Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Blue Toe Syndrome”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

137 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita].

BACKGROUND: Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome described in 1997 in children with macrocephaly, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and several other abnormalities. CASE REPORT: A six month-old boy was seen for hyperplasia of the right side of the body. Clinical examination disclosed overgrowth, macrocephaly, a generalized reticulated, blue-violet vascular network, partial bilateral syndactyly between the 2nd and 3rd toes, and several superficial capillary malformations. Psychomotor development was normal. Brain MRI showed enlargement of the right lateral ventricle and hemisphere in relation to the left side but without malformation. Radiological examination of the skeleton showed asymmetry of the limbs. DISCUSSION: The patient reported herein presented macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome characterized by macrocephaly and more than two of the main reported findings comprising cutis marmorata, superficial vascular anomaly, syndactyly and asymmetry. We set out the major components of this polymalformative syndrome that are rarely reported in the dermatologic literature.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Blue-tinged toes.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blue digit syndrome: transesophageal echocardiographic identification of thoracic aortic plaque-related thrombi and successful outcome with warfarin.

We describe two patients with blue digit syndrome in whom transesophageal echocardiography was able to identify mobile thrombotic masses attached to the irregular intimal surface of the descending thoracic aorta. These patients were treated with heparin and warfarin and did not have recurrent episodes of peripheral arterial embolization. In this article we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in patients with peripheral arterial embolization and blue digit syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Blue digit syndrome: treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Ten patients with classical blue digit syndrome were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). None experienced embolization. Nine were clinically improved; in eight, microembolization did not recur during follow-up of 7-86 months (mean, 28 months). Three clinical and three angiographic features were common to these eight patients: (a) few clinical episodes of microembolization; (b) no episodes of macroembolization; (c) no livedo reticularis in the affected extremity, and no symptoms of systemic cholesterol embolization; (d) focal, high-grade (greater than 90%) stenoses that were hemodynamically significant; (e) no diffuse atheromas in the aorta; (f) patent tibial runoff arteries. Affected patients with these clinical and angiographic characteristics make up a subgroup, previously unrecognized, to the authors' knowledge, in whom PTA followed by antiplatelet therapy should be the initial treatment of choice. The blue digit syndrome in these patients was probably due to microemboli composed of fibrinoplatelet aggregates rather than cholesterol debris.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Morphology of corneocytes from human nail plates.

A technique is described which permits the isolation of individual corneocytes from the superficial layers of the human nail plates. Tesa-film D is used to strip off the cells. The tape is mounted on a glass slide, stained with a mixture of methylene blue and rhodamine B. The parameters were size (surface mu2), shape (regular, irregular), nuclear inclusions and trabeculae. Specimens were obtained from 3 groups of patients (finger- and toe nails): (1) 60 healthy subjects with normal nails, males and females, in 3 age-groups (babies, adults, aged); (2) 10 patients with fast growing nails with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic nail involvement; (3) 9 patients with slow growing nails with lichen planus with nail involvement including one patient with Zinser-Engman-Cole-syndrome (dyskeratosis congenita). The nail growth rate was determined with a dissecting microscope-technique. Corneocytes of the dorsal nail plates of normal nails are of irregular polyedrical shape, not nucleated and show distinct but irregular trabecular network. Within each age-group, corneocytes are of rather uniform size but increase significantly (p less than or equal to .001) with age (e.g., thumbin males: 597 vs. 920 vs. 1008 mu2). Accelerated nail plate growth results in smaller corneocytes, and slowed down nail plate growth in larger corneocytes. It is concluded that cell proliferation (and abnormal keratinization) has a measurable effect on the size of corneocytes from the nail plates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome and brain iron metabolism.

