Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Basketball”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A comparative study of the muscle strength and mass of the arm flexors and extensors in paraplegic and in non paraplegic basketball players.

OBJECTIVES: to study the changes in the strength of the elbow flexors and extensors in paraplegic subjects, and the agonist/antagonist mass and strength ratio in paraplegic wheelchair users. METHOD: 10 paraplegic wheelchair basketball players were compared with 10 healthy basketball players. The 20 subjects underwent a clinical and dynamometric isokinetic assessment, and a CT scan measurement of the muscle cross-sectional surface area of the flexor and extensor muscles of the elbows. RESULTS: there was an increase in muscle strength in paraplegic subjects. There was no significant difference in the agonist/antagonist ratio between the dominant and non dominant upper limb in paraplegics whereas such a difference was found in healthy subjects. The muscle mass was increased in the paraplegics, but a correlation between muscle mass and strength was only found in the healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Tetraplegic wheelchair basketball.

Tetraplegic wheelchair basketball was started in the Kanagawa Rehabilitation Center (KRC) as a recreational sport for tetraplegics in 1980. In this game, there are two goals on each side, thus we call it 'twin basketball'. One goal is of ordinary height and the other is low. Three ways of shooting and two ways of dribbling are allowed according to the player's level of tetraplegia and technical skill. The first official game was held in 1983. Since then, the game has been taken up in several areas of Japan. The first All Japan championship game was held in 1987, ten teams including 98 tetraplegics attending. Five years later, in the sixth championship game, 18 teams including 171 tetraplegics attended. As official physicians, we have examined the physical condition and technical skills of all players since 1987. All players are classified, and assigned points from 1 to 4.5. The total number of points of five players in one team are limited to 11.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Nutrition antioxidant status and oxidative stress in professional basketball players: effects of a three compound antioxidative supplement.

Professional basketball players of the First Spanish League (ACB) are highly trained athletes performing high training loads and competition sessions. As intense physical activity has been suggested to increase free radical production, we examined the effects of a vitamin antioxidant mixture on the degree of oxidative stress in these athletes. Subjects received either 600 mg alpha-tocopherol, 1,000 mg vitamin C and 32 mg beta-carotene, or a placebo over 32 days during a regular competition season. Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, beta-carotene, retinol, lipoperoxides (LPO), and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were analysed before and after treatment. Lipoperoxide plasma levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the vitamin antioxidant supplemented group. The LPO/TAS ratio decreased about 15.3% in this group indicating a reduction in oxidative stress. Vitamin C dropped dramatically (p < 0.03, mean 15.4 micromol/L) in the placebo group leading to a marginal plasma vitamin C concentration (from 11 to less than 28 micromol/L). The results of this study suggest that the administered vitamin antioxidant mixture decreases oxidative stress and avoids the development of a marginal vitamin C status in professional basketball player during habitual training.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Training-induced changes in aerobic aptitudes of professional basketball players.

We investigated the effects of a training program on the aerobic aptitudes and the relevance of the instant of equality of pulmonary gas exchange (i. e., RER = 1.00) to assess these effects in professional basketball players. Eight athletes performed two incremental exercise tests on a cycloergometer separated by 4.7 +/- 0.7 months. Physiological variables recorded during these two tests (heart rate, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, respiratory exchange ratio, power output) allowed to determine the first and second ventilatory thresholds and the instant of equality of pulmonary gas exchange. The training program induced significant variations of resting heart rate, oxygen uptake and power output measured for the instant of equality of pulmonary gas exchange. Moreover, the used fractions of heart rate, oxygen uptake and power reserves for the instant of equality of pulmonary gas exchange and the second ventilatory threshold increase significantly. Inversely, maximal oxygen uptake, maximal power reached and the used fractions of reserves for the first ventilatory threshold do not differ significantly. Professional basketball training is not focused on drills aiming to enhance both the aerobic power and aptitude, our results suggest that this training program induce the same physiological changes as a typical aerobic training. We also demonstrated that the instant of equality of pulmonary gas exchange is a powerful tool to quantify the changes in aerobic aptitudes during a sport season.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Biomechanics and energetics of basketball wheelchairs evolution.

