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PubMed2006

Plasma pentosidine and total homocysteine levels in relation to change in common carotid intima-media area in the first year of dialysis therapy.

BACKGROUND: Homocysteine and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which accumulate in chronic kidney disease (CKD), are recently proposed cardiovascular risk factors. In this study, we evaluated the association between changes in calculated intima media (cIM) area of the common carotid artery during the first year of dialysis therapy and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level as well as circulating AGEs such as plasma pentosidine level. METHODS: We studied 63 CKD patients (38 males) aged 52 +/- 12 years at a time-point close to start of dialysis treatment and after 12 months of dialysis treatment (41 on peritoneal and 22 on hemodialysis). The tHcy and plasma pentosidine levels were measured by HPLC. Change in cIM area was evaluated by non-invasive B mode ultrasonography. Malnutrition was assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA). RESULTS: At basal, 70% of the patients had carotid plaques, 32% had symptomatic CVD, 38% had malnutrition, 30% had inflammation (CRP > or = 1 mg/dl) and 23% had diabetes mellitus, respectively. At baseline, the mean plasma pentosidine levels were similar in the patients with and without carotid plaques (36 +/- 21 vs 36 +/- 19 pmol/mg albumin, respectively), whereas the median plasma tHcy was significantly lower in the patients with carotid plaques than in the patients without carotid plaques (32 +/- 21 vs 52 +/- 42 pmol/l, p < 0.01, respectively). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (tHcy level > 13.7 micromol/l) was 95%. In univariate analysis, the change in cIM area during the first year of dialysis was significantly correlated with basal plasma pentosidine level (p = 0.31, p = 0.01), but not with basal tHcy (p = -0.11). However, neither pentosidine nor tHcy levels were correlated with cIM area at basal or at 12 months. In a stepwise multiple regression model, age and plasma pentosidine content, but not the tHcy level, associated with changes in the cIM area. CONCLUSION: Progression of atherosclerosis, as indicated by changes in carotid intima-media area during the course of dialysis treatment, was associated with pentosidine, but not with tHcy, levels at baseline in these CKD patients. This suggests that the accumulation of AGEs in CKD patients may have a role in the pathogenesis of CVD in these patients. Since almost all CKD patients have hyperhomocysteinemia, this finding, however, does not exclude a role ofhomocysteine as a risk factor for CVD in CKD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Combined 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine PET scans in patients with newly progressive metastatic prostate cancer.

UNLABELLED: Metastatic prostate cancer may respond initially to hormone suppression, with involution of tumor sites, but ultimate tumor progression is inevitable. Our aim was to detect the proportion of bone and soft-tissue lesions that represent metabolically active tumor sites in patients with progressive metastatic prostate cancer. METHODS: In a prospective study, we compared 18F-FDG and L-methyl-11C-methionine (11C-methionine) PET with conventional imaging modalities (CIM), which included the combination of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy, CT, or MRI. Twelve patients with prostate cancer, increasing levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and at least 1 site (index lesion) with new or increasing disease on CIM were studied. The total numbers of soft-tissue and bone-tissue lesions, in a site-by-site comparison, were calculated for all imaging modalities. RESULTS: The sensitivities of 18F-FDG PET and 11C-methionine PET were 48% (167/348 lesions) and 72.1% (251/348 lesions), respectively, with CIM being used as the 100% reference (348/348). 11C-Methionine PET identified significantly more lesions than 18F-FDG PET (P < 0.01). All 12 patients with progressive metastatic prostate cancer had at least 1 lesion site of active metabolism for 18F-FDG or 11C-methionine, which could be used as an index lesion to monitor the metabolic response to therapy. A significant proportion of lesions (26%) had no detectable metabolism of 18F-FDG or 11C-methionine. Although technical factors cannot be totally excluded, we believe that metabolically inactive sites may be necrotic or dormant. More than 95% (251/258) of metabolically active sites (72% of the total number of lesions detected by CIM) metabolize 11C-methionine. 18F-FDG uptake is more variable, with 65% of metabolically active sites (48% of the total number of lesions detected by CIM). CONCLUSION: These findings reflect the different biologic characteristics of the lesions in a heterogeneous tumor such as prostate cancer and suggest that a time-dependent metabolic cascade may occur in advanced prostate cancer, with initial uptake of 11C-methionine in dormant sites followed by increased uptake of 18F-FDG during progression of disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine on carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex in anesthetized rats and its mechanism].

