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Results for “Auditory Perceptual Disorders”

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PubMed2003

Blindness and auditory impairment caused by loss of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBC3.

Normal sensory transduction requires the efficient disposal of acid (H+) generated by neuronal and sensory receptor activity. Multiple highly sensitive transport mechanisms have evolved in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms to maintain acidity within strict limits. It is currently assumed that the multiplicity of these processes provides a biological robustness. Here we report that the visual and auditory systems have a specific requirement for H+ disposal mediated by the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBC3 (refs. 7,8). Mice lacking NBC3 develop blindness and auditory impairment because of degeneration of sensory receptors in the eye and inner ear as in Usher syndrome. Our results indicate that in certain sensory organs, in which the requirement to transduce specific environmental signals with speed, sensitivity and reliability is paramount, the choice of the H+ disposal mechanism used is limited.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The influence of personality-related factors upon consultation for two different "marginal" organic pathologies with and without reports of auditory symptomatology.

Obscure Auditory Dysfunction (OAD) is explained by a combination of hearing-related deficits and personality factors Saunders & Haggard (1992). In this study, we determine which factors are associated specifically with OAD and which are associated with the seeking of medical attention in general. We achieved this by obtaining a second patient group with a parallel syndrome to OAD, called "chronic pelvic pain without obvious organic pathology" (CPPWOOP). CPPWOOP patients complain of lower abdominal pain that is not explainable by conventional medical tests. Fifteen CPPWOOPs underwent the OAD test battery. For the analyses they were retrospectively matched to 15 of the original OADs and their matched controls. The three groups were compared by analysis of variance and Kruskall-Wallis analyses. The CPPWOOPs and controls performed significantly better than OADs on hearing-related variables, but did not differ from each other, whereas the OADs and CPPWOOPs were significantly more anxious than the controls, but did not differ from each other. We conclude that anxiety-related traits are associated with the seeking of medical attention in general, whereas the hearing-related deficits we measured are associated specifically with OAD. Anxiety-related traits should, therefore, be considered when dealing with marginal pathologies, but in depth investigation may also reveal an organic basis; therefore, patients should not be dismissed as simply neurotic.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1982

Auditory agnosia.

Auditory agnosia can be defined as the defective recognition of non-verbal sounds and noises. The clinical picture of this disorder is described and the scarcity of knowledge of auditory agnosia derived purely from single cases is discussed. Next, experimental studies on unselected series of brain-damaged patients, especially designed to clarify the relation of auditory agnosia to aphasia and to the hemispheric locus of the lesion are reported. The results consistently point to the existence of two types of auditory agnosia, a semantic-associative one, specifically associated with lesions of the left hemisphere and aphasia, and a discriminative one, specifically associated with lesions of the right hemisphere. The hypothesis is advanced that the semantic-associative variety of auditory agnosia is part of a wider cognitive disorder.

Agnosia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracortical mechanisms of mismatch negativity dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Event-related potentials provide an objective index of neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia subjects show a decreased mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude relative to age- and sex-matched controls, along with a characteristic pattern of MMN dysfunction across conditions. Deficits in MMN generation are accompanied by (1) impaired precision of auditory sensory memory performance and (2) an interstimulus-interval-dependent deficit in auditory N(1) generation. Similar deficits are observed following systemic or local infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, supporting glutamatergic and phencyclidine/NMDA models of the disorder. Deficits in MMN generation may also be seen following focal cortical damage, especially to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. MMN thus provides a useful tool for investigating mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Attention↗
PubMed1981

[The auditory, somatosensory and visual evoked potentials in the oto-neurologic diagnosis (author's transl)].

The theory of a signal averaging system for noninvasive electro-diagnosis and the measurements of auditory, somatosensory and visual evoked responses have been explained. This diagnosis as a powerful new tool has been demonstrated in different patients with cerebellopontine angle tumor, hydrocephalus, brain stem vascular disease, encephalomyelitis and for determining the hearing threshold in infants.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mismatch negativity: different water in the same river.