The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic demand and mechanical work of different basketball wheelchairs that represented significant stages of its evolution from 1960 to date. Four subjects pushed each model on a basketball court at different speeds (from 0.90 to 2.35 m.s(-1)). During the trials, oxygen consumption was measured. Also, the different forms of mechanical work involved in the exercise were investigated. The oxygen consumption decreased from the oldest model to the next ones, remaining then quite constant. This was also the same with breathing and pushing frequencies. Both the work against air drag and rolling resistance decreased, air drag always played a minor role due to the low speeds investigated. The total mechanical work was highest in the oldest wheelchair and lowest in the newest one. The efficiencies were found similar for all the chairs but the most recent one (less efficient). Already by the 1970's the wheelchair economy had reached an acceptable level, at least partially because of its improved ergonomics. Yet, when focusing on the efficiency, the surprisingly low value with the newest model suggests factors other than the economy (need of better balance, responsiveness, and ground grip) as determinants of the evolution of this device.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Psychological predictors of coping responses among Greek basketball referees.

The authors examined the effects of situational appraisals (perceived control and intensity), coping styles (monitoring and blunting), and personal dispositions (optimism and self-esteem) on the approach and avoidance coping responses of skilled Greek basketball referees (N = 162) and the consistency of their responses following 3 game-related stressful situations. In an effort to clarify the variables involved in coping and to consider the theoretical principles both within and beyond sports, the authors replicated an earlier study among Australian basketball referees (A. Kaissidis-Rodafinos, M. H. Anshel, & A. Porter, 1997). The results were equivocal: The Greek referees were not consistent in using avoidance and approach coping responses across situations. Approach coping was more predictable than avoidance coping in accounting for both situational and personal variables.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Somatotype and size of elite female basketball players.

The aim of this study was to compare the somatotype and size of elite female basketball players in terms of playing position and team performance. Anthropometry and somatotype data were collected on 168 players from 14 countries before the Women's World Basketball Championship, Australia, 1994. There were 64 guards (mean +/- s: age 25.4 +/- 3.3 years, height 1.72 +/- 0.06 m, mass 66.1 +/- 6.2 kg, somatotype = 2.9-3.9-2.6), 57 forwards (age 25.2 +/- 3.8 years, height 1.81 +/- 0.06 m, mass 73.3 +/- 5.9 kg, somatotype = 2.8-3.5-3.2) and 47 centres (age 24.1 +/- 3.1 years, height 1.90 +/- 0.06 m, mass 82.6 +/- 8.2 kg, somatotype = 3.2-3.1-3.4). Mean somatotypes by position were significantly different (F = 7.73, P < 0.01). Guards had greater mesomorphy than centres and less ectomorphy than forwards and centres. When discriminant function analysis was applied to endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy, age, height and mass, only height, mass and ectomorphy entered (Wilks' lambda = 0.351, F = 31.40, P < 0.000), 70% of the variance was accounted for, and 72% of players were correctly classified. In the four top versus four bottom teams, guards were taller and more ectomorphic, forwards were taller, with lower mesomorphy and higher ectomorphy, and centres did not differ. Thus there are some differences in somatotypes by position and team placing, but the combination of height, mass and ectomorphy provide the best differentiation by position.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Late information pick-up is preferred in basketball jump shooting.

In this study we examined the timing of optical information pick-up in basketball jump shooting using an intermittent viewing technique. We expected shooters to prefer to look at the basket as late as possible under the shooting style used. Seven experts with a high shooting style and five experts with a low shooting style took 50 jump shots while wearing liquid-crystal glasses that opened and closed at pre-set intervals. In principle, under this constraint, the participants could control when they saw the basket by actively modulating the timing of their movements. Analyses of the phasing of the movements relative to the events defined on the glasses revealed that low-style shooters preferred to see the basket just before the ball passed their line of sight, whereas high-style shooters tended to view the basket from underneath the ball after it passed their line of sight. Thus, most shooters preferred to pick up optical information as late as possible given the adopted shooting style. We conclude that, in dynamic far aiming tasks such as basketball jump shooting, late pick-up of optical information is critical for the successful guidance of movements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ritual and free-throw shooting in basketball.