The changes in carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex (CSR) performance induced by intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of histamine (HA) were investigated. The effects of pretreatment with HA receptors antagonists into the cerebroventricle or nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) on the responses of CSR to HA were also examined. Intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP)-mean arterial pressure (MAP) relationship curve was constructed by fitting to the logistic function with five parameters in 50 Wistar rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The left and right carotid sinus regions were isolated from the systemic circulation and the ISP was altered in a stepwise manner. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) i.c.v. injection of HA (100 ng) significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards and moved the middle part of ISP-Gain relationship curve downwards, and reduced the MAP range and maximum gain (G(max)), but increased the threshold pressure (TP), saturation pressure (SP) and ISP at G(max) (ISP (Gmax)). (2) The pretreatment with H(1) or H(2) receptors antagonist, chlorpheniramine (CHL, 5 microg) or cimetidine (CIM, 15 microg), could obviously diminish the above-mentioned changes in CSR performance induced by HA, but the effect of CIM was less remarkable than that of CHL. (3) The pretreatment with both CHL and CIM (5 microg and 15 microg) at the same time abolished the responses of CSR performance to HA completely. (4) After microinjection of CHL (0.5 microg) or CIM (1.5 microg) into the NTS, the responses of CSR to HA were similar to those after i.c.v. CHL or CIM, but the change in TP was significantly decreased. These findings suggest that the intracerebroventricular administration of HA results in a rapid resetting of CSR and a decrease in reflex sensitivity. The response of CSR to HA might be mediated by both central H(1) and H(2) receptors, especially by H(1) receptors. The effects of the central HA on CSR might be related to a histaminergic descending pathway from the hypothalamus to NTS. It is suggested that the HA receptors in the NTS play an important role in the responses of CSR to HA.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of central histaminergic receptor activation on carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex resetting in stressed rats].

To determine the effect of stress on carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex (CSR) and whether or not central histaminergic receptors modulate the CSR under stress, the characteristics of CSR were analyzed by using an isolated carotid sinus preparation in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into two groups at random: unstressed group (n=42) and stressed group (n=41). According to the site of microinjection of histaminergic receptor antagonists, each group was subdivided into a group of intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) and a group of microinjection into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The volume of injection into the lateral cerebroventricle and NTS was 5 microl and 1 micro1, respectively. Stressed groups were subjected to unavoidable electric foot-shock twice daily for a week, each session of foot-shock lasted 2 hours. The left and right carotid sinus regions were isolated from the systemic circulation under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium in all rats. The intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) was altered in a stepwise manner to trigger CSR from 0 to 280 mmHg at every step of 40 mmHg and 4 s, and then returned to 0 mmHg in similar steps. ISP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded simultaneously. ISP-MAP relationship curve was constructed by fitting to the logistic function with five parameters. The CSR parameters and the ISP-MAP relationship curve were separately compared statistically. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) Stress significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards and obviously moved the middle part of ISP-Gain relationship curve downwards, and decreased the value of the MAP range and maximum gain (G(max)), but increased the threshold pressure (TP), saturation pressure (SP), set point and ISP at G(max) (ISP(Gmax)). (2) I.c.v. of H1 receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine (CHL, 5 microg) or H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (CIM, 15 g) significantly diminished the above-mentioned changes in CSR performance induced by stress; the alleviative effect of CIM was less remarkable than that of CHL. The responses of CSR in stressed rats to H(1) or H(2) receptor antagonists generally occurred 20 min after the administration and lasted approximately for 15 min. (3) After microinjection of CHL (0.5 microg) or CIM (1.5 microg) into the NTS, the responses of CSR in stressed groups were similar to those after i.c.v. injection of CHL or CIM. (4) However, microinjection of CHL or CIM into the lateral cerebroventricle or the NTS could not completely abolish the stress-induced changes in CSR. These findings suggest that stress results in a resetting of CSR, a decrease in reflex sensitivity. The stress-induced changes in CSR may be mediated, at least in part, by activating the brain histaminergic system. The central histaminergic receptors (H(1) and H(2) receptors) may play an important role in the resetting of CSR under stress. The descending histaminergic pathway from the hypothalamus to NTS may be involved in these effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Electrophysiological effects of cimetidine on rabbit myocardium.

