Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “COMMUNICATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Teaching partner-focused questions to individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication to enhance their communicative competence.

A single-subject, multiple-probe experimental design was used to investigate the effect of instruction on the acquisition, generalization, and long-term maintenance of partner-focused questions (i.e., questions about communication partners and their experiences) by individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Six participants who had severe speech impairments and used AAC participated in the study; they ranged in age from 10 to 44 years, had a variety of disabilities, and used a range of AAC systems. Instruction used a least-to-most prompting hierarchy in real-world interactions and during simulations. All of the participants successfully learned to ask partner-focused questions spontaneously in social interactions; they required an average of approximately 6 hours of instruction (range: 3-11 hours). The participants generalized the use of partner-focused questions to new situations in the natural environment and maintained use of partner-focused questions at least 2 months postinstruction; one participant required some "booster" instructional sessions 4 weeks postinstruction to maintain her long-term use of partner-focused questions. The participants all reported high levels of satisfaction with the outcomes of the instructional program, as did their facilitators. Members of the general public, blind to the goals of the study, judged the majority of the participants to be more competent communicators after instruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A strategy to improve communication between health care professionals and people living with cancer. I. Improvement of teaching and assessment of doctor-patient communication in Canadian medical schools.

A task force was established by the Canadian Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute of Canada to make recommendations aimed at improving communication between health care professionals and people living with cancer. An annotated bibliography of the research literature on the subject was commissioned by the task force. This was followed by a research workshop. With this background, the task force organized a workshop on "The Teaching and Assessment of Communication Skills in Canadian Medical Schools." Participants included expert panelists; senior faculty from all Canadian medical schools; representatives from patient and ethnic groups, faculties of nursing and social work, the Canadian licensing and accrediting bodies, the College of Family Physicians of Canada, and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. A consensus statement regarding general principles, recommendations, and requirements for implementation of improved teaching and assessment of doctor-patient communication in Canadian medical schools was produced and circulated widely throughout Canada. The initial response to this initiative has been positive.

Canada↗
PubMed2006

Short communication: Strengthening sub-national communicable disease surveillance in a remote Pacific Island country by adapting a successful African outbreak surveillance model.

Successful communicable disease surveillance depends on effective bidirectional information flow between clinicians at the periphery and communicable disease control units at regional, national and global levels. Resource-poor countries often struggle to establish and maintain the crucial link with the periphery. A simple syndrome-based outbreak surveillance system initially developed and evaluated in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa was adapted for the Pacific island nation of Tuvalu. Eight syndromes were identified for surveillance: acute flaccid paralysis (poliomyelitis), profuse watery diarrhoea (cholera), diarrhoea outbreak, dysentery outbreak, febrile disease with abdominal symptoms and headache (typhoid), febrile disease with generalized non-blistering rash (measles), febrile disease with intense headache and/or neck stiffness with or without haemorrhagic rash (meningococcal meningitis), and outbreaks of other febrile diseases of unknown origin. A user-oriented manual, the Tuvalu Outbreak Manual (http://www.wepi.org/books/tom/), was developed to support introduction of the surveillance system. Nurses working in seven outer island clinics and the hospital outpatient department on the main island rapidly report suspected outbreaks and submit weekly zero-reports to the central communicable disease control unit. An evaluation of the system after 12 months indicated that the Outbreak Manual was regarded as very useful by clinic nurses, and there was early evidence of improved surveillance and response to the disease syndromes under surveillance.

Cholera↗
PubMed1999

Chaplains' communications with Latino patients: case studies on non-verbal communication.

Introduces non-Latino chaplains to aspects of non-verbal communications dynamics one may encounter with some Latino patients. Illustrates through vignettes issues of non-verbal communications. Compares and contrasts classical understandings of professional etiquette to Latino views. Provides specific "insights" into the communication styles among some Latinos. Includes a list of non-verbal messages and their generic interpretations.

Clergy↗
PubMed2001

A direct assessment of the relation between shared knowledge and communication in a referential communication task.

The present paper introduces a way to document quantitatively the changing relation between shared knowledge and communication over time. It is often assumed that people engaged in prolonged interaction come to share more knowledge over the course of interaction, and, further, it is assumed that this increase in shared knowledge enables them to communicate more efficiently with each other. In Experiments 1 and 2, this assumption was evaluated by monitoring the participants' knowledge of the experimental stimuli and their estimates about each other's knowledge periodically during several trials of a referential communication task. The results confirmed that participants developed more shared knowledge over the course of interaction, and that their estimates about shared knowledge become more accurate over successive trials. Experiment 3 was conducted in order to examine whether the use of intervening questionnaires in the earlier experiments prompted the participants to behave differently than they otherwise would. Although the use of the questionnaires encouraged a more active exchange of information, the overall pattern of behavior exhibited by the participants was not affected by this procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Networking, coping, and communicating about a medical crisis: a phenomenological inquiry of transplant recipient communication.

