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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[High tone audiometry I. Dominant sidedness of hearing (author's transl)].

Tests for determining the dominant hearing ear by use of high tone audiometry (18 to 16 KHz) on 100 male and female "normal hearing" patients aged between 5 and 71 years of age demonstrated a relationship with whole body laterality (eye dominance, preferred tongue side, vocal cord asymmetry and hand and foot dominance). Right ear dominance was found in 62 of 85 right-handed individuals, whereas left ear dominance was found in only 3 of 10 left-handed individuals. In 5 with ambidexterity high tone audiometry failed to show any significant preference. High tone audiometry clearly clarifies cerebral hemisphere dominance and this auditory dominance can be utilized therapeutically as well as prognostically.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1978

[High tone audiometry. II. Clinical application (author's transl)].

High tone audiometry, which is the testing of the auditory threshold between 8 and 16 KHz, increases the clinical usefulness of pure tone audiometry. Specific patterns of audiograph were obtained from 100 children and adults with auditory dysfunction of varied cause. The clinical application of high tone audiometry as an audiological aid to specific diagnosis should be pursued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Brain stem audiometry and metrizamide-meatocisternography in diagnosis of small neurinomas of the acoustic nerve (author's transl)].

Reviewing the newest literature, an acoustic neuroma can be detected in 96% of the cases, employing brainstem audiometry. The present study aims to answer the question how good small acoustic neuromas can be detected using this method. Fifty patients with an asymmetric hearing loss, with unilateral caloric deficit and short lasting periods of dizziness when changing position were investigated. Brainstem audiometry as well as metrizamide-meatocisternography were carried out. Thus we were able to detect seven small acoustic neuromas; only one tumor could not be detected with the brainstem audiometry. The findings will be shown and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Reliability of brain stem audiometry in specific learning disorders (disorders of sensory integration)].

Diagnostic audiological tests performed in ten children from 1985 to 1991 showed remarkable differences between the results of behavioral audiometry (free field or pure tone audiometry) and those of auditory evoked response audiometry. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was absent in seven children with sensory neural hearing loss. Neuropsychological evaluation was performed on four children, neuropsychological observation was performed on two children, pediatric examination was performed on three children and one child showed signs of neuropediatric disorder. The results of neuropsychological evaluation showed moderate to severe learning disabilities (sensory integration disorders, learning disorders) in all four children tested. Available neuropsychological observation also indicated the presence of sensory integration disorders in two children. Two children had multiple handicaps with cerebral abnormalities, two further children were diagnosed as suffering from "minimal cerebral dysfunction," one of which was mentally retarded. The fact that ABRs were absent in seven children indicates that a response desynchronisation in the auditory pathway may exist in these disorders. Thus, ABR might not be a reliable method for audiological testing in children with learning disabilities or other cerebral dysfunctions, but serves as an adjunct to conventional testing methods.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Audiometry in the diagnosis of cerebral ischemia complicated with acute subarachnoidal hemorrhage].

Hearing investigations (speech, tuning fork, pure-tone threshold audiometry) were conducted in 35 patients (18 males and 17 females aged 30-55) with acute subarachnoidal hemorrhage (ASH) which was spontaneous in 16 and resultant from rupture of the arterial aneurysm in 19 patients. Angiography registered in them local (11 patients), regional (14 patients) and diffuse (10 patients) spasm of cerebral vessels. Speech and tuning fork testing proved no hearing loss. Pure-tone audiometry, on the contrary, revealed bilateral or symmetrical (in 91% and 71% of the examinees, respectively) hearing loss in the majority of the patients (95.5%). Low-frequency and medium-frequency tones were received at slightly higher thresholds (20-25 dB). These thresholds were virtually similar in all the patients irrespective of the spasm severity and site. High-frequency sounds, especially 8000 Hz, were received inadequately almost by all the test subjects, the hearing thresholds being related to vasospasm severity, spread and location. These were 17-31 dB, 35-52 dB, 35-60 dB, 42-70 dB in patients with compensated and local arterial spasm, subcompensated and regional spasm, decompensated and diffuse spasm, basilar artery spasm, respectively. Pure-tone threshold audiometry can provide the basis for evaluating the severity, spreading and location of arterial spasm in ASH in acute phase and is recommended for examination of the above patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Subjective and objective audiometry].