The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a frontal negative deflection in the human event-related potential that typically occurs when a repeating auditory stimulus changes in some manner. The MMN can be elicited by many kinds of stimulus change, varying from simple changes in a single stimulus feature to abstract changes in the relationship between stimuli. The main intracerebral sources for the MMN are located in the auditory cortices of the temporal lobe. Since it occurs whether or not stimuli are being attended, the MMN represents an automatic cerebral process for detecting change. The MMN is clinically helpful in terms of demonstrating disordered sensory processing or disordered memory in groups of patients. Improvements in the techniques for measuring the MMN and in the paradigms for eliciting it will be needed before the MMN can become clinically useful as an objective measurement of such disorders in individual patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Auditory processing disorder (APD)-potential contribution of mouse research.

APD is a common, heterogeneous and poorly understood listening impairment that is receiving increasing recognition, especially in children and the elderly. The primary symptom in humans is poor speech perception despite normal pure tone audiometry. Diagnostic practice is patchy, but current proposals are to distinguish APD by reduced ability to detect, discriminate, localize and order non-speech sounds. APD appears to result predominantly from core malfunctioning of the central auditory system, but with strong cognitive influences and possible additional influences from peripheral auditory and crossmodal sources. APD may be acquired (e.g. through middle ear disease), but it is likely that a more common etiology would involve both environmental and inherited contributions. Mice are increasingly being used for studies of central auditory processing. Most work to date has documented the basic response properties of auditory neurons, or used single gene mutations to investigate specific functions. For high throughput, primary screening, reflex and/or event-related potential measures are required. Pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), the regulation of an acoustic startle reflex by a preceding sound having distinct spatial, temporal or spectral properties, is one way in which auditory processing may be screened. For secondary assessment, standard psychoacoustic tests for mice have been developed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Altered pathways for auditory discrimination and recognition memory in preterm infants.

Preterm infants are at increased risk for cognitive disorders, including impairments in recognition memory. This study evaluated the effects of extreme prematurity on the neural pathway for auditory recognition memory using event-related potentials (ERPs), a neurophysiological technique widely used in cognitive neuroscience. ERPs were recorded at term postmenstrual age in 35 preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks' gestation (22 males, 13 females; mean birthweight ([BW] 1154g, SD 374g) with normal brain ultrasounds, compared with 40 healthy, term newborns (1 to 3 days of age; 20 males, 20 females; BW 3672g, SD 420g). Because infants must be able to detect and discriminate sounds before recognizing them, two paradigms were used to assess these functions. The first evaluated the detection and discrimination of speech sounds. The second tested recognition of the mother's voice compared with a stranger's. Results showed significantly different patterns of speech sound discrimination in preterm infants compared with term infants. No evidence of maternal voice recognition was elicited from the preterm infants. No specific patterns of auditory detection or discrimination were associated with patterns of recognition memory, suggesting that the function of multiple neural pathways may have been altered in this group of preterm infants. These results provide a functional corroboration of magnetic resonance imaging studies showing effects of prematurity on early brain development, even among preterm infants with normal cranial ultrasonography.

Auditory Cortex↗
PubMed2003

Altered hemispheric asymmetry and positive symptoms in schizophrenia: equivalent current dipole of auditory mismatch negativity.

The abnormality of mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia is thought to be associated with perceptional disturbance and cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the change of the normal functional hemispheric lateralization in schizophrenia by employing the equivalent current dipole (ECD) model of auditory MMN with individual MRI and high-density electroencephalography (EEG). The MMNs resulting from auditory stimuli with passive oddball paradigm in a group of schizophrenics (n = 15), and also a group of age-, sex-, and handedness-matched normal controls, were recorded by 128 channel EEG. The location and power of ECD sources at the peak point were calculated. Individual 3-D brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) were used for realistic head modeling and for source localization. For both groups, the MMN source was determined to be located in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). However, the normal functional hemispheric asymmetry of ECD power was significantly altered in the schizophrenics (chi(2) test = 16.13, p < 0.001). Left MMN ECD power and the asymmetry coefficient (AC) were negatively correlated with the positive scores from Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (r = -0.673, p = 0.008), especially with the hallucinatory behavior subscale (r = -0.677, p = 0.008). These findings support the deficits in preattentive automatic processing of auditory stimuli, especially in the left hemisphere, and indicate the correlation between positive symptoms, especially auditory hallucination, and left temporal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Critical analysis of children with suspicion of auditory processing disorders].