Through a phenomenological framework, the authors attempt to shed light on the communication processes of organ transplant recipients when discussing transplantation and related topics. Eight essential themes (awareness, support, commitment, pride, education, mentoring, comparison, and community) emerged from 37 participants as central to the communicative experiences of transplant recipients and their families. Additional insight was generated through a 2nd tier of focus group discussions resulting in a proposed model of transplant recipient communication. An interpretation of the model, implications for future research, and implications for praxis are presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Determining decision-making capacity in individuals with severe communication impairments after stroke: the role of augmentative-alternative communication (AAC).

A speech-language pathologist and occupational therapist specializing in assistive technology were requested to assess an individual 2 years post hemorrhagic lesion in his brainstem, with significant medial issues, limited expressive communication skills, and motor function. The family wanted to determine if he had an adequate quality of life and whether he could provide informed consent if asked about the continuation or withdrawal of medical treatment to maintain his life. Issues discussed include determining competency for decision making regarding quality of life with individuals who cannot speak, write, or type, and what role the speech-language pathologist and occupational therapist can play in attempting to find these answers. A means of communication for this individual was identified that allowed him to provide information related to his preferences including physical state. Use of appropriate augmentative-alternative communication equipment and techniques became the means to further explore more complex medical decisions for this individual.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Communication and type A coronary-prone behavior: preliminary studies of expressive and instrumental communication.

This paper reports two studies of the expressive and instrumental characteristics of communication associated with the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. Using Norton's communicators' style instrument to measure expressive behavior of college students, Study 1 with 50 men and 79 women showed that Type A persons are more dominant, contentious, precise, animated, and dramatic communicators than Type B persons. Study 2 with 48 men and 80 women yielded no differences in the use of persuasive strategies by Type A and Type B college undergraduates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[A new portable communication test (mini-communication test) for dementia].

To evaluate verbal communication ability in the elderly, we developed a new portable "mini-communication test (MCT)" with 13 sub-scales, which was constructively validated based on 45 items from other reported scales. Clinical reliability and validity were tested in 354 inpatients in a long-term care hospital (81.9 +/- 8.3 years old) and 124 inpatients (80.39 +/- 8.1 years old) and 34 outpatients (76.5 +/- 7.0 years old) in Kyorin University Hospital. All patients were evaluated in approximately 7 minutes each. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.99. Inter-rater coefficient of variation was 0.107. The Cronbach alpha value of the test was 0.93. MCT positively correlated with the Barthel Index (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Hasegawa Dementia Scale Revised version (r = 0.93, p < 0.001) and Vitality Index (r = 0.66, p < 0.01). MCT could be a new tool to assess communication ability in elderly patients with or without dementia.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Is communication a skill? Communication behaviors and being in relation.

Patient-physician communication has been conceptualized as both a skill and as a way of mindful "being in relation" to the other. Summarizing research and theoretical analyses, the two approaches are differentiated. The skill-focused approach to communicative competence relies heavily on observed behaviors; the mindful being-in-relation approach emphasizes the perceived effects of the relationship on the participants. The distinctions between these two approaches are important to teaching and research. Teaching can, and should, focus on both changing behaviors and on the personal development of mindfulness in the learner. Research methods should routinely include both observer and participant responses. Reconciling these two views supports the thesis that good communication is both a skill and a way of being, that it is both innate and teachable, and that it must be cultivated by integrated methods of teaching and research.

Communication↗
PubMed2003

The Sexual Communication Scale: a measure of frequency of sexual communication between parents and adolescents.

This study reports on the psychometric properties of a brief instrument that can be used in research or practice to measure the frequency of communication about sexual matters between parents and adolescents: The Sexual Communication Scale (SCS). The instrument was designed to assess communication between a mother/mother-figure and an adolescent and between a father/father-figure and an adolescent. The instrument, which contains 20 items for mothers and the same 20 for fathers, addresses sexual topics ranging from dating to sexual intercourse to homosexuality to HIV/AIDS. The sample used to establish reliability and validity of the SCS consisted of 158 males and females, who were primarily Caucasian, suburban, low to upper middle socioeconomic status, and in the 9th through 12th grades. Factor analyses revealed a strong unidimensional construct. Further, internal consistency was found to be very high. In sum, the SCS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Evaluating public relations effectiveness in a health care setting. The identification of communication assets and liabilities via a communication audit.

The practice of public relations has experienced tremendous growth and evolution over the past 25 years, especially in the area of medical public relations. The constant changes in health care delivery have often led to increased need for communication with important publics. At the same time, practitioners in all fields of public relations have explored methods of accurately measuring the effectiveness of public relations programs. One such method of evaluation is the communication audit. This paper includes a brief overview of the communication audit concept followed by a case study based on an audit conducted for a small, multicultural non-profit health-care agency. Steps taken to conduct the audit and the methodology used are discussed. An analysis of the data is used to address two research questions regarding the efficacy of the Center's mission and vision. Suggestions for future audits are provided.