Audiometry uses physically precisely defined acoustic stimuli. The response can be either a subjective reaction of the patient such as to press a button, or it can be a physiological reaction that can be measured objectively such as the acoustic reflex of the stapedial muscle. The aims of both types of audiometry, subjective and objective, are the assessment, the localization and the quantification of hearing loss. Specifically selected subjective or objective tests, and combinations of both, are being used to answer different clinical questions related to audiometric screening, audiological diagnosis, and quantitative description of the hearing loss. The selection of tests should be designed to answer the specific question most effectively.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrodermal audiometry: renewed acquaintance with an old friend.

Reasonable requirements for any test of nonorganic hearing impairment are that the procedure should result in both identification of a nonorganic problem and an accurate determination of true organic thresholds. In our clinical experience, no hearing test meets the determination of threshold requirement as accurately and as efficiently as electrodermal audiometry (EDR). The purpose of this presentation is to offer a brief review of our recent clinical experience with EDR audiometry, including representative case histories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Work-related, noise-induced hearing loss: evaluation including evoked potential audiometry.

This article reviews the evaluation of 246 workers (492 ears) who underwent otologic and audiologic testing as part of a worker's compensation claim for work-related, noise-induced hearing loss. Tinnitus was present in 58% of the patients, but was rarely a major symptom. Other otologic symptoms or a history of ear disease were virtually nonexistent. Standard audiometry showed a downsloping, high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in 85% of the ears tested, with only 37% having a characteristic "noise notch" at 4000 or 6000 hertz. Asymmetric hearing loss was not uncommon, with 48 patients (20%) undergoing magnetic resonance scanning, all of whom showed no central lesion responsible for the loss. Proven malingering was surprisingly uncommon (9%). In this study, evoked response audiometry was a valuable adjunct to confirm behavioral thresholds in the evaluation of possible work-related, noise-induced hearing loss. The middle latency response was more effective than the auditory brainstem response as a result of the high-frequency steepness of the audiometric curve.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1989

Brainstem electric response audiometry: estimation of the amount of conductive hearing loss with and without use of the response threshold.

Three aspects of brainstem response audiometry were investigated in the present study. (1) The brainstem response threshold was compared with the pure-tone audiogram in 40 patients with conductive hearing loss. The brainstem response threshold has a one-to-one relationship with the mean of the pure-tone thresholds at 2 and 4 kHz. The correlation coefficient in this comparison is 0.84 and the standard error of the estimate is 8.3 dB. Taking into account corresponding results in cochlear hearing loss [Drift et al.: Audiology 26: 1-10, 1987] it is concluded that the brainstem response threshold provides a good estimate of the amount of peripheral hearing loss, independent of the type of hearing loss. (2) It was shown [Drift et al.: Audiology 27: 260-270, 1988] that different types of peripheral hearing loss can be distinguished reliably with brainstem response audiometry. Parameters relevant for this distinction were the horizontal shift of the latency-level curve (1(L) curve), that of its derivative and the response threshold. In the clinical situation measurement of the response threshold is not always possible due to restlessness of the patient. To simulate this situation we randomly truncated the lower parts of the 1(L) curves of quiet patients. The test group consisted of 22 adult normally hearing subjects, 79 patients with cochlear hearing loss, 40 with conductive hearing loss and 22 with mixed hearing loss. Linear discriminant analysis was applied to the horizontal shift of the 1(L) curve and of its derivative. The brainstem diagnosis 'normal hearing' correctly excludes a conductive hearing loss in 98% of the cases and the brainstem diagnosis 'cochlear hearing loss' does so in 79%. The brainstem diagnosis 'conductive hearing loss' correctly predicts a conductive component of hearing loss in 94% of the cases and the brainstem diagnosis 'mixed hearing loss' does so in 90%. The distinction between cochlear hearing loss and normal hearing is not reliable, neither is the distinction between conductive and mixed hearing loss. (3) The amount of the conductive component of hearing loss can be estimated by the horizontal shift of the 1(L) curve. Statistical comparison with the mean of the air-bone gaps at 2 and 4 kHz gave a correlation coefficient of 0.77, a standard error of the estimate of 9.7 dB, and a slope of the regression line of 0.93. An overestimation of about 7 dB has to be taken into account in case of mixed hearing loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical impedance audiometry.

