluronic polyols may be considered as carriers for osseous graft materials.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

Parietal cheiro-oral syndrome.

Cheiro-oral syndrome due to a parietal lesion has been reported in conjuction with a brain tumor, infarction and migraine. Only six reports of cheiro-oral syndrome due to a parietal infarction have been reported to date. We treated a 45-year-old woman with cheiro-oral syndrome due to a parietal infarction. Her sensory disturbance was characterized by paresthesia in the lower face and hand on the left side, and severe involvement of stereognosis and graphesthesia in the left hand. The pathogenesis of parietal cheiro-oral syndrome is discussed.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1996

Saline MR peritoneography.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe a new method for the evaluation of peritoneal surfaces in patients with intraperitoneal carcinomatosis and sarcomatosis. CONCLUSION: Fast spin-echo T2-weighted imaging in conjuction with intraperitoneally instilled saline permits detailed evaluation of peritoneal surfaces, omentum, and mesenteries. The detection of tumor implants is facilitated by their visualization against the saline background. Additionally, normal and abnormal saline distribution patterns can be identified. This technique may also be useful in predicting response to intraperitoneally instilled chemotherapy.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Acute red eye. Differentiating viral conjunctivitis from other, less common causes.

Adenoviral conjuctivitis is one of the most common causes of acute red eye. Other diagnostic considerations include herpes virus conjunctivitis, chlamydial conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and various other less common infections. Careful history taking can help in identifying a viral cause. The presentation may range from a minor conjunctivitis resulting from an upper respiratory tract infection to a serious, debilitating epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Local care and interventions to minimize transmission are the cornerstones of management. Infection is usually self-limiting. Warm soaks and artificial tear lubricants may relieve itching and burning. Patients should be instructed to avoid touching their eyes, wash hands often, use disposable towels, and avoid group activities for as long as an ocular discharge is present. Use of topical corticosteroids or antibacterial preparations can lead to complications, and injudicious use of topical corticosteroids may mask serious conditions that require other interventions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The ocular health status of postprimary school children in Kaduna, Nigeria: report of a survey.

In a study of 5,220 postprimary school children in Nigeria, 10.36% had one or more ophthalmic defects requiring attention. The common problems encountered were conjuctivitis, refractive errors, and muscle imbalance, most of which were either intermittent or incomitant. Low degree myopia is common even though high myopia is not frequently seen. Old uveitis and corneal opacities were found to cause gross visual defects in some students and early macular degeneration was detected in nin students. The responsibility of the school medical officer in treating early infective cases and in referring other more complicated cases to hospital is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Determination of site of infection in endocarditis.

Medical-surgical treatment of antibiotic refractory endocarditis requires determination of the site of infection, which is not always possible with conventional cardiac catheterization. The cases of two patients with right-sided endocarditis who survived after combined medical-surgical therapy are presented. One had persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and three possible sites of infection. Multiple quantitative blood cultures proximal and distal to each suspected site indicated the pulmonary valve alone was infected. The second had sustained bacteremia with three enteric organisms and no apparent valvular abnormality. Quantitative cultures excluded the abdomen as the continuing source of bacteremia and suggested the tricuspid valve was infected. This was confirmed by a second catheterization using multiple cultures in conjuction with dye dilution studies, intracardiac phonocardiography, and angiography. These bacteriologic and cardiologic techniques may be especially useful in detecting right-sided endocarditis and may also be helpful in detecting concomitant infection of both sides of the heart.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[N-nitroso compounds. Analysis and possible carcinogenicity in man].

