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PubMed1985

Tumoral calcinosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Tumoral calcinosis rarely occurs in the hand. It is an uncommon familial disease suggesting an autosomal recessive gene pattern, often with laboratory findings of hyperphosphatemia and normocalcemia. Our patient had bilateral hand involvement, including local calcinosis cutis of the skin and bone changes not previously reported in the literature. At a 2-year follow-up after two lesions were excised from her left hand, one lesion had completely resolved and the other recurred. Two large symptomatic lesions and one area of local calcinosis cutis in her right hand have recently been excised.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Transient parkinsonism in bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis.

A normally developed 12-year-old female drank a cup of tea and could not sleep that night. The next morning, symptoms suggestive of parkinsonism developed, including progressive rigidity, akinesia, and a mask-like face. These signs lasted for 10 days. Brain computed tomography revealed multiple calcification, and thus she was diagnosed as having bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis. Patients with bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis exhibit various movement disorders. However, there have been no reports of transient parkinsonism associated with bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis, including in children.

Calcinosis↗

PubMed1999

Idiopathic calcinosis cutis presenting as labial lesions in children: report of two cases with literature review.

BACKGROUND: Calcinosis cutis is a general term for calcium deposition in the skin. It may be due to abnormal calcium or phosphorus metabolism, damage to the dermal collagen, or idiopathic. It has been found in the skin of many areas of the body, including the face, extremities, penis, scrotum and mons pubis. We report two cases of calcinosis cutis presenting as lesions of the labia majora in children. CASES: A 6 1/2-year-old girl presented with labial lesions of unknown etiology. There was no history of sexual abuse or trauma. Excisional biopsy was performed and histopathological evaluation showed subepithelial calcification. Follow-up laboratory evaluation revealed normal serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Screening tests for collagen vascular diseases were negative. An 8-year-old girl presented for evaluation of a "labial cyst." The lesion was first noted 6 months prior to presentation and had not resolved, despite treatment with topical creams and sitz baths. Excisional biopsy was performed and histopathological evaluation showed multiple nodules of calcified and amorphous debris surrounded by histiocytes and giant cells. CONCLUSION: We report two cases of idiopathic calcinosis cutis presenting as labial lesions in children. Because it can be mistaken for a sexually transmitted disease, recognition and proper diagnosis of this condition is essential. Additionally, work-up to rule out abnormalities of phosphorus or calcium metabolism and collagen vascular diseases may be indicated.

Calcinosis↗

PubMed2002

Nanobacteria and calcinosis cutis.

BACKGROUND: The nanobacteria are a recently characterized group of extremely small bacteria capable of precipitating calcium salts implicated in the pathogenesis of urinary calculi and calcific atherosclerosis. The pathogenesis of calcinosis cutis and its significance in conjunction with a variety of unrelated scarring and pre-existing cutaneous entities are incompletely understood. METHODS: A series of cases, including basal cell carcinoma with dystrophic calcification, subepidermal calcified nodule, pilomatricoma, and tumoral calcinosis, were ultrastructurally examined for the presence of Nanobacteria sp. RESULTS: All cases, including three basal cell carcinomas, two subepidermal calcified nodules, three cases of pilomatricoma, and two cases of tumoral calcinosis, were negative for Nanobacteria. CONCLUSIONS: The dystrophic calcification that occurs in conjunction with the above entities does not likely involve a bacterial-induced etiology. The cause of these entities remains unknown.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of crystals in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections for the differential diagnosis of pseudogout, gout, and tumoral calcinosis.

Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained sections may not allow proper evaluation of birefringence properties of the crystals in the lesions of pseudogout, gout, and tumoral calcinosis. This study was undertaken to verify the application of a special stain that could facilitate the evaluation of the birefringence properties of these crystals for definitive diagnosis. We evaluated previously described nonaqueous alcoholic eosin staining (NAES) method based on the principle of using alcoholic eosin without hematoxylin and any other aqueous reagents for staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Two observers, in a blinded fashion, evaluated the sections stained with routine H&E and NEAS method without the knowledge about clinical diagnosis. All pseudogout (nine sections from seven cases) and gout (eight sections from five cases) lesions demonstrated birefringence in the sections stained with NAES method. H&E-stained sections showing the respective diagnostic histomorphology failed to demonstrate the birefringent crystals by polarizing microscopy in all the eight sections from gout and in seven of nine sections from pseudogout. Only two H&E-stained sections showed scant calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals in pseudogout. None of the three sections from two cases of tumoral calcinosis showed birefringence with either stain. We conclude that CPPD in pseudogout and monosodium urate in gout may not polarize in the routine H&E-stained sections. However, polarizing microscopy of sections stained with NAES method allowed demonstration of CPPD crystals with positive birefringence in pseudogout, MSU crystals with negative birefringence in gout, and calcium hydroxyapatite crystals without birefringence in tumoral calcinosis. Section stained with NAES method is a significantly useful adjunct to the routine H&E stain for proper evaluation of the crystals under polarizing microscope in these lesions.