This manuscript has attempted to briefly outline the most important areas of clinical impedance audiometry. The author has emphasized the use of impedance audiometry in differentiating different types of middle ear pathology and utilizing the stapedial reflex in the determination of malingering as well as an overall test of the normal function of the auditory nervous system from the inner ear to brain stem. Finally, the use of Eustachian tube function can also be utilized by the trained audiologist in determining whether or not there is Eustachian tube dysfunction. It is important to again emphasize that impedance audiometry is objective and does not involve the cooperation of the patient. Thus in the autistic child and in the child who is uncooperative, it is of particular help to the clinical otologist and audiologist. In patients who are malingering the stapedial reflex may assist in determining a valid response in routine autiometry. Finally, with special types of tests which have not been discussed in this manuscript, such as stapedial reflex decay, one may be able to determine the presence of an early acoustic neurinoma.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1977

Respiration audiometry.

Since 1971 an impedance-plethysmographic method was been used to record changes in the breathing pattern of 218 high-risk infants during acoustic stimulation. The results of this technique, known as respiration audiometry, show that acoustically induced changes in the breathing pattern can be used as a hearing test for very young children. The results fall into four categories: excellent readability (45%), good readability (32%), readable (15%), not readable (8%). Respiration audiometry makes it possible in most cases to ascertain a child's hearing level. The neonatal period and early infancy are the ages best suited for investigations with respiration audiometry. The reliability of this method was found to be good.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of eustachian tube function with impedance audiometry in chronic suppurative otitis media].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Eustachian tube function with impedance audiometry of the various types, durations and status of chronic suppurative otitis media. METHOD: The Eustachian tube functions of 368 patients (402 ears) of chronic suppurative otitis media were measured by the manual model of reading meter and regulating air pressure with impedance audiometry. The data were analysed statistically. RESULT: The average positive opening pressure of Eustachian tube was (23.5-8.3) daPa in expedite status, (79.8+/-16.2) daPa in mild obstruction, (154.1+/-28.7) daPa in serious obstruction and >200 daPa in entire obstruction. The percentage of detection was 50.5% in expedite status, 26.9% in mild obstruction, 11.9% in serious obstruction and 10.7% in entire obstruction, which in expedite status was much higher than that in various types of Eustachian tube obstruction status. However, the incidence of Eustachian tube opening in the cases with duration of 3 month-1 year was significantly lower than that in the cases with other durations. The opening pressure of Eustachian tube in the cases with large perforation of tense part of tympanic membrane was significantly lower than that in the cases with small perforation of tense part of tympanic membrane and perforation of flaccid part of tympanic membrane. Nevertheless, the incidence of Eustachian tube obstruction in the cases with large perforation of tense part of tympanic membrane was significantly lower than that in the cases with small perforation of tense part of tympanic membrane and perforation of flaccid part of tympanic membrane. CONCLUSION: The Eustachian tube was expedite in about 1/2 of cases with chronic suppurative otitis media, mild obstruction in about 1/4 quarter of cases, and serious obstruction and entire obstruction in about 1/10 of cases respectively. The Eustachian tube function was related to the duration, type and location of tympanic perforation in chronic suppurative otitis media. It is a simple, invasion-free method to evaluate the Eustachian tube function of chronic suppurative otitis media with impedance audiometry.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

[Usefulness of impedance audiometry in the objective evaluation of occupational hearing loss].