Communication↗
PubMed1985

[Communication in functional and dysfunctional families with adolescent children. II. Nonverbal communication].

This research focuses on family communications during the critical period of children's puberty provoked change. Two groups of families are compared: one group of 15 "functional" families (no psychological counseling has been requested) and one group of 15 "dysfunctional" families (a psychological counseling has been requested for one of the adolescents). The micro-analysis of the non-verbal communication reveals structural differences between the family systems. This fits with the differences revealed by the analysis of the verbal communications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Communication in functional and dysfunctional families with adolescent children. III. Evaluation of the relation of verbal and nonverbal communications].

This study analyzes communication in families with one or more adolescent children, thus undergoing a critical period of transition. Two groups are compared: a group of 11 "functional" families (no child referral for psychological problems) and a group of 11 "dysfunctional" families (one adolescent child referral for psychological problems). The analysis of relationships between verbal and non-verbal communication indicates that more inter-channel congruence is achieved in "functional" families; this holds for individual as well as for inter-partners interactions. The results of the previously published separate analysis of verbal and non-verbal communication are briefly resumed. The findings of the study as a whole are interpreted in terms of the General Systems Theory with regard to the function of "parental framing" of the child's development.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steps in planning and developing health communication campaigns: a comment on CDC's framework for health communication.

This reviews the efforts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to integrate effective health communication into its programs that are designed to change behaviors. Although the 10-step framework for developing and implementing the Centers' health communication programs is both practical and comprehensive, it is suggested that a reversal of steps 2 and 3 is a more logical sequence, is more consistent with the literature and, more importantly, could avoid misapplications of the framework by less experienced practitioners. Comment is also made on the dynamic nature of health communication planning and development, a point not made explicit in the Centers' framework.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1996

Inclusive practices for children and youths with communication disorders. Ad Hoc Committee on Inclusion for students with Communication Disorders.

An array of inclusive service delivery models is recommended for the implementation of services to children and youths with communication disorders. Inclusive practices are intervention services that are based on the unique and specific needs of the individual, and provided in a context that is least restrictive. There are a variety of models through which inclusive practices can be provided, including a direct (pull-out) program, in classroom-based service delivery, community-based models, and consultative interventions. These models should be seen as flexible options that may change depending on student needs. The speech-language pathologist, in collaboration with parents, the student, teachers, support personnel, and administrators, is in the ideal position to decide the model or combination of models that best serves each individual student's communication needs. Implementation of inclusive practices requires consideration of multiple issues, including general education reform, cost effectiveness, and program efficacy. In addition, administrative and school system support, personnel qualifications, staff development, flexible scheduling, and the effects of inclusive practices on all learners need to be considered. At present, available research suggests guarded optimism for the effectiveness of inclusive practices. However, many critical questions have not yet been addressed and additional research is needed to assess the full impact of inclusive practices for students with communication disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Nurturing communication by health professionals toward patients: a communication accommodation theory approach.

This study explores the role of nurturing communication in distinguishing interpersonal and intergroup interactions between health professionals and patients, from the perspective of communication accommodation theory (CAT). Participants (47 men and 87 women) rated videotapes of actual hospital consultations on 12 goal and 16 strategy items derived from CAT. Health professionals in interpersonal interactions were perceived to pay more attention to relationship and emotional needs and to use more nurturant discourse management and emotional expression. These results point the way toward elucidating the perceived optimal balance in accommodative behavior, both group based and interpersonal, in these contexts, and they highlight the importance of nurturant communication to this process.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[Training of communication skills in stationary long care homes--the evaluation of a model project to develop communication skills and transfer it into practice].

The training of communication skills of professional caregivers in six homes for elderly people has been developed and evaluated in a model project. The purpose of the project was to strengthen the staff's orientation towards the residents, their needs, handicaps and abilities. Therefore, a series of 8 in-house training courses as well as procedures to establish the contents of the program into daily care-giving (transfer) have been developed and implemented with six teams during one year. The evaluation included interviews, questionnaires and observations and was realized with participants and non-participants of the program once before the implementation of the training program and once afterwards. We found evidence for positive effects of the training: although the staff's positive self perception of the climate of communication remained stable and mainly not affected by the training, this was contradictory to the observations. The way of giving information to the residents was improved by the training program as well as the quality of relations between staff and residents. Again, sending messages about oneself which are not care-oriented had not been affected by the training-as to the observations of care giving situations. Although the staff's self perception about the change of sending these messages was highly positive.Thus, the further development of the training program has to consider these effects.To establish the transfer of the training program into daily care giving, it proved to be helpful to specify exercises after each session which had to be carried out and discussed by the participants until the next training session.

Activities of Daily Living↗