Calcinosis↗

PubMed2004

Disappearance of diffuse calcinosis following autologous stem cell transplantation in a child with autoimmune disease.

A 12-year-old girl presented with arthritis, myalgia, anemia and positive ANA. Subsequently, she developed recurrent episodes of pulmonary hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, CNS abnormalities, skin ulcers and diffuse calcinosis. This was followed by secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. Despite vigorous immunosuppression, the patient became bedridden. A peripheral blood stem cell autograft was offered when she developed pulmonary hypertension and digital ischemia at the age of 16 years. The post-transplantation course was uneventful. Liquefaction of calcinosis nodules with improvement of mobility occurred gradually. She is now 24 months post-transplant with no sign of disease activity and total disappearance of calcinosis nodules.

Anemia↗

PubMed2001

Dystrophic scrotal calcinosis originating from benign eccrine epithelial cysts.

Scrotal calcinosis has been classified as a form of idiopathic calcinosis cutis. However, the pathogenesis of the calcified nodules has not been fully elucidated: it is still unclear whether the condition is truly idiopathic, or the result of breakdown of calcified epithelial cysts. We describe a 29-year-old Japanese patient with scrotal calcinosis originating from epithelial cysts. Light microscopy revealed a large epithelial cyst containing von Kossa-positive material and several small dilated ductal structures beside the cyst. The epithelia of the cyst and ductal structures were connected, showing similar eccrine duct differentiation on immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy. In the cyst lumen, calcium was present as needle-shaped crystals. The pathogenetic mechanism of calcium deposition seemed to be due to excessive production and discharge of matrical debris and sulphated mucopolysaccharides, which derived from luminal cells, and their accumulation in the lumina.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics of organic anions in rats with arterial calcinosis.

1. Ageing induces calcium accumulation in the vascular system. The simplest experimental way of producing high degrees of arterial calcium overload is by administration of an overdose of vitamin D(3) to rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of organic anions in rats with arterial calcinosis induced by an overdose of vitamin D(3). 2. We used bromosulfophthalein (BSP) and sulfanilamide (SA) as models of organic anions with preferential biliary and renal excretion, respectively. 3. Increases in the clearance and elimination rate constant of BSP were observed in treated rats. The clearance and the elimination rate constant for SA were also increased in rats with arterial calcinosis. 4. Variations in arterial hepatic blood flow, aspartate aminotransferase activity and liver calcium accumulation were not observed in treated rats. In contrast, treated rats had a lower renal blood flow and increased renal calcium levels. 5. In summary, rats with arterial calcinosis showed an increase in total body clearance of both BSP and SA, probably associated with modifications in their metabolism and/or in organ extraction. Alterations to hepatic and renal blood flow do not account for these phenomena.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Massive scrotal calcinosis.

BACKGROUND: Scrotal calcinosis is a benign entity characterized by the appearance of calcific masses within the dermis of scrotal skin. Its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: A 36-year-old man with massive scrotal calcinosis is described. Our aim was to perform a histologic examination of the surgical piece with subsequent closure of the defect achieving satisfactory cosmetic results. METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: Histologic studies of multiple nodules showed no epithelial lining and one calcified epidermal cyst. Subtotal excision of the scrotal wall was performed with excellent results. CONCLUSION: Even though the pathogenic mechanism of this entity is still unclear, our findings support the theory of dystrophic calcification of epidermoid cysts. Surgical treatment is the only definitive treatment. Subtotal excision of the scrotal wall in cases of massive calcinosis may be performed with good results.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Successful palliation and significant remission of cutaneous calcinosis in CREST syndrome with carbon dioxide laser.

BACKGROUND: There are few satisfactory medical or surgical therapies for cutaneous calcinosis in connective tissue disorders. OBJECTIVE: Carbon dioxide laser vaporization allows precise ablation of superficial dystrophic calcification. This treatment modality was considered because of the severity of our patient's symptoms and failure to respond to various medical therapies. METHODS: Over a 5-year period, six affected digits received a single treatment with carbon dioxide laser vaporization. RESULTS: Treated digits healed over a 6-week period and led to a significant remission in symptoms. The average remission time for affected digits to date is at least 3 years and has allowed our patient to remain in full-time employment. CONCLUSION: Carbon dioxide laser vaporization may offer effective remission of symptoms in cutaneous calcinosis of CREST syndrome (including cutaneous calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia).