Effects of cimetidine (Cim) were studied electrophysiologically on fast action potential (AP) in rabbit papillary muscle and slow AP in pacemaker cell of rabbit sinoatrial node (SAN) as well as on atrioventricular (A-V) conduction in anesthetized rabbit. Cim (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 2 mmol.L-1) induced prolongations of AP duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP), slowing down of the maximal rate of rise of phase 0 (Vmax) and of the slope of phase 4 depolarization (SP4), and a decrease of AP amplitude (APA) in concentration-dependent manners. Cim (100 mg.kg-1 iv) prolonged the A-V conduction. The results suggest that Cim, like quinidine, shows a membrane stabilizing effect, which may be the electrophysiological basis of the anti-arrhythmic effect of Cim.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

Effect of cimetidine on isolated rat myocardial reperfusion injury.

The effects of cimetidine (Cim) on ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT), diastolic excitation threshold (DET), effective refractory period (ERP), and vulnerable period (VP), were determined in both stable perfusion and postischemic reperfusion rat hearts. The results showed that reperfusion after 15 min global myocardial ischemia caused a significant decrease VFT and ERP, and an increase in VP and DET. Cim 1 mmol.L-1 prevented the lowering in VFT, shortening in ERP, and lengthening in VP from the postischemic reperfusion. Cim 0.1 mmol.L-1 attenuated the exacerbation of VFT and VP. Cim 0.01 mmol.L-1 did not exert any noticeable influence on the electrophysiological parameters. It was shown that Cim 1 mmol.L-1 protected myocardium against the aggravation of electrophysiological characteristics induced by postischemic reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of H1 and H2 receptor blockers on mobilization of myocardial carnosine to histamine during compound 48/80-induced shock in young rats.

Histamine exerts profound effects on the cardiovascular system during shock mediated by H1 and H2 receptors. The source of histamine is uncertain. It is our hypothesis that carnosine serves as a nonmast-cell reservoir for histidine, utilized for histamine synthesis during shock. We have shown that treatment of older rats with compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator, produces age-dependent lethal stress, which is prevented by lodoxamide (LOD), a mast cell degranulation inhibitor, is exacerbated by H2 receptor blockade, and is accompanied by increased mobilization of myocardial carnosine to histidine and histamine. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of H1 and H2 blockers on carnosine mobilization to histamine during 48/80-induced shock in young rats. Fifty male SD rats (125 g) were divided into nine groups: saline; LOD; H1 blocker diphenhydramine (DPH); H2 blocker cimetidine (CIM); 48/80; LOD + 48/80; DPH + 48/80; CIM + 48/80; and DPH + CIM + 48/80. All rats were sacrificed 30 min after final injections and hearts were analyzed via HPLC. There was a reduction in myocardial carnosine (P less than or equal to 0.01) and histidine (P less than or equal to 0.001) and a simultaneous increase in histamine (P less than or equal to 0.01, P less than or equal to 0.001) in animals receiving 48/80 or CIM + 48/80, respectively, compared to controls or groups pretreated with LOD, DPH, or DPH + CIM. These results indicate that 48/80-induced shock increases mobilization of myocardial carnosine and histidine to histamine, which supports a role for carnosine as a nonmast-cell histamine source.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Influence of enzyme induction and inhibition on the oxidation of nifedipine, sparteine, mephenytoin and antipyrine in humans as assessed by a "cocktail" study design.

Nifedipine (NF), sparteine (SP), mephenytoin (MP) and antipyrine (AP) were administered simultaneously ("cocktail" design) to 15 healthy subjects, including 4 poor metabolizers (PM) of SP and 4 PMs of MP, on three different occasions: without pretreatment, after pentobarbital (PB) pretreatment and together with cimetidine (cim). Concentrations of AP, NF, its pyridine metabolite 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate-methylester (M-O), SP, dehydrosparteine (DHS) were determined in plasma; 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate-monomethyle ster (which is ester hydrolyzed M-O), SP, DHS, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, AP and metabolites 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, norantipyrine and 4-hydroxyantipyrine were measured in urine. Clearance of NF had increased 270% after PB and decreased 32% with cim. Area under the plasma-concentration time curve of M-O and urinary excretion of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate-monoethyles ter had also decreased after PB. Neither extensive metabolizers nor PMs of SP and MP were sensitive to PB treatment, but sparteine clearance was reduced 55% by cim in extensive metabolizers and 59% in PMs. Ratio SP/DHS in urine was hardly influenced by cim. AP oxidation was significantly induced and inhibited by PB and cim, respectively. The cocktail study design seems to be suitable to assess induction and inhibition of the metabolism of the applied model substrates, which are metabolized by at least partly independent isozymes of the cytochrome P-450 system, simultaneously.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Topography of carcinoma in situ and carcinoma with minimal invasion of the uterine cervix].