BACKGROUND: APDs at infancy has become a common reason of introduction at phoniatric/pedaudiologic departments. The question arises whether this neurocognitive construct can be accounted with the standard clinical diagnostics. METHODS: The children with suspicion of APD referred to the Department of Phoniatrics/Pedaudiology at the University Hospital Goettingen/Germany were clinically examined. PATIENTS: Of 107 children 8 % demonstrated abnormal hearing acuity, 7 % learning and intelligence disorders, 7 % developmental dyslexia, 6 % language impairments, and 5 % attention deficit/hyperactivity. So, 59 children remained for evaluating for an APD (mean age: 85.3; SD 16.3 months). RESULTS: Their auditory performances were normdeviant from 7 % (speech audiometry) to 86 % (auditory sequential short-term memory for non-words). 55 % of the children exhibited a reduced dichotic word discrimination, 59 % a performance below norm level in auditory sequential memory for digits, and 86 % for non-words. Next step, the children of the study group were distributed according to their therapy situations at the time of examination: without; speech therapy; occupational therapy; speech therapy + occupational therapy. No significant group effects were found in the mean performances of the audiometric and psychometric tests, even though the results considerably differed. No auditory dimension made a contribution to separate the groups in a stepwise discriminant analysis. CONCLUSIONS: There was a notably inherent heterogeneity of the population presenting with auditory processing problems. The overall objective of the APD evaluation must be to assess processing skills apart from complex stimuli like language skills (e. g. parameter of tones, memory of tone pitch).

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2000

Auditory neuropathy in children.

Auditory neuropathy is a sensorineural disorder characterized by absent or abnormal auditory brainstem evoked potentials and normal cochlear outer hair cell function. A variety of processes is thought to be involved in its pathophysiology and their influence on hearing may be different. We present here the diagnostic sequence and management of two new cases of auditory neuropathy in breastfeeding children.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

The processing of speech sounds in a patient with cortical auditory disorder.

A 56-yr old woman developed a cortical auditory disorder after two successive strokes involving the temporal lobes. Dichotic listening tests did not show a left car advantage with right ear suppression, as shown in other cases with similar disorders. Tasks exploring phonological analysis showed an impairment limited to the stop consonants. Within this framework, processing of feature place was selectively disturbed, while voicing was normally analysed. The possible role of psychoacoustic deficits in the pathogenesis of cortical auditory disorders is discussed. Some general considerations on cortical auditory disorders are also made.

Auditory Cortex↗
PubMed2003

Auditory processing in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A.

HYPOTHESIS: It is unclear whether Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, type 1A, causes auditory processing disorders. Therefore, auditory processing abilities were investigated in five CMT1A patients with normal hearing. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have failed to separate peripheral from central auditory processing disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five genetically confirmed CMT1A cases in patients with normal hearing underwent behavioral and objective testing. Pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and OAE assessment were followed-up by an auditory processing test battery comprising sentences-in-noise test, pattern recognition tests, words-in-noise test, dichotic digit test, filtered speech test, binaural fusion test, and categorical speech perception test. Subsequently, ABR and ERP measurements were conducted. RESULTS: Either the behavioral or objective test scores of 4 out of the 5 CMT1A patients did not differ significantly from those of subjects with normal hearing. Significantly lower scores of one patient on auditory processing tests and ABR measurements could be ascribed to subnormal hearing. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that CMT1A patients with normal peripheral hearing have auditory processing abilities that were not indicative for an auditory processing disorder. Furthermore, the presence of a peripheral hearing loss complicates the interpretation of auditory processing abilities.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2004

Neural synchronization deficits to auditory stimulation in bipolar disorder.

Patients with bipolar disorder show cognitive deficits and disorganized behavior, which may reflect a disturbance in neural synchronization. We tested whether EEG measures of auditory neural synchronization were abnormal in bipolar disorder. Nineteen symptomatic patients with bipolar disorder and 32 non-psychiatric control subjects were evaluated. Click trains (500 ms duration) presented at 20, 30, 40 and 50 Hz were used to evoke EEG synchronization. Patients with bipolar disorder showed reduced power across the frequencies of stimulation. Phase-locking across trials was also disturbed in bipolar disorder, consistent with poor phase synchronization between the stimulus and EEG. Abnormal high frequency neural synchronization may contribute to cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder.

Acoustic Stimulation↗