Aberrant iron metabolism in the brain is typified by Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. In this disorder, large amounts of iron are deposited in the globus pallidus and the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. It is characterized by extrapyramidal dysfunction, as demonstrated by dystonia, rigidity, and choreoathetosis; onset during the first two decades of life; and progression of signs and symptoms. Corroborative findings include corticospinal tract involvement, ie, spasticity and extensor toe signs, progressive intellectual impairment, retinitis pigmentosa and optic atrophy (usually associated visual evoked response and electroretinogram abnormalities), seizures, familial occurrence, hypointense areas in the basal ganglia on magnetic resonance imaging scans (particularly in the substantia nigra), abnormal cytosomes in circulating lymphocytes, and sea-blue histiocytes in bone marrow. Iron function in normal brain metabolism is manifold, but high concentrations of iron in the basal ganglia area may signal a unique relationship. Data support the likelihood that iron plays a role in the modulation of dopamine binding to postsynaptic receptors. In addition, transferrin receptors and iron are also concentrated in oligodendrocytes in normal brain and, thus, may have a function in myelination. A role of iron also seems likely in oxidation and peroxidation reactions involving membranes and DNA, a capability that becomes uncontrolled when protective biologic mechanisms become inadequate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Blue digit syndrome: urgent indication for digital salvage.

The sudden onset of digital ischemia due to microembolization from a proximal source (the blue digit syndrome) requires immediate attention because not only the digit, but also the entire extremity, may be at risk. In our experience, 11 patients with the blue digit syndrome were encountered. Treatment consisted of eradication of the proximal embolic source followed by lumbar sympathectomy in four patients, direct arterial surgery alone in five patients, and lumbar sympathectomy alone in two patients. The addition of lumbar sympathectomy was beneficial as it provides an additional increase in blood flow and tissue perfusion over and above that due to direct arterial surgery alone. Our experience indicates that the benefits of lumbar sympathectomy leads to enhancement of healing of pregangrenous lesions and digital salvage.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Office evaluation and treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.

BACKGROUND: Raynaud's phenomenon, an episodic vascular disorder induced by cold temperatures or stress and characterized by white, blue, and red discoloration of the fingers and toes, may affect up to 20% of the general population. KEY POINTS: Raynaud's phenomenon may exist independently (primary) or in association with an underlying disease (secondary), most commonly systemic sclerosis. The pathophysiologic features include vasospasm, endothelial cell changes, vessel obstructive features, and hemorrheologic factors. Raynaud's phenomenon is the initial manifestation of disease in 70% of patients with systemic sclerosis, in whom it may be present for many years before the development of the connective tissue disease. Patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon need only conservative management and should be reassured that digital ischemia and loss of tissue occur extremely rarely. Pharmacologic agents that have been studied include vasodilators, platelet inhibitors, serotonin antagonists, and fibrinolytics. CONCLUSIONS: For prognostic and therapeutic reasons, it is important to determine if Raynaud's phenomenon is associated with an underlying condition and if the patient may develop a connective tissue disease.

CREST Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Atheroembolic renal failure requiring dialysis: potential for renal recovery? A review of 43 cases.

AIMS: Our objectives were to review the characteristics of patients who developed atheroembolic renal disease requiring dialysis as well as their renal function recovery and survival rates. METHODS: All cases of atheroembolic disease with renal failure severe enough to require dialysis were reviewed from January 1984 to December 2000 in two centers. The diagnosis of atheroemboli was based on clinical presentation and/or biopsy. Acute renal failure was defined as a serum creatinine >200 micromol/l if normal at baseline or doubling from baseline if chronic renal failure, whereas renal function recovery was the ability to discontinue renal replacement therapy for >or=3 months. RESULTS: Forty-three cases were identified (37 males and 6 females; mean age 67 +/- 5 years); the average time to acute renal failure and to diagnosis was similar at 36 days. The majority of patients had at least one precipitating factor identified (58% coronary angiography, 26% angiography, 16% vascular surgery, 2% anticoagulation); 1 had a spontaneous presentation whereas 7 had more than one factor. More than 90% had underlying hypertension and chronic renal dysfunction with a baseline creatinine of 195 +/- 81 micromol/l, approximately 80% had coronary artery disease, 80% were smokers, 60% had a history of abdominal aorta aneurysm, >50% presented with intermittent claudication, and 56% were anticoagulated at the time of the event. Most patients were nonoliguric (80%), had increased hypertension (71%), blue toes (67%), livedo reticularis (52%), whereas abdominal pain and central nervous system symptoms were present in 33 and 7% of the cases, respectively. Eosinophilia was found in 88%, while hypocomplementemia was present in less than 15%. When compared to the 12 patients with recovery of renal function (after a mean delay of 409 +/- 336 days), the 31 patients who did not recover function presented with more severe intermittent claudication and underlying chronic renal dysfunction (p < 0.05). Indeed, the only variable found to unfavorably influence renal function recovery was the presence of intermittent claudication. Patients were mainly treated by intermittent hemodialysis except for 5 (2 on CRRT and 3 on peritoneal dialysis). Renal function recovery was associated with a higher chance of survival; 33% of patients died in the first year after diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Atheroembolic renal disease carries a high mortality rate reflective of the extensive cardiovascular disease of affected patients; nevertheless, the potential for renal function recovery appears greater than for other vascular causes of renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1998