There were 160 coni histologically analysed in which carcinoma in situ (CIS) or carcinoma cum invasione minimali (CIM) were diagnosed. Their most frequent localization was the transitional zone. CIS was spreading in 95.4% of cases to the transitional zone, in 67.4% to the part covered with a cylindrical epithelium, and in 19.8% to the part covered with a squamous epithelium. CIM was found to have affected the transitional zone in 90.5%, the cervical zone covered with a cylindrical epithelium in 78.4% and the zone partly covered with a squamous epithelium in 52.7% of cases. CIS was spread to both cervical labia in 65.1% of cases--to the front labium in 23.3% and the back labium in 11.6% of cases. CIM was found to have affected both labia in 90.5% of cases--the front labium in 6.7% and the back labium in 2.7% of cases. CIS and CIM were formed from three types of cells, i.e. types A, B, and C. Both CIS and CIM formed from type A were located in the zone of the squamous epithelium in the portio, those formed from type C endocervically, and those from type B in--between. There were also carcinomas formed from two or three cell types. In the mixed types of carcinoma, type C cells were never found in the portio, nor type A cells in the endo-cervix.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Constant infusion clearance is an inappropriate method for accurate assessment of an impaired glomerular filtration rate.

Recently renewed interest has been focused on constant infusion clearance to assess GFR accurately. In this study we compared GFR and ERPF calculated from the constant infusion method (CIM = I x V/P) with that calculated from the standard method (StM = U x V/P), in 100 patients with renal disease who were subdivided in four groups according to their GFR-StM (< 30; 30-60; 60-90; > 90 ml/min). After a priming dose, a constant infusion of 125I-iothalamate (= GFR) and 131I-hippurate (= ERPF) was started at 9 a.m. The infusion rates were individually adjusted to the GFR which was approximated from the serum creatinine concentration. After a 90-min equilibration period, GFR-StM and ERPF-StM were determined for two 2-h periods. These values were compared with GFR-CIM and ERPF-CIM calculated from the plasma concentration of the respective tracers at the end of each 2-h period (= 210 and 330 min). In the patient group with GFR-StM < 30 ml/min, the 125I-iothalamate plasma concentration increased progressively over time. Consequently, average GFR-CIM at 210 min (34.2, SE +/- 2.1 ml/min) was higher than the GFR-CIM at 330 min (31.9, SE +/- 2.0 ml/min; P < 0.001). In addition both values were significantly higher than the corresponding GFR-StM values (18.1 +/- 2.4 and 15.3 +/- 1.6 ml/min respectively). In the two patient groups with GFR-StM > 60 ml/min, the 125I-iothalamate plasma concentration decreased progressively over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Glomerular Filtration Rate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total quality through computer integrated manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry.

The role of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) in the pursue of total quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing is assessed. CIM key objectives, design criteria, and performance measurements, in addition to its scope and implementation in a hierarchical structure, are explored in detail. Key elements for the success of each phase in a CIM project and a brief status of current CIM implementations in the pharmaceutical industry are presented. The role of World Class Manufacturing performance standards and other key issues to achieve full CIM benefits are also addressed.

Computers↗
PubMed1996

[Continuous infusion of morphine in use of pain relief after upper abdominal surgery].

