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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Trends in birth rates for teenagers in Queensland, 1988 to 1997: an analysis by economic disadvantage and geographic remoteness.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate trends in the birth rate for teenagers in Queensland, stratified by geographic remoteness and economic disadvantage. METHOD: This was an analysis of routine data for the period 1988 to 1997. The number of births were obtained from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection. Population data (the denominators for the rates) were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Economic disadvantage was based on place of usual residence of the mother. Because of differences in physical, social and psychological development, the data were analysed in three age groups: 13 to 14 years, 15 to 17 years and 18 to 19 years. RESULTS: Birth rates to teenagers who live in disadvantaged areas were 2 to 4 times higher than the rates for all of Queensland and 10 to 20 times higher than the rates in affluent areas. The trend analysis showed that the rates are decreasing in urban-affluent areas (about 2.5% per year), while they have remained stable, but extremely high in disadvantaged-remote areas, and are increasing (about 5% per year) in disadvantaged-urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively low and stable rates for all of Queensland have hidden marked variations in the trends for areas defined according to economic disadvantage and remoteness. The rates were especially high and showed no improvement over time in remote disadvantaged areas, which have a large indigenous population. IMPLICATIONS: In some areas of Queensland births to teenagers is a pressing problem, especially because it can perpetuate a cycle of limited educational opportunities, social isolation and reliance on welfare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Are there diurnal fluctuations in crypt length and crypt cell birth rate in the intestines of normal and carcinogen-treated rats?

At eight time points over a period of 24 hours, crypt length (in cells) and crypt cell birth rate were measured by the stathmokinetic method with vincristine and evaluated at two sites in the small intestine and two in the colon in Wistar Porton rats. Normal animals were compared with animals which had received 24 injections, at weekly intervals, of the intestinal carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. In the treated animals, crypts were significantly longer at sites prone to tumour formation but not at those sites known to be resistant to the effects of the carcinogen. In neither group of animals was there any significant fluctuation in mean crypt length over a 24 hours period. Crypt cell birth rates showed a considerable fluctuation. No difference was noted between normal animals and those treated with dimethylhydrazine and statistical analysis failed to confirm the presence of any true periodic fluctuation.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1999

Cumulative pregnancy and live birth rates in women with antiphospholipid antibodies undergoing assisted reproduction.

The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) on cumulative pregnancy and live-birth rates in patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. Serum samples from 173 patients were collected prior to initiation treatment cycle and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM and IgA against cardiolipin, phosphoserine, phosphoethanolamine, phosphoinositol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphoglycerol. Fifty-six samples from patients who had at least two failed cycles by assisted reproductive treatment were also tested by a bioassay for the presence of lupus anticoagulants. Both cumulative pregnancy and live birth rates were not affected by the presence of any specific or any number of seropositive APA. There was no association between multiple assisted reproductive treatment failures and APA seropositivity. Neither the serum concentration of any of the 18 APA, nor the number of positive APA was correlated with the number of assisted reproductive treatment failed cycles or affected the probability of pregnancy. No patient was found to be positive for lupus anticoagulants. Using life table analyses, which has been recognized as the most appropriate method available to analyse assisted reproductive treatment results, we conclude that there is no relationship between circulating APA and assisted reproductive treatment outcome. APA do not affect the early process of implantation or maintenance of pregnancy among assisted reproductive treatment patients.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between birth rate and infant mortality under natural reproduction situations.

The author investigates the relationship between infant mortality and the birth rate. "For this research, a number of countries with representative features are selected from different parts of the world. The study focuses on mortality and birth in these countries in the 25 year span between 1945 and 1970. A major reason for selecting these countries is that they are in a natural reproduction situation...[which] refers to a reproductive condition without any government intervention."

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1997

Toward lower cesarean birth rates and effective care: five years' outcomes of joint private obstetric practice.

BACKGROUND: Many ways to improve perinatal outcomes, deliver cost-effective care, and increase client and caregiver satisfaction have been suggested. This article adds to the body of such literature by describing a joint practice in California and reporting five years of its outcomes. METHOD: Frequency data were recorded prospectively for all pregnant women seen between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1995. Overall statistics and variable-specific frequencies were then analyzed for the 1303 consecutive singleton births that occurred during this period. RESULTS: The primary cesarean birth rate for the sample was 6.5 percent, the total rate was 9.1 percent, and the rate for women having their first full-term pregnancy was 11.3 percent. Of all women with a previous cesarean birth, 72.2 percent delivered vaginally. The success rate of attempted vaginal births after cesarean was 83.5 percent. Instrument deliveries were performed for 2.0 percent of births, and the frequency of third- or fourth-degree lacerations was 3.0 percent of all vaginal births. Transfers to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit were 1.3 percent, and the perinatal mortality rate was 5.4 per 1000 births (corrected for serious anomalies: 3/1000). The preterm birth rate (including maternal transfers) was 2.0 percent. CONCLUSION: An obstetric practice in a private community hospital setting that effectively used obstetricians, nurse-midwives, and nurse practitioners reported low rates of cesarean birth, preterm birth, severe lacerations, instrument deliveries, and legal incidents, and excellent cost-effective maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Epidermal tissue homeostasis. I. Cell pool size, cell birth rate and cell loss by moulting in the intact toad, Bufo bufo.

Toad epidermis is a suitable model for studies on tissue homeostasis because cell pool size, influx into and efflux from the cell pool can be easily determined. The cell pool size was obtained by cell counting on photomicrographs, the influx (cell birth rate) was assessed by the metaphase-arrest technique, and the efflux (cell loss by moulting) assessed by counting the number of cells in the corneal layer and recording of intermoult periods. The importance of the methods for assessing these parameters per square unit of skin surface is emphasized. These parameters were studied in eight groups of ten adult male toads sacrificed at various hours of the day. There were minor variations in the cell birth rate, fluctuating around a mean of 26 cells/mm2/hr (obtained at the metaphase collection period from 11.00-14.00 hours). By summation of the cell productions during the eight metaphase collection periods of 3 hr, and extrapolation to an intermoult period (time between two moults), a calculated cell production of about 6340 cells/mm2 in 10.3 days was obtained, whereas the cell loss at each moult was only 2370 cells/mm2. Thus the cell production rate exceeds the rate of cell loss through moults by a factor of 2.7 Arguments are presented that the 'surplus' of cells produced cannot be permanently accommodated within the living epidermis. Consequently a cell deletion rate beyond that by moulting of about 4000 cells/mm2 in 10.3 days or 16 cells/mm2/hr can be calculated. These results are discussed in relation to current concepts of tissue homeostatic mechanism(s). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that controlled cell deletion may be a tissue homeostatic mechanism complementary to controlled cell divisions.

Animals↗