The role of cell death in limb development of rats manifesting Lx allele on different genetic backgrounds.

Control of vertebrate digital pattern is a phylogenetically old mechanism. Animal strains with abnormal digital counts are a useful model system to study tissue, cell and molecular factors involved in limb patterning. The aim of this study was to investigate rat limb morphogenesis on gestation days 13 to 16 in normodactylous, polydactylous and oligodactylous fetuses where the deviation from the normal pentadactylous phenotype is caused by interaction of mutant Lx allele with different genetic backgrounds. General development was assessed by measurements of crown-rump length, and limb morphogenesis by hand and foot plate width. Skeletogenesis was studied histologically and by whole mount staining with Alcian Blue and Acridine Orange. Cell death was demonstrated by supravital staining and fluorescence microscopy and by standard histology on serial sections. No phenotypic differences among the groups were noted on day 13. On day 14, the oligodactylous hind limb buds were more spiky than normal and had well-developed preaxial necrotic site (foyer preaxial primaire) which was normally observed only on day 15. This area of programmed cell death was severely attenuated in polydactylous limb buds. Pollex triphalangy manifested as increased hand plate width from day 15. Also hind limb buds width differed by this stage between groups. No acceleration or retardation of skeletogenesis was observed in abnormal limbs. The data confirm the crucial role of spatial and temporal patterns of morphogenetic programmed cell death in control of digital pattern.

Alleles↗
PubMed2005

Ectopic dermal ridge configurations on the interdigital webbings of Hammertoe mutant mice (Hm): another possible role of programmed cell death in limb development.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism underlying the development of aberrant phalangeal pads and dermal ridge configurations in malformed limbs is not well understood. The forelimbs of Hammertoe (Hm) mutant mouse fetuses were examined sequentially to clarify the relationship between the occurrence of abnormal programmed cell death (PCD) and the formation of phalangeal pads and dermal ridge patterns. METHODS: Relevant morphological features, with special emphasis on pads and dermal ridge configurations, were inspected on the exposed dermal surface of the forelimbs of adult Hm mutant mice. The forelimbs of Hm mutant mouse fetuses (GD13-18) and newborns were examined histologically. The forelimbs of GD13 fetuses were subjected to Nile blue (NB) vital staining for in situ labeling of PCD. RESULTS: In the forelimbs of +/+ mice, the formation of dermal ridges was confined to pads, while in Hm/+ and Hm/Hm animals, which have interdigital webbing involving digits II-V, dermal ridges were formed also on the ventral side of the webbing, specifically on its lateral margins between the neighboring digits and on the medial margin of the webbing extending toward the palmar pad. PCD was decreased in the interdigital zones II-IV in GD13 Hm/+ and Hm/Hm fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced PCD interdigital tissue of Hm/+ and Hm/Hm fetuses may result in the failure of physiological elimination of interdigital cells and in the persistence of soft tissue webbing between digits. The failure of PCD to occur may also interrupt the interdigital surviving cells to reach the neighboring digits and the distal area of the palm, thereby producing ectopic dermal ridges. It seems that interdigital PCD contributes not only to digit separation but also to the development of digital and palmar pads.

Animals↗