This study was designed as a prospective randomized comparative trial of continuous infusion of morphine (CIM) controlled by a micro-electric pump and traditional intermitted intramuscle injection of pethidine (IMP) to relieve pain after surgery. 40 patients submitted from upper abdominal surgery were divided into two groups, 20 patient receiving CIM and others using IMP. The amount of morphine used during the 24 hours was 0.5 mg/kg in CIM group. In IMP group, 20 patients were given standard intramuscular dosages of 1.5 mg/kg of pethidine, then, every 4-6 hours repeatedly within 24 hours after operation. An analgesic scale was observed by WHO's pain score from I to IV degree. The result showed that all patients of CIM group had good analgesic effect (I and II degree), however, 10% of the patients in IMP group had only analgesic effect of I and II degree during the first 24 hours after operation. Their respiratory frequency, heart rate, BP and SpO2 had no significant difference in two groups. It woule appear that CIM is an efficacious and safe method for providing postoperative pain relief.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of therapeutical effectiveness in 35 cases of acute leukemia with therapy of Chinese integrated medicine].

Thirty-five cases of acute leukemia were treated with methods of Chinese integrated medicine (CIM), i.e. in the CIM group, in which the complete remission rate, partial remission rate and total remission rate were 68.5%, 20.0% and 88.5%, respectively; while those in the random control group were 42.7%,20% and 62.7%, respectively. The comparison between the two groups showed a significant difference(P < 0.05). The patients' survival period in CIM group of 1,3,5 and above 5 years was shown in 20, 12, 7 and 5 cases, but in the control group, 9,5,0 and 0 cases, respectively. The comparison between the two groups also showed an obvious difference (P < 0.01), which demonstrates that the therapeutic effect was better in the CIM group and the patients' survival period was longer in the CIM group, too.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Lymphocyte status in endomyocardial biopsies and blood after heart transplantation.

We performed immunological phenotyping of mononuclear cells in tissue sections of 84 endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) showing infiltrates, which were taken from 21 patients after heart transplantation. Data were correlated with histology (grading following Billingham) and cyto-immunologic monitoring (CIM) on blood samples (grading into negative, rejection, or infection, based on leukocyte morphology and T-cell phenotype). Few T lymphocytes were observed in 35 biopsies, and many in 49 biopsies. The semi-quantitative estimate of T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio did not correlate with EMB histology but was related to CIM data. For example, 31 out of 42 cases with a CIM indicative of infection (14 of which showing no rejection on histology) manifested large numbers of T cells. In most cases, the CD4/CD8 ratio was less than 1. The presence of activated cells (bearing interleukin-2 receptors or the CD30 antigen) was not related to EMB histology or to CIM data. The number of T cells (subsets) in EMB was not related to relative or absolute numbers in the blood.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Effects of histamine type-2 receptor antagonists on indomethacin and IL-2 immunotherapy of metastasis.

Histamine type-2 receptor antagonists (H-2RA) have been used chronically to prevent dyspepsia in cancer patients subjected to immunotherapy with chronic indomethacin (Indo) and intermittent IL-2 in our cancer centre. We tested the effects of these agents during immunotherapy of C3H/HeJ mice transplanted s.c. with 5 x 10(5) C3L5 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Tumor-transplanted mice were divided into groups receiving: (1) Indo (14 micrograms/ml); (2) H-2RA, i.e. (a) ranitidine at 28.6 micrograms/ml (Ran-lo) or 143 micrograms/ml (Ran-hi), or (b) famotidine (Fam) at 4.3 micrograms/ml, or (c) cimetidine (Cim) at 107 micrograms/ml, all in the drinking water on days 5-24; (3) IL-2 (1.5 x 10(3) Cetus U i.p. every 8 h on days 10-14 and 20-24); (4) combinations of H-2RA + Indo; or (5) combinations of H-2RA + Indo + IL-2. Animals were killed on day 24 for examination of primary s.c. tumor growth, secondary lung metastasis and splenocyte cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma cells (51Cr release assay). Results revealed: (1) primary tumor growth was reduced in mice treated with Fam + Indo, Indo + IL-2 and any of the H-2RA + Indo + IL-2 (no difference observed within the last two groups); (2) lung metastases decreased in mice treated with IL-2 alone, Indo + IL-2, and Indo + IL-2 + Ran-hi; (3) splenic cytotoxicity was suppressed in tumor-bearing controls, with partial restoration seen in Ran (both doses), Ran-lo + Indo, Ran-lo + Indo + IL-2, and Cim + Indo + IL-2 treated groups. Nearly complete restoration was seen in Cim, Cim + Indo, Indo + IL-2, Ran-hi + Indo + IL-2, and Fam + Indo + IL-2 groups. Thus, addition of H-2RA did not alter the overall therapeutic efficacy of the standard Indo + IL-2 tumor immunotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Quantitative trait loci for low aflatoxin production in two related maize populations.