Much work has been carried out on N-nitroso compounds but their role in human pathology has still to be elucidated. We cannot extrapolate experimental data to the human situation but we do have indirect evidence that nitroso compounds can be carcinogens in man. Although some nitrosamines are organ-specific, the nitroso group induces the development of many different types of cancer in animals It is probable that the same phenomenon occurs in human pathology, and we cannot therefore expect to have special case reports on their carcinogenicity in man. Therefore, an alternative approach to the study of the role of nitrosamines in human pathology would be to establish a correlation between cancer morbidity in some regions and amounts of N-nitroso compounds in the environment. In view of the complexity of the problem of in vivo nitrosamine formation, it is more realistic nowadays to measure exogenous nitrosamines. Many laboratories are currently engaged on studies on N-nitroso compounds, although systematic information on their presence in the environment is scant. Furthermore, the data acquired by different laboratories has been obtained using a variety of methods for sampling, storage, clean-up and identification and estimation, with the result that it is not known to what extent these results are comparable.Therefore, the standardization and determination of comparability of methods for the identification of N-nitroso compounds is the first step towards their quantitation in the environment. Adequate methods are now available for the determination of volatile nitrosamines, down to the mug/dg level, but methods for non-volatile nitrosamines are still in the development stages. In order to avail all interested laboratories of information on analytical methods for volatile nitrosamines, IARC's analytical chemistry laboratory has organized a three part collaborative study using samples of canned luncheon meat. The results of this study were encouraging, and the European Sub-Committee for the Guidance of Collaborative Studies, at its last meeting, recommended that such studies be continued and extendedto include non-volatile nitrosamines. In parallel with the perfection of analytical techniques, IARC has initiated studies on the measurement of volatile nitrosamines in the environment in conjuction with the epidemiological studies on oesophageal cancer at present being carried out. The data collected up to now is far from being complete but it is important in that it represents the first step towards the evaluation of the risk to health of N-nitroso compounds, which constitute a part of the total carcinogenic load in the human environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Pharmacological treatment of neurotic depressions].

Neurotic depression covers all forms triggered by exogenous factors, often in conjuction with an underlying personality disposition, and includes reactive, exhaustion and neurotic depression. A feeling of sadness and loss of affection is generally present, together with anxiety provoked by insecurity and apprehension. The complexity of the picture makes treatment of the overall situation difficult with one drug only. For this reason, a series of 25 patients aged 31 to 67 yr with syndromes classifiable as neurotic depression were treated with 2 to 6 daily administrations of an association of 25 nortryptiline and 1 mg trifluoperazine. Analysis of the behaviour of a number of target symptoms showed the effectiveness of the association. There were virtually no side-effects. Success was obtained in the management of anxiety, loss of appetite, depression, irritability, weeping, failure to adapt, and remissiveness, especially in the first week of treatment.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1999

Clinical laboratory monitoring of a synthetic antithrombin agent, argatroban, using high performance liquid chromatography and functional methods.

BACKGROUND: Argatroban is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of thrombin which is in clinical trials for thrombotic complications. Clot-based assays measure the cumulative anticoagulant effect of argatroban and its metabolites(s). To monitor the absolute concentrations of argatroban, a specific HPLC method was developed. METHODS: Validation studies included normal volunteers administered with escalating doses of argatroban (ARG 102 Study), patients undergoing coronary interventional procedures (ARG 310), and patients receiving argatroban in conjuction with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction (ARG 230). Plasma samples were extracted with acetonitrile and reconstituted in a mobile phase. UV detection was made at 333 nm. Calibratrion curves were prepared with known standards of argatroban in normal human plasma. RESULTS: The retention time for argaeroban was 6.0+/-0.5 min and the extraction efficiency was >98% (r2=0.99). In the ARG102 Study, argatroban levels were: 0.84+/-0.23 (day 1), 1.55+/-0.34 (day 2), 2.92+/-0.15 (day 3), and 3.04+/-0.49 (day 4). In the ARG310 trial, the mean argatroban levels were: 0.23+0.09 microg/ml (preinfusion), 5.77+/-0.92 microg/ml (postinfusion/intraprocedure), and 2.23+/-0.29 microg/ml (postprocedure). In the ARG 230 Study, the mean argatroban levels at 2-8 hrs were between 1.5-2.0 microg/ml. Upon completion of the infusion, a time-dependent clearance of argatroban was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Since heparinization, hemodilution and hypofibrinogenemia due to thrombolysis influence the clotting tests, absolute quantitation of argatroban by HPLC in these patients provides a more reliable means of monitoring this anticoagulant and helps in the dosage-optimization of this agent. The current HPLC method is of value in the monitoring of patients who are simultaneously administered with thrombolytic drugs.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2000

Juxtacortical osteosarcoma. A distinct malignant bone neoplasm.

The purpose of this report is the study of a malignant bone tumor of similar histological picture with conventional (intramedullary) osteosarcoma. Contributing factors in the study of juxtacortical osteosarcoma are the clinical, X-ray and histologic pictures. A case of parosteal osteosarcoma in a 28-year-old male is reported. In conjuction with X-ray findings we review the histological characteristics of the tumor through serial sections of the peripheral, central and parosteal parts and the findings are described in detail. In addition to the histological findings, differential diagnosis and prognosis are also discussed. From the general study of the tumor it has been shown that juxtacortical osteogenic sarcoma behaves differently in contrast to classic osteosarcoma, depending on the degree of differentiation of the tumor.

Adult↗