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Tumoral calcinosis and atypical juvenile dermatomyositis: case report.

Tumoral calcinosis is a rare, benign calcification of soft tissues in periarticular areas. It can manifest as an isolated disease or as part of an underlying disorder. We report a case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with tumoral calcinosis of her left knee in association with atypical juvenile dermatomyositis. Finally, we discuss operative and non-operative treatment strategies of tumoral calcinosis in children and adults.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Diltiazem induces remission of calcinosis in scleroderma.

There is no widely accepted treatment for the calcinosis which occurs in scleroderma and dermatomyositis. We report a case of a 62-yr-old woman with active scleroderma complicated by tuberose calcinosis. The calcinosis, which had previously been unchanged for several years, regressed over a 2-yr period during which diltiazem was used to treat hypertension. This effect could not be explained by altered disease activity or renal function but, we suggest, may be due to inhibition of calcium influx into cells. This treatment merits further evaluation.

Calcinosis↗

PubMed2007

Tumoral calcinosis of the scalp: An unusual site for a rare tumor.

Tumoral calcinosis is a rare calcifying disorder that is associated with deposition of calcium crystals in the periarticular tissues. The mass is most often around the hips, elbows, shoulders, and feet but may be occasionally found elsewhere. We report a case of multiple sporadic tumoral calcinoses in an adult male over the scalp. The scalp as a site of tumoral calcinosis has not been previously reported in adults. Previous surgical excisions done on two occasions had resulted in recurrence of the tumors. This report highlights the need to include tumoral calcinosis in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the scalp.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis.

Milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis is a rare entity. Only 17 cases have been reported so far. Two-thirds of these have been associated with Down syndrome. We report the fifth case occurring in a child without Down syndrome. Milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis has long been regarded as a peculiar subtype of idiopathic calcinosis cutis. The pathogenesis of the disorder remains unclear.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Idiopathic calcinosis of the areola of the nipple.

Idiopathic calcinosis cutis involving the breast is a rare condition. Previously reported cases were detected by mammography without specific cutaneous findings. We report a case of idiopathic calcinosis of the areola of the nipple in a 32-year-old Korean woman that has unique clinical features resembling scrotal calcinosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Calcinosis circumscripta in the dog: a retrospective pathological study.

Calcinosis circumscripta is an uncommon syndrome of ectopic idiopathic, dystrophic, metastatic or iatrogenic mineralization characterized by deposition of calcium salts in soft tissues. This paper is a retrospective study of 77 canine cases. The age of dogs in the study varied from 4 months to 15 years and 55% were <1 year old, 74% <2 years old and 88% <4 years old. Several pure and mixed, typically large breed dogs were affected so that 28.6, 13 and 9% were German Shepherd, Rottweiler and Labrador Retriever respectively. The size of lesions varied from 2 mm to 13 cm in diameter but most lesions were between 0.5 cm and 3 cm in diameter. Lesions were solitary in 82% of the affected dogs, and occurred most commonly on the hind feet (50%) and tongue (23%). With multiple lesions there was no apparent body symmetry. Microscopically, most lesions were well-defined single or multiple variably sized aggregates of amorphous to granular, lightly to darkly basophilic material with or without peripheral granulomatous reaction and surrounded by varying amounts of fibrous connective tissue. Additionally, three small nodular masses in the wall of the jejunum of a dog were diagnosed as calcinosis circumscripta. This is the first reported case of idiopathic intestinal calcinosis circumscripta in the dog.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2004

Incidental idiopathic calcinosis cutis in a rhytidectomy patient.

Calcinosis cutis, deposition of insoluble calcium salts in cutaneous tissues, is an uncommon disorder. This condition can be classified as metastatic, dystrophic, idiopathic, and iatrogenic based on the pathogenesis of the deposition. Whereas dystrophic calcinosis cutis is a fairly common condition, idiopathic cases are very rare. Distinct cutaneous anatomic areas, the vulva, scrotum, penis, and breast, have been reported to develop this disorder. Nevertheless, our case who had idiopathic calcinosis cutis in her neck may be a proof that this condition is not confined to genitals or the breasts and can be seen all over the skin.

Calcinosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Calcinosis cutis following trauma.

We report an 8-year-old boy who developed dystrophic calcinosis cutis that occurred following trauma. Multiple abrasions were observed in the inguinal folds after a soccer game. Subsequently, multiple papules with soft centers and white particles appeared in the same area. A biopsy specimen showed calcinosis cutis with transepidermal elimination of calcium. The causes of the underlying tissue damage associated with dystrophic calcinosis are discussed.

Calcinosis↗