Aflatoxin B(1) formed by Aspergillus flavus Fr:Link has been associated with animal disease and liver cancer in humans. We performed genetic studies in progenies derived from maize inbred Tex6, associated with relatively low levels of aflatoxin production, crossed with the historically important inbred B73. (Tex6 x B73) x B73 BC(1)S(1) and Tex6 x B73 F(2:3) mapping populations were produced and evaluated in 1996 and 1997 in Champaign, Ill. Ears were inoculated 20 to 24 days after midsilk using a pinboard method and a mixture of conidia of A. flavus Link:Fr. isolates. Aflatoxin B(1) levels in harvested ears were determined using an indirect competitive ELISA. Molecular markers were assayed on the populations and used to generate maps. Molecular marker - QTL associations for lower levels of aflatoxin production were determined using multiple regression (MR) and composite interval analysis with multiple regression (CIM MR). MR revealed sets of markers associated with lower aflatoxin production in 1996 and 1997, and CIM MR detected a smaller subset of loci significant in 1997. QTLs for lower aflatoxin were attributed to both Tex6 and B73 parental sources. Environment strongly influenced the detection of QTLs for lower aflatoxin production in different years. There were very few chromosome regions associated with QTLs in more than 1 year or population with MR analysis, and none with CIM MR analysis. In 1997, QTLs for lower aflatoxin were detected with CIM MR in bins 5.01-2 and 5.04-5 in the BC(1)S(1) population, and in bins 3.05-6, 4.07-8 and 10.05-10.07 in the F(2:3) population. These QTL associations appear the most promising for further study.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed2002

FDG-PET improves the staging and selection of patients with recurrent colorectal cancer.

Whole-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has proved effective in the diagnosis and staging of recurrent colorectal cancer. In this study, we analysed how PET affects the management of patients with recurrent colorectal cancer by permitting more accurate selection of candidates for curative resection. The data of 79 patients with known or suspected recurrent colorectal cancer were analysed. Conventional imaging modalities (CIM) and PET results were compared with regard to their accuracy in determining the extent and the resectability of tumour recurrence. Recurrence was demonstrated in 68 of the 79 patients. The data indicate that PET was superior to CIM for detection of recurrence at all sites except the liver. Based on the CIM+PET staging, surgery with curative intent was proposed in 39 patients and was indeed achieved in 31 of them (80%). PET was more accurate than CIM alone in predicting the resectability or non-resectability of the recurrence (82% vs 68%, P=0.02). It is concluded that whole-body FDG-PET is highly sensitive for both the diagnosis and the staging of patients with recurrent colorectal cancer. Its use in conjunction with conventional imaging procedures results in a more accurate selection of patients for surgical treatment with curative intent.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Electrophysiological and mechanical characteristics of histamine receptors in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig ileum.

To elucidate the role of the histamine receptor in functions related to intestinal motility, we investigated the effects of histamine and its antagonists on electrical and mechanical activities in longitudinal and circular layers of the terminal region of the guinea-pig ileum. Histamine hyperpolarized the membrane in the circular smooth muscle cells by increasing the permeability of K+ and it transiently inhibited generation of the spike while resting tone was elevated. Cimetidine (CIM) inhibited the hyperpolarization and relaxation induced by histamine while mepyramine (MEP) inhibited the contraction but did not affect the histamine-induced hyperpolarization. In the presence of CIM, histamine did not depolarize the membrane but did lower the threshold potential required for generation of the spike potential, increased the appearance of the spike and enhanced the phasic contraction. Histamine, in 20 mM K+ solution, hyperpolarized the membrane and produced a biphasic response, an initial relaxation and a subsequently generated contraction, in a concentration-dependent manner. In the longitudinal smooth muscle cells, histamine depolarized the membrane, and enhanced both generation of the spike and the contraction. MEP (0.1 microM) but not CIM (1 microM) blocked the histamine-induced responses. CIM at a higher concentration (10 microM) enhanced the histamine-induced contraction, while histamine did not relax the tissue precontracted by 20 mM K+. These results indicate that the circular muscle cells have both H1 and H2 receptors while the longitudinal muscle cells have the H1 receptor. The excitatory responses induced by activation of the H1 receptor in smooth muscle cells differ in these layers.

Animals↗