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PubMedDate not supplied

[Chromobacterium violaceum peritonitis: case report and literature review].

We report a case of Chromobacterium violaceum infection and we review the literature for all published cases. C. violaceum grew from a peritoneal fluid of a 47-year-old woman operated on for peritonitis following perforative gastroduodenal ulcer. She was just coming back from a 1-month-holyday in French Guyana, where she might have been in contact with this micro-organism. The patient fully recovered after surgical management associated with antibiotic therapy consisting of ofloxacin plus piperacillin-tazobactam. Among the more than a hundred of published cases of human infections with C. violaceum that we retrieved, there was not any other case of peritonitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial chemistry-III: preliminary studies on trypanosomal activities of Chromobacterium violaceum products.

It has been found that the pigment-I from Chromobacterium violaceum, 3-[1,2-dihydro5-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-3H-pyrrol-3-yli diene] 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, has trypanocide activity. The formylated derivatives, pigment-III, immobilized 100% of the Trypanosoma cruzi at a level of 46 microM after 48 h of interaction with a total growth inhibition in the same period. Pigment-I exhibited low toxicity and a DNA synthesis inhibition similar to that of Nifurtimox, a known trypanocide compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of growth conditions on production of violacein by Chromobacterium violaceum (BB-78 strain).

1. Chromobacterium violaceum (strain BB-78 isolated in Brazil) produces violacein, a substance potentially useful in phototherapy and with antibiotic and trypanocide activity. Culture conditions were optimized for the production of violacein and changes in nutrients, temperature and pH were correlated to cellular growth. 2. Methionine was the only absolute requirement for growth. Alanine, arginine, tryptophan and vitamin B12 stimulated growth and the microorganism utilized both the D and L forms of methionine. L-Tryptophan and its metabolites were important as a carbon source for violacein production and bacterial growth. 3. The highest yields of violacein were obtained by incubation in liquid medium and in the absence of light at pH 7.0 and 28 degrees C for 24 h.

Chromobacterium↗
PubMed1989

The pattern of protein synthesis induced by heat-shock of the moderately halophilic bacterium Chromobacterium marismortui: protective effect of high salt concentration against the thermal shock.

The protein synthetic response to heat shock of the moderately halophilic bacterium Chromobacterium marismortui was examined. Upon exposure to elevated temperature there is an increased synthesis of a specific subset of proteins (heat shock proteins-hsps) in the molecular weight region of 15 to 90 kD, while normal protein synthesis is severely repressed. The synthesis of hsps reaches a maximum 5 min after heat shock at 42 degrees C. Cells recovered their normal protein synthesis patterns rapidly upon returning to their normal growth temperature following heat shock. When cells grown in 2.5M NaCl were challenged with heat shock at 42 degrees C, the synthesis of some normal proteins was permitted. Furthermore, growth in high salt concentration resulted in an extension of the upper temperature limits at which C. marismortui could synthesize hsps. Adaptation of C. marismortui to decreasing salinity stimulated the synthesis of new proteins distinct from the hsps.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1979

Chromobacterium violaceum infections. Report of a fatal case.

A case of systemic Chromobacterium violaceum infection, believed to be the first reported in a Papua New Guinean, is described. Autopsy disclosed multiple liver abscesses and the diagnosis was made by recovery of the organism from one of the abscesses. Aspects of management of this uncommon infection are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Phenylalanine hydroxylase from Chromobacterium violaceum. Purification and characterization.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase was purified approximately 3000-fold to apparent homogeneity with a 13% yield and crystalized from L-phenylalanine-induced cells of Chromobacterium violaceum. The enzyme was shown to be composed of a single polypeptide chain with an estimated molecular weight of approximately 32,000. Some of the physical properties of the enzyme include: a Stokes radius of 26.0 A, a sedimentation coefficient of 2.71 S, a diffusion coefficient of 8.20 X 10(-7) CM2/S, a frictional ratio of 1.23, and an isoelectric point of pH 4.5. No detectable iron was found in the purified enzyme. Apparent Km values for L-phenylalanine and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine were 140 and 54 muM, respectively.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1986

[Fatal septicemia due to Chromobacterium violaceum].

A 2-year old boy was suffered from an infection caused by Chromobacterium violaceum. This is the first case of C. violaceum infection reported in Taiwan. The boy was treated with chloramphenicol and gentamicin but died after one month of illness due to the incooperation of patient's family. The causative agent was isolated from patient's blood and scar. Complete bacteriologic characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of this isolate are reported.

Chromobacterium↗
PubMed1985

Novel potentiators of beta-lactam antibiotics. Isolation of SQ28,504 and SQ28,546 from Chromobacterium violaceum.

Two novel compounds, SQ28,504 and SQ28,546 are produced by Chromobacterium violaceum. These compounds enhance the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against Gram-negative organisms. Both SQ28,504 and SQ28,546 induce morphological changes in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. Only SQ28,546 has weak antimicrobial activity against several Gram-negative organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Effect of bestatin analogues and other compounds on enkephalin hydrolysis by an aminopeptidase from the mesophiles pseudomonas sp ATCC 11299A and chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12540.