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and effect of certain highly patterned behaviours utilized prior to free-throw shooting in basketball. Ten female basketball players comprising the varsity squad of Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA served as subjects for this study. Subjects were filmed with a high-speed camera and monitored for heart rate during the performance of 10 free throws in each of two conditions: ritual and non-ritual. For the ritual condition, subjects were given unlimited time and freedom of movement prior to each free-throw attempt. For the non-ritual condition, subjects were not restricted by time, but were instructed to shoot the ball without utilizing any movements other than those required to project the ball to the goal. Dependent measures were characteristics of behaviours, physiological changes measured by heart rates, mechanical data (speed, height and angle of release), and number of successful attempts. Condition x trials analyses of variance and low standard deviation concerning characteristics of behaviours indicated that the idiosyncratic behaviours prior to free-throw shooting were rituals of the auto-communicative type. Results indicated no significant difference between conditions for free-throw success. However, partial correlation between dependent measures and successful free-throw attempts indicated that duration of behaviours was most crucial to free-throw shooting success.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The effects of equipment modification on children's self-efficacy and basketball shooting performance.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of modification of basketball size and basket height on shooting performance and self-efficacy of girls and boys 9 to 12 years of age. Subjects (N = 74) completed a self-efficacy questionnaire before and after shooting 10 baskets under four conditions. Shooting conditions were a combination of basketball size (women's or men's) and basket height (10 or 8 ft). Repeated measures analyses of variance indicated that children made more baskets and had higher shooting scores at the 8-ft basket than the 10-ft basket. This was especially evident for girls and 9- and 10-year-old children. Self-efficacy was higher prior to shooting, and boys had higher self-efficacy than girls. Self-efficacy was highest when children shot at the 8-ft basket. These results indicated that basket height modification can positively influence children's shooting performance and self-efficacy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Effects of goal-setting interventions on selected basketball skills: a single-subject design.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a goal-setting intervention program on selected components of basketball performance over the course of a competitive season. A multiple-baseline, single-subject design was used with baseline observations on various performance components (e.g., turnovers, rebounds), collected for four elite college basketball players during their first eight games of the season. At the midseason break, these players selected one aspect of their play that they felt would benefit from improvement. A goal-setting program was designed based on the goal attainment scaling procedure recommended by Smith (1988), whereby subjects generated numerical targets for their chosen components. Performance components were then assessed for the next eight games as they had been in the preintervention phase. Following the intervention, 3 of the 4 subjects showed consistent improvements in their targeted areas of performance. Also, there were no outcome changes in the performance components that weren't targeted by the subjects. The findings suggest that future studies may benefit from achieving greater ecological validity and utilizing alternative designs to the traditional nomothetic approaches which may tend to mask positive intervention effects on certain individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Examining movement variability in the basketball free-throw action at different skill levels.

The analysis of variability both within and between performers can reveal important information about how athletes satisfy situational constraints. Transitory changes in the basketball free-throw shot were examined across different stages in skill development. Six female basketball players were selected, representing a range of playing expertise (pretest: 0-90% baskets scored). Each participant was video recorded performing 30 shots. Contrary to predictions, there was not a clear pattern of a reduction in trajectory variability with increasing skill level. However, improvements in skill level were associated with an increasing amount of intertrial movement consistency from the elbow and wrist joints. It is suggested that the angular motions of the elbow and wrist joints were compensated for each other toward the end of each throw to adapt to subtle changes in release parameters of the ball.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The gender issue: epidemiology of ankle injuries in athletes who participate in basketball.

The increased participation of women in organized athletics has resulted in an interest in gender-related injury patterns. Previous reports have indicated an increased incidence in anterior cruciate knee injuries among female intercollegiate basketball players compared with their male counterparts. The current epidemiologic study prospectively evaluated the relative risk of ankle injuries in scholastic and collegiate basketball players during a 2-year period. Eleven thousand seven hundred eighty athletes participated in this study, 4940 females and 6840 males. There were 1052 ankle injuries. Overall, females had a 25% greater risk of sustaining a Grade I ankle sprain compared with their male counterparts. This increased risk was present in the interscholastic and intercollegiate players. There was no significant difference in the risk for Grades II and III ankle sprains, ankle fractures, or syndesmotic sprains. Male and female athletes doubled their risk for sustaining an ankle injury at the intercollegiate level compared with the interscholastic level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Set shot shooting performance and visual acuity in basketball.