243 workers occupationally exposed to noise have been examined by pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry. Hearing disturbance have been diagnosed in 145 cases (62%). Impedance audiometry was performed in 74 subjects. In 47 cases (70%) hearing thresholds were found consistent in both methods whereas the other 21 cases (30%) showed different hearing thresholds. Thirteen individuals of that group exhibited hearing impairment in the cochlea. Hearing loss has been simulated in two cases. The Lüscher-Zawisłocki test revealed 1-1.5 dB in all cases. Objective verification of loudness recruitment phenomenon allowed to state cochlear hearing localization in 31 cases.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1981

Experiments re: clinical application of reflex modulation audiometry.

Two experiments were conducted on normal hearing adults to assess the audiometric test potential of reflex modulation (RM) when administered according to the descending method of limits. RM describes the inhibitory effect of a tone upon a subsequently occurring eyeblink reflex. Although RM conducted according to the method of constant stimuli has already been shown to produce RM results which agree well with voluntary audiometry in normal and hearing-impaired adults and children, the present concern is with the potential clinical application of RM, and in this regard the descending method may offer certain distinct advantages. In study one, a 2-kHz tone was presented at several descending intensities, whereas in study two, four different frequencies (0.5, 1.2, and 4 kHz) were presented in concurrent fashion, but again, the intensity of the complete set was decreased in successive steps. Sensitivity in both cases was 10 to 15 dB SL. Implications for the clinical application of RM audiometry are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Frequency-specific electric response audiometry (ERA) and its clinical application in the diagnosis of hearing defects in the dog.

Reference values were established for frequency-specific electric response audiometry (ERA) in dogs on the basis of the results of ERA examinations of 200 animals with normal hearing. Air-conducting acoustic tubes with foam stoppers were used in the determination of the following: the latencies of waves I, III and V; interpeak latencies (IPL) I-III, III-V and I-V; amplitudes I and V; and the amplitude difference I-V. A frequency-specific stimulus (tone pip) was used for frequency-specific examination (1 to 4 kHz) over the entire frequency range indicated. These reference values were then used for the clinical examination of 50 dogs with hearing defects. A frequency-specific ERA was conducted and the results evaluated. These findings made it possible to draw objective conclusions about the degree, type and site of the hearing defects. Frequency-specific electric response audiometry was shown to be an important diagnostic tool for the detection of partial high- and low-frequency hearing loss and for the characterisation of hearing defects of otological, otoneurological and neurological origin.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Validity and accuracy of electric response audiometry using the auditory steady-state response: evaluation in an empirical design.

The validity and accuracy of the application of the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to electric response audiometry (ERA) was tested further in a study permitting subjects to be their own controls for hearing loss. Simulated sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) of complex configuration and varying degrees was effected using filtered masking noise. Thresholds estimated via ASSR-ERA were compared to those measured via conventional pure-tone audiometry. Further, the slow vertex potential N1-P2 was recorded to permit a comparison with an evoked-response test of common content validity and known accuracy. Results in a homogeneous subject sample demonstrated strong interest correlation and agreement within 10 dB at 1000 to 4000 Hz (on average), but not at 500 Hz. The configurations determined by ASSR-ERA followed behavioral audiometric patterns well, except for the mildest degree of SSHL tested. Consequently, limitations of ERA remain, although ASSR-ERA appears to be quite valid overall and promises (justifiably) broad clinical applicability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical experience with auditory brainstem response audiometry in pediatric assessment.

We discuss our experience with evaluation of 167 children by auditory brainstem response audiometry in 1978. We summarize experience with referral sources, medication for sedation, and interpretation of test outcome. Medication for sedation was required for 136 children. Concommitant central nervous system involvement rendered auditory brainstem response ambiquous in some children; however, the technique still provide useful information about status of peripheral auditory sensitivity obtainable in no other way. Finally, agreement among auditory brainstem response, behavioral, and impedance audiometry predictions was usually quite good.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pitfalls in auditory brain stem response audiometry.

ABR audiometry is now a widely used clinical procedure. Although the technique provides valuable information about peripheral hearing status and assists in the detection of a retrocochlear lesion, it possesses a number of pitfalls which may not be readily apparent. This report discusses some of the limitations and problem areas in ABR audiometry.

Adult↗