In our studies on newly synthesized compounds for their potential analgesic effect, we decided for purposes of convenience and economy to investigate non-mammalian sources for the presence of enkephalin degrading enzymes. An aminopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the tyrosylglycyl bond of leucine- and methionine enkephalin was purified from the mesophiles Pseudomonas sp ATCC 11299a (Ps) and Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12540 (Cv). Each preparation also hydrolyzed to varying extents neutral dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides and amino acid beta-naphthylamides. The Ps enzyme has a pH optimum of 6.8, Km of 80 microM and a Vmax of 6.7 nmoles/min/mg of protein. The Cv enzyme has a pH optimum of 6.8-7.2, Km of 111 microM and a Vmax of 42 nmoles/min/mg of protein. Both are sulfhydryl enzymes since they are activated by dithiothreitol (DTT) and inactivated by p-chloro- and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. They are not glycoproteins since they pass unretained through a Con A-Sepharose column. The activity lost by dialysis against EDTA can be restored, wholly or in part, by Co+2, Mg+2, Mn+2 and Ni+2; ions exerting an inhibitory effect were A1+3, Cd+2, Cu+2, Hg+2 and Zn+2. From a range of organic compounds, the greatest inhibition was elicited by the microbial peptides amastatin and bestatin. Several dipeptide analogues of bestatin, synthesized from DL-threo-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (AHPP) as the N-terminal residue in order to define the stereospecific requirements of the alpha, beta-functional groups for maximal activity, were not as active as the parent compound.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1983

A probable case of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in Australia.

A case of a north-Queensland Aboriginal child, who died of a septicaemic illness probably caused by Chromobacterium violaceum, is reported. This organism is a Gram-negative bacillus found in soil and water. Human and animal infections are very rare, but have been reported from various tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Most of these have been fatal, although survival after recognition, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention has also been reported.

Australia↗
PubMed1994

Purification and partial characterization of an amino acid alpha,beta- dehydrogenase, L-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase from Chromobacterium violaceum.

L-Tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase is a novel enzyme that specifically catalyzes the alpha,beta-dehydrogenation of L-tryptophan derivatives. It was extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum and purified 108-fold to apparent homogeneity with a 34% overall recovery. The molecular weight of the native enzyme is approximately 680,000, and its isoelectric point is nearly equal to 4. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the enzyme is composed of two components with molecular weight of approximately 74,000 and 14,000. It also contains a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group, as judged from a typical spectrum showing maxima at 427, 530, and 560 nm. The catalyzed reaction is completed without side-product formation over a broad pH range comprised between 3 and 8. The enzyme is reoxidized at the expense of molecular oxygen by producing one molecule of H2O2. Kinetic parameters for modification of N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide were determined (Km = 19.5 microM; kcat = 45.2 s-1). A Hill coefficient of about 1 suggests the absence of any cooperative effect. As inferred from both its kinetic and stability optimal conditions, L-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase constitutes a promising tool for chemical modification of tryptophanyl side chain in peptides and proteins.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1993

[Chromobacterium violaceum, opportunist pathogenic bacteria in tropical and subtropical regions].

Chromobacterium violaceum is isolated from soil and waters in tropical and subtropical areas. This Gram negative bacillus is considered as a saprophyte, but occasionally it can act as an opportunistic pathogen for animals and man, and cause fatal septicaemia from skin lesion with many liver and lung abscesses. Classification, nomenclature, media used to isolation, characters useful to identification (morphology, cultural and biochemical traits, violacein pigmentation), differentiation from related violet-pigmented species and from Vibrionaceae (when C. violaceum cultures are not pigmented), antibiotics resistance and susceptibility, experimental and natural pathogenicity are emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum.

Lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum has been purified to homogeneity and crystallized in a form suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis from 10-14% polyethylene glycol 4000 and 10-14% 2-methyl-2,4-pentane diol at pH 6.4 in the presence of 0.25%(w/v) n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. These crystals belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2 with refined lattice constants a = 41.1 A, b= 156.8, c = 43.6 A, indicating a cell content of one monomer per asymmetric unit of the crystal. The crystals diffract to a resolution of 2.2 A.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Denitrification by Chromobacterium violaceum.

One host (Rana catesbiana)-associated and two free-living mesophilic strains of bacteria with violet pigmentation and biochemical characteristics of Chromobacterium violaceum were isolated from freshwater habitats. Cells of each freshly isolated strain and of strain ATCC 12472 (the neotype strain) grew anaerobically with glucose as the sole carbon and energy source. The major fermentation products of cells grown in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) supplemented with glucose included acetate, small amounts of propionate, lactate, and pyruvate. The final cell yield and culture growth rate of each strain cultured anaerobically in this medium increased approximately twofold with the addition of 2 mM NaNO(3). Final growth yields increased in direct proportion to the quantity of added NaNO(3) over the range of 0.5 to 5 mM. Each strain reduced NO(3), producing NO(2), NO, and N(2)O. NO(2) accumulated transiently. With 2 mM NaNO(3) in the medium, N(2)O made up 85 to 98% of the N product recovered with each strain. N-oxides were recovered in the same quantity and distribution whether 0.01 atm (ca. 1 kPa) of C(2)H(2) (added to block N(2)O reduction) was present or not. Neither N(2) production nor gas accumulation was detected during NO(3) reduction by growing cells. Cell growth in media containing 0.5 to 5 mM NaNO(2) in lieu of NaNO(3) was delayed, and although N(2)O was produced by the end of growth, NO(2) -containing media did not support growth to an extent greater than did medium lacking NO(3) or NO(2). The data indicate that C. violaceum cells ferment glucose or denitrify, terminating denitrification with the production of N(2)O, and that NO(2) reduction to N(2)O is not coupled to growth but may serve as a detoxification mechanism. No strain detectably fixed N(2) (reduced C(2)H(2)).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Group VE-2 (Chromobacterium typhiflavum) bacteremia.

Group VE-2 (Chromobacterium typhiflavum) bacteremia occurred in a severely traumatized, post-neurosurgical patient. A discussion of the clinical occurrence of the organism, bacteriological characteristics, and antibiotic sensitivities is presented.

Adult↗