Common sense suggests that decreasing visual acuity will have a negative effect on basketball shooting performance. To test the hypothesis that basketball shooting performance monotonically decreases with decreasing acuity, 19 subjects attempted 25 set shots from a fixed location at each of 5 different acuity levels: 6/6 or better and vision blurred (by optical defocus) to visual acuities of 6/12, 6/24, 6/48, and 6/75. Our results revealed a small but statistically nonsignificant decrease in shooting performance between the 6/6+ and 6/12 conditions. For visual acuities between 6/12 and 6/75, the number of baskets made remained constant. We conclude that decreases in visual acuity over the range of 6/6+ to 6/75 resulting from defocus do not significantly reduce set shot shooting performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Electrodiagnostic study of carpal tunnel syndrome in wheelchair basketball players.

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE-DESIGN-SUBJECTS: Compression neuropathies are common injuries about the wrist in wheelchair athletes. Thirty-three world-class wheelchair basketball players were studied electrodiagnostically to determine the prevalence and severity of median neuropathy at the wrist in these athletes. RESULTS: Thirty percent of these athletes had symptoms consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and 70% of these had electrodiagnostic confirmation of this injury. Overall, 52% of the 33 athletes had electrodiagnostic findings of median neuropathy at the wrist with nine athletes (27%) exhibiting bilateral abnormalities. Four athletes (12%) had abnormal electrodiagnostic findings involving the ulnar nerve at the wrist. CONCLUSIONS: This prevalence of CTS in wheelchair basketball players appears to be similar to that found in the general paraplegic population. Early recognition and treatment of CTS in these athletes are recommended to avoid chronic problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Crisis-related observations in competition: a case study in basketball.

This study presents a unique observational approach to basketball, based on the theory of psychological performance crisis in competition. The approach used takes into account the responses of a player' s actions to significant social factors such as team-mates, spectators, the coach and the referees. The contribution of this approach beyond traditional observational techniques is discussed. In our investigation, a single case design was used, in which a professional basketball player was observed during 10 home and 3 away games of the regular season. The relations between the observations and the crisis concept are discussed in detail. In addition, some relevant methodological and applied aspects are presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Are unilateral and bilateral patellar tendinopathy distinguished by differences in anthropometry, body composition, or muscle strength in elite female basketball players?

BACKGROUND: Overuse injury to the patellar tendon (patellar tendinopathy) is a major reason for interrupted training and competition for elite athletes. In both sexes, the prevalence of unilateral and bilateral tendinopathy has been shown to differ. It has been proposed that bilateral pathology may have a different aetiology from unilateral pathology. Investigation of risk factors that may be unique to unilateral and bilateral patellar tendinopathy in female athletes may reveal insights into the aetiology of this condition. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether anthropometry, body composition, or muscle strength distinguished elite female basketball players with unilateral or bilateral patellar tendinopathy. METHODS: Body composition, anthropometry, and muscle strength were compared in elite female basketball players with unilateral (n = 8), bilateral (n = 7), or no (n = 24) patellar tendinopathy. Body composition was analysed using a dual energy x ray absorptiometer. Anthropometric measures were assessed using standard techniques. Knee extensor strength was measured at 180 degrees /s using an isokinetic dynamometer. z scores were calculated for the unilateral and bilateral groups (using the no tendinopathy group as controls). z scores were tested against zero. RESULTS: The tibia length to stature ratio was approximately 1.3 (1.3) SDs above zero in both the affected and non-affected legs in the unilateral group (p<0.05). The waist to hip ratio was 0.66 (0.78) SD above zero in the unilateral group (p<0.05). In the unilateral group, leg lean to total lean ratio was 0.42 (0.55) SD above zero (p<0.07), the trunk lean to total lean ratio was 0.63 (0.68) SD below zero (p<0.05), and leg fat relative to total fat was 0.47 (0.65) SD below zero (p<0.09). In the unilateral group, the leg with pathology was 0.78 (1.03) SD weaker during eccentric contractions (p<0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral patellar tendinopathy has identifiable risk factors whereas bilateral patellar tendinopathy may not. This suggests that the aetiology of these conditions may be different. However, interpretation must respect the limitation of small subject numbers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cardiovascular stress on an elite basketball referee during national competition.

This case report examined the cardiovascular stress imposed on an experienced elite basketball referee during national competition. The average heart rate was similar for all matches, approximated 73% of maximum heart rate, and was experienced for most (>63%) of the match. Similar relative exercise intensity was demonstrated regardless of match play (men's v women's) and officiating type (two v three-referee). Further study is needed to document the physiological characteristics of elite basketball referees for greater performance.

Adult↗